NASA AMMOS Instrument Toolkit: Path traversal resulting in arbitrary file append (can be triggered over the network by unauthenticated attacker)

Summary

CVE	CVE-2026-47731
State	PUBLISHED
Assigner	GitHub_M
Source Priority	CVE Program / NVD first with legacy fallback
Published	2026-07-21 22:17:13 UTC
Updated	2026-07-22 15:17:18 UTC
Description	The AMMOS Instrument Toolkit (Formerly the Bespoke Links to Instruments for Surface and Space (BLISS)) is a Python-based software suite developed to handle Ground Data System (GDS), Electronic Ground Support Equipment (EGSE), commanding, telemetry uplink/downlink, and sequencing for instrument and CubeSat Missions. In versions prior to 2.6.1 and in version 3.1.0, the Binary Stream Capture (BSC) component exposes an unauthenticated HTTP API for dynamically creating packet capture "handlers." Because the code blindly trusts path‑related form fields, a remote client can bypass the configured log root and direct BSC to log to arbitrary filesystem paths (path traversal / directory escape), and append attacker‑controlled data to those files, using the privileges of the`ait-bsc` process. There are two ways for a remote attacker to trigger this. First, if the attacker has access to the network where `ait-bsc` is deployed (a reason for that could be that the ports are publicly accessible), the payloads can be directly sent to the server to trigger the arbitrary file append. This type of attack is demonstrated in `python_poc.py`. Second, even if the attacker does not have direct access to the network because the software is running in a local network, it is possible to exploit this if a bad actor in that network opens an attacker-controlled website (which might be a website created by an attacker, or a third-party website compromised by the attacker). The browser javascript can automatically send the requests necessary to exploit this into the local network. This is even possible if the server is only accessible on `localhost`. This type of attack is demonstrated by `attacker_tcp.py` and `test1.html` (first launch the attacker TCP server, then start a webserver to host `test1.html`, for example using `python3 -m http.server 7000`, and open `test1.html`).This issue affects BSC (Binary Stream Capture) and usage of the ait-bsc server. This impacts AIT-Core versions before 3.1.1, from 2.x before 2.6.1. Users are recommended to upgrade to version 3.1.1 or 2.6.1.

Risk And Classification

Primary CVSS: v3.1 9.1 CRITICAL from [email protected]

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:H

EPSS: 0.008040000 probability, percentile 0.529310000 (date 2026-07-22)

Problem Types: CWE-22 | CWE-22 CWE-22: Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')

Version	Source	Type	Score	Severity	Vector
3.1	[email protected]	Secondary	9.1	CRITICAL	`CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:H`
3.1	CNA	DECLARED	9.1	CRITICAL	`CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:H`

CVSS v3.1 Breakdown

Attack Vector

Network

Attack Complexity

Low

Privileges Required

None

User Interaction

None

Scope

Unchanged

Confidentiality

None

Integrity

High

Availability

High

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:H

Vendor Declared Affected Products

Source	Vendor	Product	Version	Platforms
CNA	NASA-AMMOS	AIT-Core	affected < 2.6.1	Not specified
CNA	NASA-AMMOS	AIT-Core	affected = 3.1.0	Not specified

References

Reference	Source	Link	Tags
github.com/NASA-AMMOS/AIT-Core/security/advisories/GHSA-p462-prxw-mjx4	134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0	github.com
github.com/NASA-AMMOS/AIT-Core/releases/tag/2.6.1	[email protected]	github.com
github.com/NASA-AMMOS/AIT-Core/releases/tag/3.1.1	[email protected]	github.com
CVE Program record	CVE.ORG	www.cve.org	canonical
NVD vulnerability detail	NVD	nvd.nist.gov	canonical, analysis

No vendor comments have been submitted for this CVE.

There are currently no legacy QID mappings associated with this CVE.