CVE-2025-1686

Summary

CVECVE-2025-1686
StatePUBLISHED
Assignersnyk
Source PriorityCVE Program / NVD first with legacy fallback
Published2025-02-27 05:15:14 UTC
Updated2026-04-19 08:16:25 UTC
DescriptionVersions of the package io.pebbletemplates:pebble from 0 and before 4.1.0 are vulnerable to External Control of File Name or Path via the include tag. A high privileged attacker can access sensitive local files by crafting malicious notification templates that leverage this tag to include files like /etc/passwd or /proc/1/environ. Workaround This vulnerability can be mitigated by disabling the include macro in Pebble Templates: java new PebbleEngine.Builder() .registerExtensionCustomizer(new DisallowExtensionCustomizerBuilder() .disallowedTokenParserTags(List.of("include")) .build()) .build();

Risk And Classification

Primary CVSS: v4.0 6.1 MEDIUM from [email protected]

CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:N/SC:H/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X

EPSS: 0.002570000 probability, percentile 0.491200000 (date 2026-04-19)

Problem Types: CWE-73 | CWE-73 External Control of File Name or Path | CWE-73 CWE-73 External Control of File Name or Path


VersionSourceTypeScoreSeverityVector
4.0[email protected]Secondary6.1MEDIUMCVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:N/SC:H/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/C...
4.0CNADECLARED6.1MEDIUMCVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:N/SC:H/SI:N/SA:N/E:P
3.1[email protected]Primary4.9MEDIUMCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N
3.1[email protected]Secondary6.8MEDIUMCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:N/A:N
3.1CNADECLARED6.8MEDIUMCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:N/A:N/E:P

CVSS v4.0 Breakdown

Attack Vector
Network
Attack Complexity
Low
Attack Requirements
None
Privileges Required
High
User Interaction
None
Confidentiality
None
Integrity
None
Availability
None
Sub Conf.
High
Sub Integrity
None
Sub Availability
None

CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:N/SC:H/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X

CVSS v3.1 Breakdown

Attack Vector
Network
Attack Complexity
Low
Privileges Required
High
User Interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality
High
Integrity
None
Availability
None

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N

NVD Known Affected Configurations (CPE 2.3)

TypeVendorProductVersionUpdateEditionLanguage
Application Pebbletemplates Pebble All All All All

Vendor Declared Affected Products

SourceVendorProductVersionPlatforms
CNA Na Io.pebbletemplatespebble affected 4.1.0 semver Not specified

References

ReferenceSourceLinkTags
security.snyk.io/vuln/SNYK-JAVA-IOPEBBLETEMPLATES-8745594 134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0 security.snyk.io Exploit, Third Party Advisory
github.com/PebbleTemplates/pebble/pull/715 af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108 github.com
github.com/PebbleTemplates/pebble/commit/b3451c8f305a1a248fbcc2363fd307d... [email protected] github.com
github.com/PebbleTemplates/pebble/issues/688 [email protected] github.com Issue Tracking, Vendor Advisory
pebbletemplates.io/wiki/tag/include [email protected] pebbletemplates.io Product
github.com/PebbleTemplates/pebble/issues/680 [email protected] github.com Issue Tracking
CVE Program record CVE.ORG www.cve.org canonical
NVD vulnerability detail NVD nvd.nist.gov canonical, analysis

Vendor Comments And Credit

Discovery Credit

CNA: Jonathan Leitschuh (en)

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