{"api_version":"1","generated_at":"2026-10-25T16:01:41+00:00","cve":"CVE-2023-53481","urls":{"html":"https://cve.report/CVE-2023-53481","api":"https://cve.report/api/cve/CVE-2023-53481.json","docs":"https://cve.report/api","cve_org":"https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-53481","nvd":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-53481"},"summary":{"title":"ubi: ubi_wl_put_peb: Fix infinite loop when wear-leveling work failed","description":"In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nubi: ubi_wl_put_peb: Fix infinite loop when wear-leveling work failed\n\nFollowing process will trigger an infinite loop in ubi_wl_put_peb():\n\n\tubifs_bgt\t\tubi_bgt\nubifs_leb_unmap\n  ubi_leb_unmap\n    ubi_eba_unmap_leb\n      ubi_wl_put_peb\twear_leveling_worker\n                          e1 = rb_entry(rb_first(&ubi->used)\n\t\t\t  e2 = get_peb_for_wl(ubi)\n\t\t\t  ubi_io_read_vid_hdr  // return err (flash fault)\n\t\t\t  out_error:\n\t\t\t    ubi->move_from = ubi->move_to = NULL\n\t\t\t    wl_entry_destroy(ubi, e1)\n\t\t\t      ubi->lookuptbl[e->pnum] = NULL\n      retry:\n        e = ubi->lookuptbl[pnum];\t// return NULL\n\tif (e == ubi->move_from) {\t// NULL == NULL gets true\n\t  goto retry;\t\t\t// infinite loop !!!\n\n$ top\n  PID USER      PR  NI    VIRT    RES    SHR S  %CPU %MEM     COMMAND\n  7676 root     20   0       0      0      0 R 100.0  0.0  ubifs_bgt0_0\n\nFix it by:\n 1) Letting ubi_wl_put_peb() returns directly if wearl leveling entry has\n    been removed from 'ubi->lookuptbl'.\n 2) Using 'ubi->wl_lock' protecting wl entry deletion to preventing an\n    use-after-free problem for wl entry in ubi_wl_put_peb().\n\nFetch a reproducer in [Link].","state":"PUBLISHED","assigner":"Linux","published_at":"2025-10-01 12:15:50","updated_at":"2026-10-15 22:17:40"},"problem_types":["CWE-835"],"metrics":[{"version":"3.1","source":"nvd@nist.gov","type":"Primary","score":"5.5","severity":"MEDIUM","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H","data":{"version":"3.1","vectorString":"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H","baseScore":5.5,"baseSeverity":"MEDIUM","attackVector":"LOCAL","attackComplexity":"LOW","privilegesRequired":"LOW","userInteraction":"NONE","scope":"UNCHANGED","confidentialityImpact":"NONE","integrityImpact":"NONE","availabilityImpact":"HIGH"}},{"version":"3.1","source":"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67","type":"Secondary","score":"7.8","severity":"HIGH","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","data":{"version":"3.1","vectorString":"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","baseScore":7.8,"baseSeverity":"HIGH","attackVector":"LOCAL","attackComplexity":"LOW","privilegesRequired":"LOW","userInteraction":"NONE","scope":"UNCHANGED","confidentialityImpact":"HIGH","integrityImpact":"HIGH","availabilityImpact":"HIGH"}},{"version":"3.1","source":"CNA","type":"DECLARED","score":"7.8","severity":"HIGH","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","data":{"baseScore":7.8,"baseSeverity":"HIGH","vectorString":"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","version":"3.1"}}],"references":[{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f006f596fe851c3b6aae60b79f89f89f0e515d2f","name":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f006f596fe851c3b6aae60b79f89f89f0e515d2f","refsource":"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67","tags":["Patch"],"title":"","mime":"","httpstatus":"","archivestatus":"0"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/4d57a7333e26040f2b583983e1970d9d460e56b0","name":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/4d57a7333e26040f2b583983e1970d9d460e56b0","refsource":"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67","tags":["Patch"],"title":"","mime":"","httpstatus":"","archivestatus":"0"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/cc4bc532acda66189bddc03b3fe1ad689d9a48a2","name":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/cc4bc532acda66189bddc03b3fe1ad689d9a48a2","refsource":"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67","tags":["Patch"],"title":"","mime":"","httpstatus":"","archivestatus":"0"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/8a18856e074479bd050b01e688c58defadce7ab0","name":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/8a18856e074479