OpenOLAT: Server-Side Template Injection (SSTI) in Velocity templates allows Remote Code Execution

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Summary

CVECVE-2026-28228
StatePUBLISHED
AssignerGitHub_M
Source PriorityCVE Program / NVD first with legacy fallback
Published2026-03-30 21:17:08 UTC
Updated2026-04-01 14:24:02 UTC
DescriptionOpenOlat is an open source web-based e-learning platform for teaching, learning, assessment and communication. Prior to versions 19.1.31, 20.1.18, and 20.2.5, an authenticated user with the Author role can inject Velocity directives into a reminder email template. When the reminder is processed (either triggered manually or via the daily cron job), the injected directives are evaluated server-side. By chaining Velocity's #set directive with Java reflection, an attacker can instantiate arbitrary Java classes such as java.lang.ProcessBuilder and execute operating system commands with the privileges of the Tomcat process (typically root in containerized deployments). This issue has been patched in versions 19.1.31, 20.1.18, and 20.2.5.

Risk And Classification

Primary CVSS: v3.1 8.8 HIGH from [email protected]

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

EPSS: 0.000470000 probability, percentile 0.146370000 (date 2026-04-01)

Problem Types: CWE-1336 | CWE-1336 CWE-1336: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements Used in a Template Engine

VersionSourceTypeScoreSeverityVector
3.1[email protected]Secondary8.8HIGHCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
3.1CNADECLARED8.8HIGHCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

CVSS v3.1 Breakdown

Attack Vector
Network
Attack Complexity
Low
Privileges Required
Low
User Interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality
High
Integrity
High
Availability
High

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Vendor Declared Affected Products

SourceVendorProductVersionPlatforms
CNA OpenOLAT OpenOLAT affected < 19.1.31 Not specified
CNA OpenOLAT OpenOLAT affected < 20.1.18 Not specified
CNA OpenOLAT OpenOLAT affected < 20.2.5 Not specified

References

ReferenceSourceLinkTags
github.com/OpenOLAT/OpenOLAT/security/advisories/GHSA-55qg-vvgj-ffh4 [email protected] github.com
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