Phalcon Volt compiler `join` filter compile-time PHP code injection (SSTI lead to RCE)

MITRE NVD CVE.ORG JSON API

Summary

CVECVE-2026-59989
StatePUBLISHED
AssignerGitHub_M
Source PriorityCVE Program / NVD first with legacy fallback
Published2026-08-21 21:17:00 UTC
Updated2026-08-21 21:17:00 UTC
DescriptionPhalcon is a high-performance, full-stack PHP framework. In 5.15.0 and earlier, resolveFilter in phalcon/Mvc/View/Engine/Volt/Compiler.zep builds the join filter by inserting the raw separator and array token values into generated PHP without passing them through expression(). An attacker who can influence Volt template source can place quote-breaking content in a join argument, inject PHP into the compiled cache file, and execute it when Phalcon\Mvc\View\Engine\Volt::render() loads the template. This issue is fixed in version 5.16.0.

Risk And Classification

Primary CVSS: v4.0 9.2 CRITICAL from [email protected]

CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X

Problem Types: CWE-94 | CWE-1336 | CWE-94 CWE-94: Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection') | CWE-1336 CWE-1336: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements Used in a Template Engine

VersionSourceTypeScoreSeverityVector
4.0[email protected]Secondary9.2CRITICALCVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/C...
4.0CNADECLARED9.2CRITICALCVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

CVSS v4.0 Breakdown

Attack Vector
Network
Attack Complexity
Low
Attack Requirements
Present
Privileges Required
None
User Interaction
None
Confidentiality
High
Integrity
High
Availability
High
Sub Conf.
None
Sub Integrity
None
Sub Availability
None

CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X

Vendor Declared Affected Products

SourceVendorProductVersionPlatforms
CNA Phalcon Cphalcon affected < 5.16.0 Not specified

References

ReferenceSourceLinkTags
github.com/phalcon/cphalcon/pull/17217 [email protected] github.com
github.com/phalcon/cphalcon/releases/tag/v5.16.0 [email protected] github.com
github.com/phalcon/cphalcon/commit/e434061be3b7161930476c1368c868badc71e1bd [email protected] github.com
github.com/phalcon/cphalcon/security/advisories/GHSA-hrwp-4hh9-c8r8 [email protected] github.com
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