bd050b01e688c58defadce7ab0","refsource":"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67","tags":["Patch"],"title":"","mime":"","httpstatus":"","archivestatus":"0"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/5af1c643184a5d09ff5b3f334077a4d0a163c677","name":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/5af1c643184a5d09ff5b3f334077a4d0a163c677","refsource":"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67","tags":["Patch"],"title":"","mime":"","httpstatus":"","archivestatus":"0"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/b5be23f6ae610bdb262160a1f294afee6d0e6a69","name":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/b5be23f6ae610bdb262160a1f294afee6d0e6a69","refsource":"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67","tags":["Patch"],"title":"","mime":"","httpstatus":"","archivestatus":"0"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/b40d2fbf47af58377e898b5062077a47bb28a132","name":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/b40d2fbf47af58377e898b5062077a47bb28a132","refsource":"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67","tags":["Patch"],"title":"","mime":"","httpstatus":"","archivestatus":"0"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/3afaaf6f5867dc4ad383808d4053f428ec7b867d","name":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/3afaaf6f5867dc4ad383808d4053f428ec7b867d","refsource":"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67","tags":["Patch"],"title":"","mime":"","httpstatus":"","archivestatus":"0"},{"url":"https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-53481","name":"CVE Program record","refsource":"CVE.ORG","tags":["canonical"]},{"url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-53481","name":"NVD vulnerability detail","refsource":"NVD","tags":["canonical","analysis"]}],"affected":[{"source":"CNA","vendor":"Linux","product":"Linux","version":"affected 43f9b25a9cdd7b177f77f026b1461abd1abbd174 b40d2fbf47af58377e898b5062077a47bb28a132 git","platforms":[]},{"source":"CNA","vendor":"Linux","product":"Linux","version":"affected 43f9b25a9cdd7b177f77f026b1461abd1abbd174 f006f596fe851c3b6aae60b79f89f89f0e515d2f git","platforms":[]},{"source":"CNA","vendor":"Linux","product":"Linux","version":"affected 43f9b25a9cdd7b177f77f026b1461abd1abbd174 b5be23f6ae610bdb262160a1f294afee6d0e6a69 git","platforms":[]},{"source":"CNA","vendor":"Linux","product":"Linux","version":"affected 43f9b25a9cdd7b177f77f026b1461abd1abbd174 8a18856e074479bd050b01e688c58defadce7ab0 git","platforms":[]},{"source":"CNA","vendor":"Linux","product":"Linux","version":"affected 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original_commit_for_fix","platforms":[]}],"timeline":[],"solutions":[],"workarounds":[],"exploits":[],"credits":[],"nvd_cpes":[{"cve_year":"2023","cve_id":"53481","vulnerable":"1","versionEndIncluding":"","cpe1":"cpe","cpe2":"2.3","cpe3":"o","cpe4":"linux","cpe5":"linux_kernel","cpe6":"*","cpe7":"*","cpe8":"*","cpe9":"*","cpe10":"*","cpe11":"*","cpe12":"*","cpe13":"*"}],"vendor_comments":[],"enrichments":{"kev":null,"epss":null,"legacy_qids":[]},"source_records":{"cve_program":{"containers":{"adp":[{"metrics":[{"other":{"content":{"id":"CVE-2023-53481","options":[{"Exploitation":"none"},{"Automatable":"no"},{"Technical Impact":"total"}],"role":"CISA Coordinator","timestamp":"2026-10-15T21:34:44.820023Z","version":"2.0.3"},"type":"ssvc"}}],"providerMetadata":{"dateUpdated":"2026-10-15T21:41:28.594Z","orgId":"134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0","shortName":"CISA-ADP"},"title":"CISA ADP Vulnrichment"}],"cna":{"affected":[{"defaultStatus":"unaffected","product":"Linux","programFiles":["drivers/mtd/ubi/wl.c"],"repo":"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git","vendor":"Linux","versions":[{"lessThan":"b40d2fbf47af58377e898b5062077a47bb28a132","status":"affected","version":"43f9b25a9cdd7b177f77f026b1461abd1abbd174","versionType":"git"},{"lessThan":"f006f596fe851c3b6aae60b79f89f89f0e515d2f","status":"affected","version":"43f9b25a9cdd7b177f77f026b1461abd1abbd174","versionType":"git"},{"lessThan":"b5be23f6ae610bdb262160a1f294afee6d0e6a69","status":"affected","version":"43f9b25a9cdd7b177f77f026b1461abd1abbd174","versionType":"git"},{"lessThan":"8a18856e074479bd050b01e688c58defadce7ab0","status":"affected","version":"43f9b25a9cdd7b177f77f026b1461