FreeSWITCH: Channel-variable injection via SIP REFER leads to command execution in mod_sofia

MITRE NVD CVE.ORG JSON API

Summary

CVECVE-2026-116786
StatePUBLISHED
AssignerGitHub_M
Source PriorityCVE Program / NVD first with legacy fallback
Published2026-11-05 20:17:45 UTC
Updated2026-11-09 19:16:42 UTC
DescriptionFreeSWITCH is a Software Defined Telecom Stack enabling the digital transformation from proprietary telecom switches to a software implementation that runs on any commodity hardware. Prior to 1.11.2, sofia_handle_sip_i_refer() placed raw Refer-To URI parameters and headers inside a sip_invite_params channel-variable block passed to switch_ivr_originate(). The originate parser treated a comma in the attacker-controlled value as a variable separator, allowing an authenticated caller on a bridged call to inject arbitrary variables into a newly originated leg. An injected execute_on_originate value could invoke the system dialplan application before answer and execute operating-system commands with the FreeSWITCH process privileges. SIP REFER is enabled by default, and the sender needs only a registered account and a call that takes the off-box transfer path, not administrative or Event Socket access. This issue is fixed in version 1.11.2.

Risk And Classification

Primary CVSS: v3.1 8.8 HIGH from [email protected]

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

EPSS: 0.004420000 probability, percentile 0.387240000 (date 2026-11-09)

Problem Types: CWE-77 | CWE-94 | CWE-77 CWE-77: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection') | CWE-94 CWE-94: Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')

VersionSourceTypeScoreSeverityVector
3.1[email protected]Secondary8.8HIGHCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
3.1CNADECLARED8.8HIGHCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

CVSS v3.1 Breakdown

Attack Vector
Network
Attack Complexity
Low
Privileges Required
Low
User Interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality
High
Integrity
High
Availability
High

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Vendor Declared Affected Products

SourceVendorProductVersionPlatforms
CNA Signalwire Freeswitch affected < 1.11.2 Not specified

References

ReferenceSourceLinkTags
github.com/signalwire/freeswitch/commit/fbac12b451a146fdac5104d25d337145... [email protected] github.com
github.com/signalwire/freeswitch/security/advisories/GHSA-xjxm-9qx6-w3fj [email protected] github.com
github.com/signalwire/freeswitch/releases/tag/v1.11.2 [email protected] github.com
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