Firebird: Path Traversal + Arbitrary File Write Leads to Remote Code Execution

MITRE NVD CVE.ORG JSON API Print: PDF PDF

Summary

CVECVE-2026-40342
StatePUBLISHED
AssignerGitHub_M
Source PriorityCVE Program / NVD first with legacy fallback
Published2026-04-17 20:16:35 UTC
Updated2026-04-17 20:16:35 UTC
DescriptionFirebird is an open-source relational database management system. In versions prior to 5.0.4, 4.0.7 and 3.0.14, the external engine plugin loader concatenates a user-supplied engine name into a filesystem path without filtering path separators or .. components. An authenticated user with CREATE FUNCTION privileges can use a crafted ENGINE name to load an arbitrary shared library from anywhere on the filesystem via path traversal. The library's initialization code executes immediately during loading, before Firebird validates the module, achieving code execution as the server's OS account. This issue has been fixed in versions 5.0.4, 4.0.7 and 3.0.14.

Risk And Classification

Primary CVSS: v3.1 9.9 CRITICAL from [email protected]

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H

Problem Types: CWE-22 | CWE-73 | CWE-94 | CWE-427 | CWE-22 CWE-22: Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal') | CWE-427 CWE-427: Uncontrolled Search Path Element | CWE-73 CWE-73: External Control of File Name or Path | CWE-94 CWE-94: Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')

VersionSourceTypeScoreSeverityVector
3.1[email protected]Secondary9.9CRITICALCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H
3.1CNADECLARED10CRITICALCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H

CVSS v3.1 Breakdown

Attack Vector
Network
Attack Complexity
Low
Privileges Required
Low
User Interaction
None
Scope
Changed
Confidentiality
High
Integrity
High
Availability
High

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H

Vendor Declared Affected Products

SourceVendorProductVersionPlatforms
CNA FirebirdSQL Firebird affected < 3.0.14 Not specified
CNA FirebirdSQL Firebird affected >= 4.0.0, < 4.0.7 Not specified
CNA FirebirdSQL Firebird affected >= 5.0.0, < 5.0.4 Not specified

References

ReferenceSourceLinkTags
github.com/FirebirdSQL/firebird/releases/tag/v5.0.4 [email protected] github.com
github.com/FirebirdSQL/firebird/releases/tag/v4.0.7 [email protected] github.com
github.com/FirebirdSQL/firebird/releases/tag/v3.0.14 [email protected] github.com
github.com/FirebirdSQL/firebird/security/advisories/GHSA-7pxc-h3rv-r257 [email protected] github.com
CVE Program record CVE.ORG www.cve.org canonical
NVD vulnerability detail NVD nvd.nist.gov canonical, analysis
© CVE.report 2026 |

Use of this information constitutes acceptance for use in an AS IS condition. There are NO warranties, implied or otherwise, with regard to this information or its use. Any use of this information is at the user's risk. It is the responsibility of user to evaluate the accuracy, completeness or usefulness of any information, opinion, advice or other content. EACH USER WILL BE SOLELY RESPONSIBLE FOR ANY consequences of his or her direct or indirect use of this web site. ALL WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND ARE EXPRESSLY DISCLAIMED. This site will NOT BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT or any other kind of loss.

CVE, CWE, and OVAL are registred trademarks of The MITRE Corporation and the authoritative source of CVE content is MITRE's CVE web site. This site includes MITRE data granted under the following license.

Free CVE JSON API cve.report/api

CVE.report and Source URL Uptime Status status.cve.report