Pterodactyl's improper JWT scoping allows subuser to upload files when not explicitly granted `file.create` permissions

MITRE NVD CVE.ORG JSON API

Summary

CVECVE-2026-54593
StatePUBLISHED
AssignerGitHub_M
Source PriorityCVE Program / NVD first with legacy fallback
Published2026-07-28 16:19:00 UTC
Updated2026-07-30 19:29:19 UTC
DescriptionPterodactyl is a free, open-source game server management panel. Prior to Panel version 1.12.3 and Wings version 1.12.2, the Wings /upload/file endpoint accepted any valid panel-signed JWT that contained server_uuid, user_uuid, and unique_id claims without checking the token's intended purpose; because the Panel issues JWTs carrying those same claims for lower-privilege operations such as WebSocket authentication and file-download links, an authenticated subuser could reuse one of those tokens (for example a WebSocket token obtained with only the websocket.connect permission) by replaying it against /upload/file to write arbitrary files to the same server, despite never being granted the file.create permission. This issue is fixed in Panel version 1.12.3 and Wings version 1.12.2.

Risk And Classification

Primary CVSS: v3.1 8.1 HIGH from [email protected]

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:H

EPSS: 0.003570000 probability, percentile 0.284500000 (date 2026-08-01)

Problem Types: CWE-1259 | CWE-1270 | CWE-1259 CWE-1259: Improper Restriction of Security Token Assignment | CWE-1270 CWE-1270: Generation of Incorrect Security Tokens

VersionSourceTypeScoreSeverityVector
3.1[email protected]Secondary8.1HIGHCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:H
3.1CNADECLARED8.1HIGHCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:H

CVSS v3.1 Breakdown

Attack Vector
Network
Attack Complexity
Low
Privileges Required
Low
User Interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality
None
Integrity
High
Availability
High

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:H

Vendor Declared Affected Products

SourceVendorProductVersionPlatforms
CNA Pterodactyl Panel affected < 1.12.3 Not specified

References

ReferenceSourceLinkTags
github.com/pterodactyl/wings/commit/d0ddc80844479302abdaf9654de3bacd511c... [email protected] github.com
github.com/pterodactyl/panel/commit/7ffcd636310bb72b54bac3280d2a15e727fe... [email protected] github.com
github.com/pterodactyl/panel/security/advisories/GHSA-8r6w-3qq5-4p4r [email protected] github.com
github.com/pterodactyl/panel/pull/5636 [email protected] github.com
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