SQL injection in pdo_firebird via NUL bytes in quoted strings

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Summary

CVECVE-2025-14179
StatePUBLISHED
Assignerphp
Source PriorityCVE Program / NVD first with legacy fallback
Published2026-05-10 05:16:09 UTC
Updated2026-05-10 05:16:09 UTC
DescriptionIn PHP versions 8.2.* before 8.2.31, 8.3.* before 8.3.31, 8.4.* before 8.4.21, and 8.5.* before 8.5.6, the PDO Firebird driver improperly handles NUL bytes when preparing SQL queries. During token-by-token query construction, a string token containing a NUL byte is copied via strncat(), which stops at the NUL byte, dropping the closing quote and causing subsequent SQL tokens to be interpreted as part of the string. This allows SQL injection when attacker-controlled values are quoted via PDO::quote() and embedded in SQL statements.

Risk And Classification

Primary CVSS: v4.0 7.4 HIGH from [email protected]

CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:A/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:Y/R:X/V:X/RE:M/U:Amber

Problem Types: CWE-89 | CWE-89 CWE-89 Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command ('SQL Injection')

VersionSourceTypeScoreSeverityVector
4.0[email protected]Secondary7.4HIGHCVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:A/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H/E:P/C...
4.0CNACVSS7.4HIGHCVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:A/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H/E:P/A...

CVSS v4.0 Breakdown

Attack Vector
Network
Attack Complexity
Low
Attack Requirements
Present
Privileges Required
None
User Interaction
Active
Confidentiality
High
Integrity
High
Availability
High
Sub Conf.
High
Sub Integrity
High
Sub Availability
High

CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:A/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:Y/R:X/V:X/RE:M/U:Amber

Vendor Declared Affected Products

SourceVendorProductVersionPlatforms
CNA PHP Group PHP affected 8.2.* 8.2.31 semver Not specified
CNA PHP Group PHP affected 8.3.* 8.3.31 semver Not specified
CNA PHP Group PHP affected 8.4.* 8.4.21 semver Not specified
CNA PHP Group PHP affected 8.5.* 8.5.6 semver Not specified

References

ReferenceSourceLinkTags
github.com/php/php-src/security/advisories/GHSA-w476-322c-wpvm [email protected] github.com
CVE Program record CVE.ORG www.cve.org canonical
NVD vulnerability detail NVD nvd.nist.gov canonical, analysis

Vendor Comments And Credit

Discovery Credit

CNA: Aleksey Solovev (Positive Technologies) (en)

CNA: Nikita Sveshnikov (Positive Technologies) (en)

CNA: Ilija Tovilo (en)

CNA: Arnaud Le Blanc (en)

CNA: Saki Takamachi (en)

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