Apache WSS4J: UsernameToken replay protection bypassed by re-encoding the Nonce

MITRE NVD CVE.ORG JSON API

Summary

CVECVE-2026-92899
StatePUBLISHED
Assignerapache
Source PriorityCVE Program / NVD first with legacy fallback
Published2026-09-30 13:17:21 UTC
Updated2026-09-30 16:14:10 UTC
DescriptionApache WSS4J remembers the Nonce of each UsernameToken it accepts, so a captured token cannot be reused. It stored the Nonce as raw base64 text, but authentication decodes that text and uses the bytes.The same bytes can be written as base64 in several ways. An attacker who captured an authenticated request could re-send it with a space added to the Nonce: the password digest still verified, but the token no longer matched the remembered one, so the replay was accepted. Since a UsernameToken does not cover the message body, the captured token could then be reused on requests of the attacker's choosing until it expired. Affects deployments with a nonce replay cache configured, as Apache CXF has by default, and only tokens using a password digest. The cache is now keyed on the decoded Nonce. Users are recommended to upgrade to versions 4.0.2 or 3.0.6 or 2.4.4, which fix this issue.

Risk And Classification

Primary CVSS: v3.1 4.8 MEDIUM from ADP

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N

Problem Types: CWE-290 | CWE-290 CWE-290 Authentication Bypass by Spoofing

VersionSourceTypeScoreSeverityVector
3.1ADPDECLARED4.8MEDIUMCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N
3.1134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0Secondary4.8MEDIUMCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N

CVSS v3.1 Breakdown

Attack Vector
Network
Attack Complexity
High
Privileges Required
None
User Interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality
Low
Integrity
Low
Availability
None

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N

Vendor Declared Affected Products

SourceVendorProductVersionPlatforms
CNA Apache Software Foundation Apache WSS4J affected 4.0.0 4.0.2 semver Not specified
CNA Apache Software Foundation Apache WSS4J affected 3.0.0 3.0.6 semver Not specified
CNA Apache Software Foundation Apache WSS4J affected 2.4.4 semver Not specified

References

ReferenceSourceLinkTags
lists.apache.org/thread.html/nrzngsz1xm2lztq3t873663xx9wnrwm7 [email protected] lists.apache.org
www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2026/09/30/13 af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108 www.openwall.com
CVE Program record CVE.ORG www.cve.org canonical
NVD vulnerability detail NVD nvd.nist.gov canonical, analysis

Vendor Comments And Credit

Discovery Credit

CNA: Reported by n0mi1k (en)

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