usb: xhci: Apply the link chain quirk on NEC isoc endpoints

MITRE NVD CVE.ORG JSON API

Summary

CVECVE-2025-22022
StatePUBLISHED
AssignerLinux
Source PriorityCVE Program / NVD first with legacy fallback
Published2025-04-16 11:15:42 UTC
Updated2026-07-30 06:22:03 UTC
DescriptionIn the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: usb: xhci: Apply the link chain quirk on NEC isoc endpoints Two clearly different specimens of NEC uPD720200 (one with start/stop bug, one without) were seen to cause IOMMU faults after some Missed Service Errors. Faulting address is immediately after a transfer ring segment and patched dynamic debug messages revealed that the MSE was received when waiting for a TD near the end of that segment: [ 1.041954] xhci_hcd: Miss service interval error for slot 1 ep 2 expected TD DMA ffa08fe0 [ 1.042120] xhci_hcd: AMD-Vi: Event logged [IO_PAGE_FAULT domain=0x0005 address=0xffa09000 flags=0x0000] [ 1.042146] xhci_hcd: AMD-Vi: Event logged [IO_PAGE_FAULT domain=0x0005 address=0xffa09040 flags=0x0000] It gets even funnier if the next page is a ring segment accessible to the HC. Below, it reports MSE in segment at ff1e8000, plows through a zero-filled page at ff1e9000 and starts reporting events for TRBs in page at ff1ea000 every microframe, instead of jumping to seg ff1e6000. [ 7.041671] xhci_hcd: Miss service interval error for slot 1 ep 2 expected TD DMA ff1e8fe0 [ 7.041999] xhci_hcd: Miss service interval error for slot 1 ep 2 expected TD DMA ff1e8fe0 [ 7.042011] xhci_hcd: WARN: buffer overrun event for slot 1 ep 2 on endpoint [ 7.042028] xhci_hcd: All TDs skipped for slot 1 ep 2. Clear skip flag. [ 7.042134] xhci_hcd: WARN: buffer overrun event for slot 1 ep 2 on endpoint [ 7.042138] xhci_hcd: ERROR Transfer event TRB DMA ptr not part of current TD ep_index 2 comp_code 31 [ 7.042144] xhci_hcd: Looking for event-dma 00000000ff1ea040 trb-start 00000000ff1e6820 trb-end 00000000ff1e6820 [ 7.042259] xhci_hcd: WARN: buffer overrun event for slot 1 ep 2 on endpoint [ 7.042262] xhci_hcd: ERROR Transfer event TRB DMA ptr not part of current TD ep_index 2 comp_code 31 [ 7.042266] xhci_hcd: Looking for event-dma 00000000ff1ea050 trb-start 00000000ff1e6820 trb-end 00000000ff1e6820 At some point completion events change from Isoch Buffer Overrun to Short Packet and the HC finally finds cycle bit mismatch in ff1ec000. [ 7.098130] xhci_hcd: ERROR Transfer event TRB DMA ptr not part of current TD ep_index 2 comp_code 13 [ 7.098132] xhci_hcd: Looking for event-dma 00000000ff1ecc50 trb-start 00000000ff1e6820 trb-end 00000000ff1e6820 [ 7.098254] xhci_hcd: ERROR Transfer event TRB DMA ptr not part of current TD ep_index 2 comp_code 13 [ 7.098256] xhci_hcd: Looking for event-dma 00000000ff1ecc60 trb-start 00000000ff1e6820 trb-end 00000000ff1e6820 [ 7.098379] xhci_hcd: Overrun event on slot 1 ep 2 It's possible that data from the isochronous device were written to random buffers of pending TDs on other endpoints (either IN or OUT), other devices or even other HCs in the same IOMMU domain. Lastly, an error from a different USB device on another HC. Was it caused by the above? I don't know, but it may have been. The disk was working without any other issues and generated PCIe traffic to starve the NEC of upstream BW and trigger those MSEs. The two HCs shared one x1 slot by means of a commercial "PCIe splitter" board. [ 7.162604] usb 10-2: reset SuperSpeed USB device number 3 using xhci_hcd [ 7.178990] sd 9:0:0:0: [sdb] tag#0 UNKNOWN(0x2003) Result: hostbyte=0x07 driverbyte=DRIVER_OK cmd_age=0s [ 7.179001] sd 9:0:0:0: [sdb] tag#0 CDB: opcode=0x28 28 00 04 02 ae 00 00 02 00 00 [ 7.179004] I/O error, dev sdb, sector 67284480 op 0x0:(READ) flags 0x80700 phys_seg 5 prio class 0 Fortunately, it appears that this ridiculous bug is avoided by setting the chain bit of Link TRBs on isochronous rings. Other ancient HCs are known which also expect the bit to be set and they ignore Link TRBs if it's not. Reportedly, 0.95 spec guaranteed that the bit is set. The bandwidth-starved NEC HC running a 32KB/uframe UVC endpoint reports tens of MSEs per second and runs into the bug within seconds. Chaining Link TRBs allows the same workload to run for many minutes, many times. No ne ---truncated---

