Zebra: Cached Mempool Verification Bypasses Consensus Rules for Ahead-of-Tip Blocks

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Summary

CVECVE-2026-40880
StatePUBLISHED
AssignerGitHub_M
Source PriorityCVE Program / NVD first with legacy fallback
Published2026-04-21 20:17:01 UTC
Updated2026-04-22 21:24:26 UTC
DescriptionZEBRA is a Zcash node written entirely in Rust. Prior to zebrad version 4.3.1 and zebra-consensus version 5.0.2, a logic error in Zebra's transaction verification cache could allow a malicious miner to induce a consensus split. By carefully submitting a transaction that is valid for height H+1 but invalid for H+2 and then mining that transaction in a block at height H+2, a miner could cause vulnerable Zebra nodes to accept an invalid block, leading to a consensus split from the rest of the Zcash network. This vulnerability is fixed in zebrad version 4.3.1 and zebra-consensus version 5.0.2.

Risk And Classification

Primary CVSS: v4.0 7.2 HIGH from [email protected]

CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:H/SA:H/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X

Problem Types: CWE-1025 | CWE-1025 CWE-1025: Comparison Using Wrong Factors

VersionSourceTypeScoreSeverityVector
4.0[email protected]Secondary7.2HIGHCVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:H/SA:H/E:X/C...
4.0CNADECLARED7.2HIGHCVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:H/SA:H

CVSS v4.0 Breakdown

Attack Vector
Network
Attack Complexity
Low
Attack Requirements
Present
Privileges Required
Low
User Interaction
None
Confidentiality
None
Integrity
High
Availability
High
Sub Conf.
None
Sub Integrity
High
Sub Availability
High

CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:H/SA:H/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X

Vendor Declared Affected Products

SourceVendorProductVersionPlatforms
CNA ZcashFoundation Zebrad affected < 4.3.1 Not specified
CNA ZcashFoundation Zebra-consensus affected < 5.0.2 Not specified

References

ReferenceSourceLinkTags
github.com/ZcashFoundation/zebra/security/advisories/GHSA-xvj8-ph7x-65gf [email protected] github.com
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