CVE-2025-12999

Summary

CVE	CVE-2025-12999
State	PUBLISHED
Assigner	eclipse
Source Priority	CVE Program / NVD first with legacy fallback
Published	2026-09-21 09:17:04 UTC
Updated	2026-09-22 14:17:11 UTC
Description	UrlUtil.getBaseUrl builds the absolute URLs in a response — download links, icons, asset and API URLs — from the X-Forwarded-Host, X-Forwarded-Proto and X-Forwarded-Prefix request headers, with no check on whether the sender was a trusted proxy, falling back to the client-supplied Host header. Those responses are cached under keys that do not include the host (extension.json since 0.6.0, namespace.details.json since 0.9.0, sitemap since 0.14.5, latest.extension.version.vscode since 0.34.2). A single request carrying a forged header therefore places attacker-chosen URLs into an entry served to every other client for the lifetime of that entry — one hour by default, and cluster-wide where ovsx.redis.enabled is set. The VSIX download URL, its signature URL and the public key URL are all derived from the same base URL, so extension signing does not limit the impact: an attacker who poisons an entry supplies the package, the signature over it, and the key used to verify it. Exploitability depends on deployment topology. A server reachable directly by clients, or fronted by a proxy that relays the client's X-Forwarded-Host rather than overwriting it, is exploitable by an unauthenticated remote attacker. A proxy that overwrites the header is not. An unauthenticated attacker can poison Open VSX's per-extension metadata cache with attacker-controlled download, signature, and public-key URLs by supplying a crafted X-Forwarded-Host header, causing downstream VS Code-compatible editors to fetch and install a malicious VSIX. Workarounds (unpatched versions) 1. Configure the reverse proxy to set rather than relay X-Forwarded-Host, X-Forwarded-Proto and X-Forwarded-Prefix — note that nginx's $host is the client's Host header and is not a safe value. 2. Ensure the server is not reachable except through that proxy. 3. Flush the caches afterwards; poisoned entries survive the configuration change.

Risk And Classification

Primary CVSS: v4.0 9.1 CRITICAL from [email protected]

CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:L/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X

EPSS: 0.004050000 probability, percentile 0.345510000 (date 2026-09-22)

Problem Types: CWE-345 | CWE-345 CWE-345 Insufficient Verification of Data Authenticity

Version	Source	Type	Score	Severity	Vector
4.0	[email protected]	Secondary	9.1	CRITICAL	`CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:L/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H/E:X/C...`
4.0	CNA	CVSS	9.1	CRITICAL	`CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:L/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H`

CVSS v4.0 Breakdown

Attack Vector

Network

Attack Complexity

Low

Attack Requirements

Present

Privileges Required

None

User Interaction

None

Confidentiality

None

Integrity

High

Availability

Low

Sub Conf.

High

Sub Integrity

High

Sub Availability

High

CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:L/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X

Vendor Declared Affected Products

Source	Vendor	Product	Version	Platforms
CNA	Eclipse Foundation	Eclipse Open VSX	affected 0.6.0 1.1.2 semver	Not specified

References

Reference	Source	Link	Tags
github.com/eclipse-openvsx/openvsx/security/advisories/GHSA-f55q-5m46-rmxc	134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0	github.com
github.com/eclipse-openvsx/openvsx/pull/2196	[email protected]	github.com
gitlab.eclipse.org/security/cve-assignment/-/work_items/75	[email protected]	gitlab.eclipse.org
CVE Program record	CVE.ORG	www.cve.org	canonical
NVD vulnerability detail	NVD	nvd.nist.gov	canonical, analysis

Vendor Comments And Credit

Discovery Credit

CNA: https://github.com/oran-s (en)

CNA: tvrinssen (en)

There are currently no legacy QID mappings associated with this CVE.