BigQuery Dataset Allowlist Bypass via Metadata Dry-Run in MCP Toolbox

MITRE NVD CVE.ORG JSON API

Summary

CVECVE-2026-14538
StatePUBLISHED
AssignerGoogle
Source PriorityCVE Program / NVD first with legacy fallback
Published2026-07-31 02:16:28 UTC
Updated2026-08-08 00:25:01 UTC
DescriptionAn improper authorization and security-boundary bypass vulnerability in the bigquery-execute-sql tool component of Google mcp-toolbox versions 0.16.1 through 1.4.0 allows an authenticated attacker to bypass allowedDatasets validation checks. The toolbox relies on the BigQuery dry-run API to enforce dataset restrictions, but due to a fail-open logic flaw, it bypasses validation when the API returns an empty array for specialized constructs. This allows the attacker to extract structural DDL schemas for explicitly excluded datasets via INFORMATION_SCHEMA, and access downstream federated row data via EXTERNAL_QUERY connections.

Risk And Classification

Primary CVSS: v4.0 5.7 MEDIUM from [email protected]

CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:H/SI:N/SA:N/E:U/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X

EPSS: 0.001860000 probability, percentile 0.084080000 (date 2026-08-10)

Problem Types: CWE-285 | CWE-863 | CWE-285 CWE-285 (Improper Authorization) | CWE-863 CWE-863 (Incorrect Authorization)

VersionSourceTypeScoreSeverityVector
4.0[email protected]Secondary5.7MEDIUMCVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:H/SI:N/SA:N/E:U/C...
4.0CNACVSS5.7MEDIUMCVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:H/SI:N/SA:N/E:U
3.1[email protected]Primary7.7HIGHCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:N/A:N

CVSS v4.0 Breakdown

Attack Vector
Network
Attack Complexity
Low
Attack Requirements
None
Privileges Required
Low
User Interaction
None
Confidentiality
High
Integrity
None
Availability
None
Sub Conf.
High
Sub Integrity
None
Sub Availability
None

CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:H/SI:N/SA:N/E:U/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X

CVSS v3.1 Breakdown

Attack Vector
Network
Attack Complexity
Low
Privileges Required
Low
User Interaction
None
Scope
Changed
Confidentiality
High
Integrity
None
Availability
None

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:N/A:N

NVD Known Affected Configurations (CPE 2.3)

TypeVendorProductVersionUpdateEditionLanguage
Application Google Mcp Toolbox For Databases All All All All

Vendor Declared Affected Products

SourceVendorProductVersionPlatforms
CNA Google Mcp-toolbox affected 0.16.1 1.4.0 semver Not specified

References

ReferenceSourceLinkTags
github.com/googleapis/mcp-toolbox/pull/3452 [email protected] github.com Issue Tracking, Patch
CVE Program record CVE.ORG www.cve.org canonical
NVD vulnerability detail NVD nvd.nist.gov canonical, analysis

Vendor Comments And Credit

Discovery Credit

CNA: HE WEI (ギカク) (en)

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