CVE-2025-49600

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Summary

CVECVE-2025-49600
StatePUBLISHED
Assignermitre
Source PriorityCVE Program / NVD first with legacy fallback
Published2025-07-04 15:15:22 UTC
Updated2026-06-05 19:38:32 UTC
DescriptionIn MbedTLS 3.3.0 before 3.6.4, mbedtls_lms_verify may accept invalid signatures if hash computation fails and internal errors go unchecked, enabling LMS (Leighton-Micali Signature) forgery in a fault scenario. Specifically, unchecked return values in mbedtls_lms_verify allow an attacker (who can induce a hardware hash accelerator fault) to bypass LMS signature verification by reusing stale stack data, resulting in acceptance of an invalid signature. In mbedtls_lms_verify, the return values of the internal Merkle tree functions create_merkle_leaf_value and create_merkle_internal_value are not checked. These functions return an integer that indicates whether the call succeeded or not. If a failure occurs, the output buffer (Tc_candidate_root_node) may remain uninitialized, and the result of the signature verification is unpredictable. When the software implementation of SHA-256 is used, these functions will not fail. However, with hardware-accelerated hashing, an attacker could use fault injection against the accelerator to bypass verification.

Risk And Classification

Primary CVSS: v3.1 4.9 MEDIUM from [email protected]

CVSS:3.1/AV:P/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:H/A:N

EPSS: 0.000460000 probability, percentile 0.147140000 (date 2026-06-11)

Problem Types: CWE-325 | CWE-325 CWE-325 Missing Cryptographic Step

VersionSourceTypeScoreSeverityVector
3.1[email protected]Secondary4.9MEDIUMCVSS:3.1/AV:P/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:H/A:N
3.1CNADECLARED4.9MEDIUMCVSS:3.1/AV:P/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:H/A:N

CVSS v3.1 Breakdown

Attack Vector
Physical
Attack Complexity
High
Privileges Required
None
User Interaction
None
Scope
Changed
Confidentiality
None
Integrity
High
Availability
None

CVSS:3.1/AV:P/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:H/A:N

NVD Known Affected Configurations (CPE 2.3)

TypeVendorProductVersionUpdateEditionLanguage
Application Trustedfirmware Mbed Tls All All All All

Vendor Declared Affected Products

SourceVendorProductVersionPlatforms
CNA Mbed Mbedtls affected 3.3.0 3.6.4 custom Not specified

References

ReferenceSourceLinkTags
github.com/Mbed-TLS/mbedtls-docs/blob/main/security-advisories/mbedtls-s... [email protected] github.com Third Party Advisory
CVE Program record CVE.ORG www.cve.org canonical
NVD vulnerability detail NVD nvd.nist.gov canonical, analysis
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