brace-expansion: Large numeric range defeats documented `max` DoS protection

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Summary

CVECVE-2026-45149
StatePUBLISHED
AssignerGitHub_M
Source PriorityCVE Program / NVD first with legacy fallback
Published2026-05-29 20:16:25 UTC
Updated2026-06-03 20:13:55 UTC
DescriptionThe brace-expansion library generates arbitrary strings containing a common prefix and suffix. From 5.0.0 to before 5.0.6, the max option was being applied too late. When expanding a single large numeric range like {1..10000000}, the sequence generation loop generates all 10 million intermediate elements before the max limit is applied With max=10, the output is correctly limited to 10 items, but the process still allocates ~505 MB and spends ~800ms building the full intermediate array. This vulnerability is fixed in 5.0.6.

Risk And Classification

Primary CVSS: v3.1 7.5 HIGH from [email protected]

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

EPSS: 0.000340000 probability, percentile 0.104290000 (date 2026-06-03)

Problem Types: CWE-400 | CWE-400 CWE-400: Uncontrolled Resource Consumption

VersionSourceTypeScoreSeverityVector
3.1[email protected]Primary7.5HIGHCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
3.1[email protected]Secondary6.5MEDIUMCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
3.1CNADECLARED6.5MEDIUMCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

CVSS v3.1 Breakdown

Attack Vector
Network
Attack Complexity
Low
Privileges Required
None
User Interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality
None
Integrity
None
Availability
High

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

NVD Known Affected Configurations (CPE 2.3)

TypeVendorProductVersionUpdateEditionLanguage
Application Juliangruber Brace-expansion All All All All

Vendor Declared Affected Products

SourceVendorProductVersionPlatforms
CNA Juliangruber Brace-expansion affected >= 5.0.0, < 5.0.6 Not specified

References

ReferenceSourceLinkTags
github.com/juliangruber/brace-expansion/security/advisories/GHSA-jxxr-4g... [email protected] github.com Mitigation, Vendor Advisory
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