Vowpal Wabbit: Shell injection via crafted PR title in python_checks.yml allows arbitrary command execution on CI runner

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Summary

CVECVE-2026-44723
StatePUBLISHED
AssignerGitHub_M
Source PriorityCVE Program / NVD first with legacy fallback
Published2026-05-26 17:16:46 UTC
Updated2026-05-28 14:16:21 UTC
DescriptionVowpal Wabbit is a machine learning system. The workflow .github/workflows/python_checks.yml embeds ${{ github.event.pull_request.title }} directly inside double-quoted bash strings in four separate steps across four jobs, each passing it as a CLI argument to the Python test script run_tests_model_gen_and_load.py. The shell interprets the expanded string before invoking Python, allowing an attacker to break out of the quotes and execute arbitrary commands on the runner. The pull_request trigger fires on PRs targeting any branch (branches: ['*']), with no additional access gate. This vulnerability is fixed by the 998e390e80a7e8192d7849b7784bc113dbd190ad commit.

Risk And Classification

Primary CVSS: v3.1 5 MEDIUM from [email protected]

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:N/A:N

EPSS: 0.000330000 probability, percentile 0.098970000 (date 2026-05-27)

Problem Types: CWE-78 | CWE-1336 | CWE-78 CWE-78: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection') | CWE-1336 CWE-1336: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements Used in a Template Engine

VersionSourceTypeScoreSeverityVector
3.1[email protected]Secondary5MEDIUMCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:N/A:N
3.1CNADECLARED5MEDIUMCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:N/A:N

CVSS v3.1 Breakdown

Attack Vector
Network
Attack Complexity
Low
Privileges Required
Low
User Interaction
None
Scope
Changed
Confidentiality
Low
Integrity
None
Availability
None

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:N/A:N

Vendor Declared Affected Products

SourceVendorProductVersionPlatforms
CNA VowpalWabbit Vowpal Wabbit affected < 998e390e80a7e8192d7849b7784bc113dbd190ad Not specified

References

ReferenceSourceLinkTags
github.com/VowpalWabbit/vowpal_wabbit/security/advisories/GHSA-cg2g-xgg7... 134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0 github.com
github.com/VowpalWabbit/vowpal_wabbit/commit/998e390e80a7e8192d7849b7784... [email protected] github.com
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