Risk And Classification

Primary CVSS: v3.1 7.8 HIGH from [email protected]

CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Problem Types: CWE-787

VersionSourceTypeScoreSeverityVector
3.1[email protected]Primary7.8HIGHCVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
3.1416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67Secondary7.8HIGHCVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
3.1CNADECLARED7.8HIGHCVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

CVSS v3.1 Breakdown

Attack Vector
Local
Attack Complexity
Low
Privileges Required
Low
User Interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality
High
Integrity
High
Availability
High

CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

NVD Known Affected Configurations (CPE 2.3)

TypeVendorProductVersionUpdateEditionLanguage
Operating System Linux Linux Kernel All All All All

Vendor Declared Affected Products

SourceVendorProductVersionPlatforms
CNA Linux Linux affected 7e393a834b41001174a8fb3ae3bc23a749467760 abf2df229b6a9172cc1827749c1a446d28e00a2e git Not specified
CNA Linux Linux affected 7e393a834b41001174a8fb3ae3bc23a749467760 8b586de6f03c850ff48d42e539b4708d1f3f8f1a git Not specified
CNA Linux Linux affected 7e393a834b41001174a8fb3ae3bc23a749467760 1143f790a6316201dc8f067eba4c94ea97ecb6ca git Not specified
CNA Linux Linux affected 7e393a834b41001174a8fb3ae3bc23a749467760 dbf427663ce272070d3004b5fca63a4a537d781c git Not specified
CNA Linux Linux affected 7e393a834b41001174a8fb3ae3bc23a749467760 a4931d9fb99eb5462f3eaa231999d279c40afb21 git Not specified
CNA Linux Linux affected 7e393a834b41001174a8fb3ae3bc23a749467760 43a18225150ce874d23b37761c302a5dffee1595 git Not specified
CNA Linux Linux affected 7e393a834b41001174a8fb3ae3bc23a749467760 061a1683bae6ef56ab8fa392725ba7495515cd1d git Not specified
CNA Linux Linux affected 7e393a834b41001174a8fb3ae3bc23a749467760 bb0ba4cb1065e87f9cc75db1fa454e56d0894d01 git Not specified
CNA Linux Linux affected 5c7a6982e976b381595c9d4ee8e8c94564a40aec git Not specified
CNA Linux Linux affected f12ea4a8ca7009fa2d54794c3fcb8e638453bcff git Not specified
CNA Linux Linux affected 3.0.9 3.1 semver Not specified
CNA Linux Linux affected 3.1.1 3.2 semver Not specified
CNA Linux Linux affected 3.2 Not specified
CNA Linux Linux unaffected 3.2 semver Not specified
CNA Linux Linux unaffected 5.10.248 5.10.* semver Not specified
CNA Linux Linux unaffected 5.15.198 5.15.* semver Not specified
CNA Linux Linux unaffected 6.1.160 6.1.* semver Not specified
CNA Linux Linux unaffected 6.6.120 6.6.* semver Not specified
CNA Linux Linux unaffected 6.12.22 6.12.* semver Not specified
CNA Linux Linux unaffected 6.13.10 6.13.* semver Not specified
CNA Linux Linux unaffected 6.14.1 6.14.* semver Not specified
CNA Linux Linux unaffected 6.15 * original_commit_for_fix Not specified

References

ReferenceSourceLinkTags
git.kernel.org/stable/c/1143f790a6316201dc8f067eba4c94ea97ecb6ca 416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67 git.kernel.org
git.kernel.org/stable/c/061a1683bae6ef56ab8fa392725ba7495515cd1d 416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67 git.kernel.org Patch
git.kernel.org/stable/c/43a18225150ce874d23b37761c302a5dffee1595 416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67 git.kernel.org Patch
git.kernel.org/stable/c/a4931d9fb99eb5462f3eaa231999d279c40afb21 416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67 git.kernel.org Patch
git.kernel.org/stable/c/bb0ba4cb1065e87f9cc75db1fa454e56d0894d01 416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67 git.kernel.org Patch
git.kernel.org/stable/c/dbf427663ce272070d3004b5fca63a4a537d781c 416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67 git.kernel.org
git.kernel.org/stable/c/8b586de6f03c850ff48d42e539b4708d1f3f8f1a 416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67 git.kernel.org
git.kernel.org/stable/c/abf2df229b6a9172cc1827749c1a446d28e00a2e 416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67 git.kernel.org
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