fpdf2: Exponential SVG '<use>' expansion causes CPU and memory exhaustion in 'FPDF.image()'

MITRE NVD CVE.ORG JSON API

Summary

CVECVE-2026-114610
StatePUBLISHED
AssignerGitHub_M
Source PriorityCVE Program / NVD first with legacy fallback
Published2026-10-22 18:17:28 UTC
Updated2026-10-22 18:17:28 UTC
Descriptionfpdf2 is a PDF creation library for Python. From 2.5.0 until 2.8.8, fpdf2's SVGObject.build_xref() passes nested SVG <use> references to GraphicsContext.add_item(), whose default clone=True deep-copy behavior copies the complete referenced graphics tree during FPDF.image() processing. Repeating references at each nesting level makes the in-memory object count and processing work grow exponentially, allowing a small user-controlled SVG to consume excessive CPU and memory, raise MemoryError, fail PDF generation jobs, and reduce or exhaust worker capacity. ResourceAccessPolicy does not prevent the issue because the references are inline and require no external resource, XML entity, local file, or permissive network setting. This issue is fixed in version 2.8.8.

Risk And Classification

Primary CVSS: v3.1 6.5 MEDIUM from [email protected]

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

Problem Types: CWE-400 | CWE-770 | CWE-400 CWE-400: Uncontrolled Resource Consumption | CWE-770 CWE-770: Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling

VersionSourceTypeScoreSeverityVector
3.1[email protected]Secondary6.5MEDIUMCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
3.1CNADECLARED6.5MEDIUMCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

CVSS v3.1 Breakdown

Attack Vector
Network
Attack Complexity
Low
Privileges Required
Low
User Interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality
None
Integrity
None
Availability
High

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

Vendor Declared Affected Products

SourceVendorProductVersionPlatforms
CNA Py-pdf Fpdf2 affected >= 2.5.0, < 2.8.8 Not specified

References

ReferenceSourceLinkTags
github.com/py-pdf/fpdf2/commit/d7bd1061205d50da6a541dadfdb9d66beb763f2f [email protected] github.com
github.com/py-pdf/fpdf2/security/advisories/GHSA-wqw6-wpr3-45rh [email protected] github.com
github.com/py-pdf/fpdf2/pull/1889 [email protected] github.com
github.com/py-pdf/fpdf2/releases/tag/2.8.8 [email protected] github.com
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