brace-expansion: DoS via uncontrolled recursion on nested brace groups causing stack exhaustion

MITRE NVD CVE.ORG JSON API

Summary

CVECVE-2026-102278
StatePUBLISHED
AssignerGitHub_M
Source PriorityCVE Program / NVD first with legacy fallback
Published2026-09-28 21:17:16 UTC
Updated2026-09-30 19:57:08 UTC
DescriptionThe brace-expansion library generates arbitrary strings containing a common prefix and suffix. Prior to 1.1.20, 2.1.6, 3.0.8, and 5.0.11, deeply nested brace groups cause expand_() to recurse once per nesting level at comma-member and single-set expansion sites, exhausting the native stack before output limits can apply and potentially terminating the Node.js process. expand_ performs uncontrolled recursion for nested brace alternatives and single-part sets. deeply nested brace groups supplied as an untrusted pattern. expand_ is affected. expand is affected. Comma members is affected. Single set is affected. native stack exhaustion during nested sub-expansion. process-terminating denial of service. This issue is fixed in versions 1.1.20, 2.1.6, 3.0.8, and 5.0.11.

Risk And Classification

Primary CVSS: v3.1 7.5 HIGH from [email protected]

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

EPSS: 0.003500000 probability, percentile 0.261550000 (date 2026-09-29)

Problem Types: CWE-400 | CWE-674 | CWE-400 CWE-400: Uncontrolled Resource Consumption | CWE-674 CWE-674: Uncontrolled Recursion

VersionSourceTypeScoreSeverityVector
3.1[email protected]Secondary7.5HIGHCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
3.1CNADECLARED7.5HIGHCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

CVSS v3.1 Breakdown

Attack Vector
Network
Attack Complexity
Low
Privileges Required
None
User Interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality
None
Integrity
None
Availability
High

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

Vendor Declared Affected Products

SourceVendorProductVersionPlatforms
CNA Juliangruber Brace-expansion affected >= 4.0.0, < 5.0.11 Not specified
CNA Juliangruber Brace-expansion affected >= 3.0.0, < 3.0.8 Not specified
CNA Juliangruber Brace-expansion affected >= 2.0.0, < 2.1.6 Not specified
CNA Juliangruber Brace-expansion affected < 1.1.20 Not specified

References

ReferenceSourceLinkTags
github.com/juliangruber/brace-expansion/security/advisories/GHSA-qhr7-85... [email protected] github.com
github.com/juliangruber/brace-expansion/commit/1efee7c397c191da6287a78ec... [email protected] github.com
github.com/juliangruber/brace-expansion/commit/de84f144e9816f30e25fc8179... [email protected] github.com
github.com/juliangruber/brace-expansion/commit/935d78f32f335b2ff76578e5c... [email protected] github.com
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