{"api_version":"1","generated_at":"2026-04-08T12:43:59+00:00","cve":"CVE-2023-23940","urls":{"html":"https://cve.report/CVE-2023-23940","api":"https://cve.report/api/cve/CVE-2023-23940.json","docs":"https://cve.report/api","cve_org":"https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-23940","nvd":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-23940"},"summary":{"title":"CVE-2023-23940","description":"OpenZeppelin Contracts for Cairo is a library for secure smart contract development written in Cairo for StarkNet, a decentralized ZK Rollup. `is_valid_eth_signature` is missing a call to `finalize_keccak` after calling `verify_eth_signature`. As a result, any contract using `is_valid_eth_signature` from the account library (such as the `EthAccount` preset) is vulnerable to a malicious sequencer. Specifically, the malicious sequencer would be able to bypass signature validation to impersonate an instance of these accounts. The issue has been patched in 0.6.1.","state":"PUBLIC","assigner":"security-advisories@github.com","published_at":"2023-02-03 20:15:00","updated_at":"2023-11-07 04:08:00"},"problem_types":["CWE-347"],"metrics":[],"references":[{"url":"https://github.com/OpenZeppelin/cairo-contracts/security/advisories/GHSA-626q-v9j4-mcp4","name":"https://github.com/OpenZeppelin/cairo-contracts/security/advisories/GHSA-626q-v9j4-mcp4","refsource":"MISC","tags":[],"title":"EthAccount can be impersonated by malicious prover · Advisory · OpenZeppelin/cairo-contracts · GitHub","mime":"text/html","httpstatus":"200","archivestatus":"404"},{"url":"https://github.com/OpenZeppelin/cairo-contracts/pull/542/commits/6d4cb750478fca2fd916f73297632f899aca9299","name":"https://github.com/OpenZeppelin/cairo-contracts/pull/542/commits/6d4cb750478fca2fd916f73297632f899aca9299","refsource":"MISC","tags":[],"title":"Add finalize_keccak to is_valid_eth_signature by andrew-fleming · Pull Request #542 · OpenZeppelin/cairo-contracts · GitHub","mime":"text/html","httpstatus":"200","archivestatus":"404"},{"url":"https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-23940","name":"CVE Program record","refsource":"CVE.ORG","tags":["canonical"]},{"url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-23940","name":"NVD vulnerability detail","refsource":"NVD","tags":["canonical","analysis"]}],"affected":[],"timeline":[],"solutions":[],"workarounds":[],"exploits":[],"credits":[],"nvd_cpes":[{"cve_year":"2023","cve_id":"23940","vulnerable":"1","versionEndIncluding":"","cpe1":"cpe","cpe2":"2.3","cpe3":"a","cpe4":"openzeppelin","cpe5":"contracts","cpe6":"*","cpe7":"*","cpe8":"*","cpe9":"*","cpe10":"*","cpe11":"cairo","cpe12":"*","cpe13":"*"}],"vendor_comments":[],"enrichments":{"kev":null,"epss":null,"legacy_qids":[]},"source_records":{"cve_program":{"data_version":"4.0","data_type":"CVE","data_format":"MITRE","CVE_data_meta":{"ID":"CVE-2023-23940","ASSIGNER":"security-advisories@github.com","STATE":"PUBLIC"},"description":{"description_data":[{"lang":"eng","value":"OpenZeppelin Contracts for Cairo is a library for secure smart contract development written in Cairo for StarkNet, a decentralized ZK Rollup. `is_valid_eth_signature` is missing a call to `finalize_keccak` after calling `verify_eth_signature`. As a result, any contract using `is_valid_eth_signature` from the account library (such as the `EthAccount` preset) is vulnerable to a malicious sequencer. Specifically, the malicious sequencer would be able to bypass signature validation to impersonate an instance of these accounts. The issue has been patched in 0.6.1."}]},"problemtype":{"problemtype_data":[{"description":[{"lang":"eng","value":"CWE-347: Improper Verification of Cryptographic Signature","cweId":"CWE-347"}]},{"description":[{"lang":"eng","value":"CWE-345: Insufficient Verification of Data Authenticity","cweId":"CWE-345"}]}]},"affects":{"vendor":{"vendor_data":[{"vendor_name":"OpenZeppelin","product":{"product_data":[{"product_name":"cairo-contracts","version":{"version_data":[{"version_value":">= 0.2.0, < 0.6.1","version_affected":"="}]}}]}}]}},"references":{"reference_data":[{"url":"https://github.com/OpenZeppelin/cairo-contracts/security/advisories/GHSA-626q-v9j4-mcp4","refsource":"MISC","name":"https://github.com/OpenZeppelin/cairo-contracts/security/advisories/GHSA-626q-v9j4-mcp4"},{"url":"https://github.com/OpenZeppelin/cairo-contracts/pull/542/commits/6d4cb750478fca2fd916f73297632f899aca9299","refsource":"MISC","name":"https://github.com/OpenZeppelin/cairo-contracts/pull/542/commits/6d4cb750478fca2fd916f73297632f899aca9299"}]},"source":{"advisory":"GHSA-626q-v9j4-mcp4","discovery":"UNKNOWN"},"impact":{"cvss":[{"attackComplexity":"HIGH","attackVector":"NETWORK","availabilityImpact":"LOW","baseScore":6.4,"baseSeverity":"MEDIUM","confidentialityImpact":"LOW","integrityImpact":"HIGH","privilegesRequired":"LOW","scope":"UNCHANGED","userInteraction":"NONE","vectorString":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:H/A:L","version":"3.1"}]}},"nvd":{"publishedDate":"2023-02-03 20:15:00","lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-07 04:08:00","problem_types":["CWE-347"],"metrics":{"baseMetricV3":{"cvssV3":{"version":"3.1","vectorString":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N","attackVector":"NETWORK","attackComplexity":"HIGH","privilegesRequired":"LOW","userInteraction":"NONE","scope":"UNCHANGED","confidentialityImpact":"HIGH","integrityImpact":"NONE","availabilityImpact":"NONE","baseScore":5.3,"baseSeverity":"MEDIUM"},"exploitabilityScore":1.6,"impactScore":3.6}},"configurations":{"CVE_data_version":"4.0","nodes":[{"operator":"OR","children":[],"cpe_match":[{"vulnerable":true,"cpe23Uri":"cpe:2.3:a:openzeppelin:contracts:*:*:*:*:*:cairo:*:*","versionStartIncluding":"0.2.0","versionEndExcluding":"0.6.1","cpe_name":[]}]}]}},"legacy_mitre":{"record":null,"notes":[]}}}