abd1abbd174","versionType":"git"},{"lessThan":"3afaaf6f5867dc4ad383808d4053f428ec7b867d","status":"affected","version":"43f9b25a9cdd7b177f77f026b1461abd1abbd174","versionType":"git"},{"lessThan":"cc4bc532acda66189bddc03b3fe1ad689d9a48a2","status":"affected","version":"43f9b25a9cdd7b177f77f026b1461abd1abbd174","versionType":"git"},{"lessThan":"5af1c643184a5d09ff5b3f334077a4d0a163c677","status":"affected","version":"43f9b25a9cdd7b177f77f026b1461abd1abbd174","versionType":"git"},{"lessThan":"4d57a7333e26040f2b583983e1970d9d460e56b0","status":"affected","version":"43f9b25a9cdd7b177f77f026b1461abd1abbd174","versionType":"git"}]},{"defaultStatus":"affected","product":"Linux","programFiles":["drivers/mtd/ubi/wl.c"],"repo":"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git","vendor":"Linux","versions":[{"status":"affected","version":"2.6.25"},{"lessThan":"2.6.25","status":"unaffected","version":"0","versionType":"semver"},{"lessThanOrEqual":"4.14.*","status":"unaffected","version":"4.14.308","versionType":"semver"},{"lessThanOrEqual":"4.19.*","status":"unaffected","version":"4.19.276","versionType":"semver"},{"lessThanOrEqual":"5.4.*","status":"unaffected","version":"5.4.235","versionType":"semver"},{"lessThanOrEqual":"5.10.*","status":"unaffected","version":"5.10.173","versionType":"semver"},{"lessThanOrEqual":"5.15.*","status":"unaffected","version":"5.15.100","versionType":"semver"},{"lessThanOrEqual":"6.1.*","status":"unaffected","version":"6.1.18","versionType":"semver"},{"lessThanOrEqual":"6.2.*","status":"unaffected","version":"6.2.5","versionType":"semver"},{"lessThanOrEqual":"*","status":"unaffected","version":"6.3","versionType":"original_commit_for_fix"}]}],"cpeApplicability":[{"nodes":[{"cpeMatch":[{"criteria":"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","versionEndExcluding":"4.14.308","versionStartIncluding":"2.6.25","vulnerable":true},{"criteria":"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","versionEndExcluding":"4.19.276","versionStartIncluding":"2.6.25","vulnerable":true},{"criteria":"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","versionEndExcluding":"5.4.235","versionStartIncluding":"2.6.25","vulnerable":true},{"criteria":"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","versionEndExcluding":"5.10.173","versionStartIncluding":"2.6.25","vulnerable":true},{"criteria":"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","versionEndExcluding":"5.15.100","versionStartIncluding":"2.6.25","vulnerable":true},{"criteria":"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","versionEndExcluding":"6.1.18","versionStartIncluding":"2.6.25","vulnerable":true},{"criteria":"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","versionEndExcluding":"6.2.5","versionStartIncluding":"2.6.25","vulnerable":true},{"criteria":"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","versionEndExcluding":"6.3","versionStartIncluding":"2.6.25","vulnerable":true}],"negate":false,"operator":"OR"}]}],"descriptions":[{"lang":"en","value":"In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nubi: ubi_wl_put_peb: Fix infinite loop when wear-leveling work failed\n\nFollowing process will trigger an infinite loop in ubi_wl_put_peb():\n\n\tubifs_bgt\t\tubi_bgt\nubifs_leb_unmap\n  ubi_leb_unmap\n    ubi_eba_unmap_leb\n      ubi_wl_put_peb\twear_leveling_worker\n                          e1 = rb_entry(rb_first(&ubi->used)\n\t\t\t  e2 = get_peb_for_wl(ubi)\n\t\t\t  ubi_io_read_vid_hdr  // return err (flash fault)\n\t\t\t  out_error:\n\t\t\t    ubi->move_from = ubi->move_to = NULL\n\t\t\t    wl_entry_destroy(ubi, e1)\n\t\t\t      ubi->lookuptbl[e->pnum] = NULL\n      retry:\n        e = ubi->lookuptbl[pnum];\t// return NULL\n\tif (e == ubi->move_from) {\t// NULL == NULL gets true\n\t  goto retry;\t\t\t// infinite loop !!!\n\n$ top\n  PID USER      PR  NI    VIRT    RES    SHR S  %CPU %MEM     COMMAND\n  7676 root     20   0       0      0      0 R 100.0  0.0  ubifs_bgt0_0\n\nFix it by:\n 1) Letting ubi_wl_put_peb() returns directly if wearl leveling entry has\n    been removed from 'ubi->lookuptbl'.\n 2) Using 'ubi->wl_lock' protecting wl entry deletion to preventing an\n    use-after-free problem for wl entry in ubi_wl_put_peb().\n\nFetch a reproducer in [Link]."