Forge has signature forgery in Ed25519 due to missing S > L check

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Summary

CVECVE-2026-33895
StatePUBLISHED
AssignerGitHub_M
Source PriorityCVE Program / NVD first with legacy fallback
Published2026-03-27 21:17:26 UTC
Updated2026-03-31 20:16:27 UTC
DescriptionForge (also called `node-forge`) is a native implementation of Transport Layer Security in JavaScript. Prior to version 1.4.0, Ed25519 signature verification accepts forged non-canonical signatures where the scalar S is not reduced modulo the group order (`S >= L`). A valid signature and its `S + L` variant both verify in forge, while Node.js `crypto.verify` (OpenSSL-backed) rejects the `S + L` variant, as defined by the specification. This class of signature malleability has been exploited in practice to bypass authentication and authorization logic (see CVE-2026-25793, CVE-2022-35961). Applications relying on signature uniqueness (i.e., dedup by signature bytes, replay tracking, signed-object canonicalization checks) may be bypassed. Version 1.4.0 patches the issue.

Risk And Classification

Primary CVSS: v3.1 7.5 HIGH from [email protected]

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N

EPSS: 0.000350000 probability, percentile 0.101070000 (date 2026-04-01)

Problem Types: CWE-347 | CWE-347 CWE-347: Improper Verification of Cryptographic Signature

VersionSourceTypeScoreSeverityVector
3.1[email protected]Secondary7.5HIGHCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N
3.1CNADECLARED7.5HIGHCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N

CVSS v3.1 Breakdown

Attack Vector
Network
Attack Complexity
Low
Privileges Required
None
User Interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality
None
Integrity
High
Availability
None

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N

Vendor Declared Affected Products

SourceVendorProductVersionPlatforms
CNA Digitalbazaar Forge affected < 1.4.0 Not specified

References

ReferenceSourceLinkTags
datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc8032 [email protected] datatracker.ietf.org
github.com/digitalbazaar/forge/security/advisories/GHSA-q67f-28xg-22rw 134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0 github.com
github.com/digitalbazaar/forge/commit/bdecf11571c9f1a487cc0fe72fe78ff6df... [email protected] github.com
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