vLLM: Security Check Bypass via assert Statement in Activation Function Loading Allows Arbitrary Code Execution

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Summary

CVECVE-2026-41523
StatePUBLISHED
AssignerGitHub_M
Source PriorityCVE Program / NVD first with legacy fallback
Published2026-06-22 23:16:30 UTC
Updated2026-06-23 15:01:44 UTC
DescriptionvLLM is an inference and serving engine for large language models (LLMs). Prior to 0.22.0, an assert-based security check in vLLM's activation function loading allows any unauthenticated attacker to achieve arbitrary code execution on the server by publishing a malicious HuggingFace model, when vLLM runs in Python optimized mode (python -O or PYTHONOPTIMIZE=1). This vulnerability is fixed in 0.22.0.

Risk And Classification

Primary CVSS: v3.1 7.5 HIGH from [email protected]

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Problem Types: CWE-94 | CWE-617 | CWE-94 CWE-94: Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection') | CWE-617 CWE-617: Reachable Assertion

VersionSourceTypeScoreSeverityVector
3.1[email protected]Secondary7.5HIGHCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
3.1CNADECLARED7.5HIGHCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

CVSS v3.1 Breakdown

Attack Vector
Network
Attack Complexity
High
Privileges Required
None
User Interaction
Required
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality
High
Integrity
High
Availability
High

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Vendor Declared Affected Products

SourceVendorProductVersionPlatforms
CNA Vllm-project Vllm affected < 0.22.0 Not specified

References

ReferenceSourceLinkTags
github.com/vllm-project/vllm/security/advisories/GHSA-q8gq-377p-jq3r [email protected] github.com
huntr.com/bounties/dcb05b04-e625-41e7-adbc-bbae0cc2d64c [email protected] huntr.com
github.com/vllm-project/vllm/commit/b3c7ffcab82c2439726f8cb213800f6f38c0... [email protected] github.com
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