Apache Calcite Avatica: Unrestricted class initialization when instantiating plugins

MITRE NVD CVE.ORG JSON API

Summary

CVECVE-2026-70410
StatePUBLISHED
Assignerapache
Source PriorityCVE Program / NVD first with legacy fallback
Published2026-09-22 16:17:52 UTC
Updated2026-09-22 20:17:05 UTC
DescriptionUse of Externally-Controlled Input to Select Classes or Code ('Unsafe Reflection') vulnerability in Apache Calcite Avatica. Plugin instantiation (via AvaticaUtils#instantiatePlugin and other methods) initializes arbitrary classes via unrestricted calls to Class.forName(String) which by default triggers initialization. This may lead to the execution of static initializer blocks in arbitrary classes present in the classpath. The instantiation APIs should initialize and instantiate only classes implementing the specified plugin interface passed as input in conjunction with the desired classname. At the moment of writing, there are no well-known or widely used classes with dangerous static initializer blocks so the severity is low. This issue affects Apache Calcite Avatica: before 1.29.0. Users are recommended to upgrade to version 1.29.0, which fixes the issue.

Risk And Classification

Primary CVSS: v3.1 8.8 HIGH from ADP

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

EPSS: 0.006380000 probability, percentile 0.491950000 (date 2026-09-23)

Problem Types: CWE-470 | CWE-470 CWE-470 Use of Externally-Controlled Input to Select Classes or Code ('Unsafe Reflection')

VersionSourceTypeScoreSeverityVector
3.1ADPDECLARED8.8HIGHCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
3.1134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0Secondary8.8HIGHCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

CVSS v3.1 Breakdown

Attack Vector
Network
Attack Complexity
Low
Privileges Required
Low
User Interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality
High
Integrity
High
Availability
High

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Vendor Declared Affected Products

SourceVendorProductVersionPlatforms
CNA Apache Software Foundation Apache Calcite Avatica affected 1.29.0 semver Not specified

References

ReferenceSourceLinkTags
lists.apache.org/thread/07vwvsnbskhf5kvksn5t5l9qjozv2rk4 [email protected] lists.apache.org
CVE Program record CVE.ORG www.cve.org canonical
NVD vulnerability detail NVD nvd.nist.gov canonical, analysis

Vendor Comments And Credit

Discovery Credit

CNA: tinyb0y (en)

CNA: ReturnZero (en)

CNA: n0mi1k (en)

CNA: Yan Xu (en)

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