Plaintext APPLICATION_DATA injected during TLS handshake delivered to client application post-handshake in ssl

MITRE NVD CVE.ORG JSON API

Summary

CVECVE-2026-54891
StatePUBLISHED
AssignerEEF
Source PriorityCVE Program / NVD first with legacy fallback
Published2026-07-02 17:17:02 UTC
Updated2026-07-07 14:46:21 UTC
DescriptionImproper Enforcement of Message Integrity During Transmission in a Communication Channel vulnerability in Erlang/OTP ssl (tls_gen_connection module) allows a network-positioned attacker to inject unauthenticated plaintext that the TLS client application later treats as authenticated server data. The function tls_gen_connection:handle_protocol_record/3 rejects APPLICATION_DATA records that arrive in pre-handshake states when the TLS endpoint acts as a server, but does not apply the same check when the endpoint acts as a client. A network-positioned attacker can send plaintext APPLICATION_DATA records to the client during the handshake. The records are buffered and, once the handshake completes successfully, delivered to the application as if they were authenticated post-handshake data. The attacker cannot observe the client's response or steer the connection, so the impact is limited to blind injection of unauthenticated bytes. The injection window is wider for TLS versions prior to TLS 1.3 than for TLS 1.3. This vulnerability is associated with program file lib/ssl/src/tls_gen_connection.erl. This issue affects OTP from OTP 17.0 before 29.0.3, 28.5.0.3 and 27.3.4.14 corresponding to ssl from 5.3.4 before 11.7.3, 11.6.0.3 and 11.2.12.10. TLS 1.3 is affected starting with OTP 22.0, when TLS 1.3 support was added.

Risk And Classification

Primary CVSS: v4.0 6.3 MEDIUM from 6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db

CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X

EPSS: 0.001640000 probability, percentile 0.059280000 (date 2026-07-05)

Problem Types: CWE-924 | CWE-924 CWE-924 Improper Enforcement of Message Integrity During Transmission in a Communication Channel

VersionSourceTypeScoreSeverityVector
4.06b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49dbSecondary6.3MEDIUMCVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/C...
4.0CNACVSS6.3MEDIUMCVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
3.1[email protected]Primary3.7LOWCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N

CVSS v4.0 Breakdown

Attack Vector
Network
Attack Complexity
High
Attack Requirements
Present
Privileges Required
None
User Interaction
None
Confidentiality
None
Integrity
Low
Availability
None
Sub Conf.
None
Sub Integrity
None
Sub Availability
None

CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X

CVSS v3.1 Breakdown

Attack Vector
Network
Attack Complexity
High
Privileges Required
None
User Interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality
None
Integrity
Low
Availability
None

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N

NVD Known Affected Configurations (CPE 2.3)

TypeVendorProductVersionUpdateEditionLanguage
Application Erlang Erlang/otp All All All All

Vendor Declared Affected Products

SourceVendorProductVersionPlatforms
CNA Erlang OTP affected 5.3.4 * otp Not specified
CNA Erlang OTP affected 17.0 * otp Not specified
CNA Erlang OTP affected 84adefa331c4159d432d22840663c38f155cd4c1 07d2d0e93f6aaf7652a81e8df075fc1728da5e96 git Not specified

References

ReferenceSourceLinkTags
github.com/erlang/otp/security/advisories/GHSA-gf6r-99xw-6qg6 6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db github.com Vendor Advisory
www.erlang.org/doc/system/versions.html 6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db www.erlang.org Release Notes
github.com/erlang/otp/commit/07d2d0e93f6aaf7652a81e8df075fc1728da5e96 6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db github.com Patch
osv.dev/vulnerability/EEF-CVE-2026-54891 6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db osv.dev Third Party Advisory
cna.erlef.org/cves/CVE-2026-54891.html 6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db cna.erlef.org Vendor Advisory
CVE Program record CVE.ORG www.cve.org canonical
NVD vulnerability detail NVD nvd.nist.gov canonical, analysis

Vendor Comments And Credit

Discovery Credit

CNA: Lukas Backström (en)

CNA: Ingela Anderton Andin (en)

CNA: Dan Gudmundsson (en)

CNA: Jakub Witczak (en)

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