}],"metrics":[{"cvssV3_1":{"baseScore":7.8,"baseSeverity":"HIGH","vectorString":"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","version":"3.1"},"scenarios":[{"lang":"en","value":"AV:L - The vulnerable path is reached only from local activity — file writes/unlinks on a mounted UBIFS filesystem driving `ubifs_leb_unmap()`, or `UBI_IOCEBER`/`UBI_IOCEBUNMAP` ioctls on `/dev/ubiX_Y`. There is no network-facing consumer of the UBI wear-leveling layer.\nAC:L - The attacker supplies both the concurrency (unbounded parallel LEB unmaps via ordinary filesystem writes/deletes or a tight ioctl loop) and sustained write pressure that keeps the wear-leveling worker running continuously on flash whose read/ECC errors are the expected operating condition UBI is built to handle; once the error path fires, the `NULL == ubi->move_from` comparison is deterministic, not probabilistic.\nPR:L - Any unprivileged local user with write access to a UBIFS mount (the standard writable data/rootfs partition on embedded, automotive and IoT devices) can drive `ubi_eba_unmap_leb()` through the UBIFS journal and background thread; the direct ioctl path has no capability check either, only `FMODE_WRITE` on the volume node.\nUI:N - Exploitation needs only the attacker's own file I/O or ioctls against an already-mounted UBI/UBIFS volume; no victim action, mount of attacker-supplied media, or administrator interaction is required.\nS:U - The hang and the freed-slab-object corruption are confined to the kernel's own security authority on the affected host, with no crossing of a VM, IOMMU, or sandbox boundary.\nC:H - The use-after-free on the `ubi_wl_entry_slab` object lets the attacker read fields (`e->pnum`, `e->ec`, rbtree links) out of memory that has been freed and can be reallocated with attacker-groomed content, giving a path to kernel memory disclosure.\nI:H - `rb_erase(&e->u.rb, &ubi->used)` and the subsequent `schedule_erase()` operate on the freed entry, writing rbtree pointer values through a dangling object and re-queuing it — a classic UAF write primitive usable for heap corruption and control-flow hijack.\nA:H - The `goto retry` loop never terminates, pinning a CPU at 100% in an unkillable kernel thread while holding `ubi->fm_protect` and the LEB write lock, which permanently hangs all I/O to the UBI device and its UBIFS filesystems until reboot; the concurrent UAF independently causes kernel crashes."}]}],"providerMetadata":{"dateUpdated":"2026-08-05T09:14:17.891Z","orgId":"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67","shortName":"Linux"},"references":[{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/b40d2fbf47af58377e898b5062077a47bb28a132"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f006f596fe851c3b6aae60b79f89f89f0e515d2f"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/b5be23f6ae610bdb262160a1f294afee6d0e6a69"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/8a18856e074479bd050b01e688c58defadce7ab0"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/3afaaf6f5867dc4ad383808d4053f428ec7b867d"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/cc4bc532acda66189bddc03b3fe1ad689d9a48a2"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/5af1c643184a5d09ff5b3f334077a4d0a163c677"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/4d57a7333e26040f2b583983e1970d9d460e56b0"}],"title":"ubi: ubi_wl_put_peb: Fix infinite loop when wear-leveling work 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ubi_wl_put_peb: Fix infinite loop when wear-leveling work f","CVE":"CVE-2023-53481","Year":"2023"},"notes":[{"CveYear":"2023","CveId":"53481","Ordinal":"1","NoteData":"In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nubi: ubi_wl_put_peb: Fix infinite loop when wear-leveling work failed\n\nFollowing process will trigger an infinite loop in ubi_wl_put_peb():\n\n\tubifs_bgt\t\tubi_bgt\nubifs_leb_unmap\n  ubi_leb_unmap\n    ubi_eba_unmap_leb\n      ubi_wl_put_peb\twear_leveling_worker\n                          e1 = rb_entry(rb_first(&ubi->used)\n\t\t\t  e2 = get_peb_for_wl(ubi)\n\t\t\t  ubi_io_read_vid_hdr  // return err (flash fault)\n\t\t\t  out_error:\n\t\t\t    ubi->move_from = ubi->move_to = NULL\n\t\t\t    wl_entry_destroy(ubi, e1)\n\t\t\t      ubi->lookuptbl[e->pnum] = NULL\n      retry:\n        e = ubi->lookuptbl[pnum];\t// return NULL\n\tif (e == ubi->move_from) {\t// NULL == NULL gets true\n\t  goto retry;\t\t\t// infinite loop !!!\n\n$ top\n  PID USER      PR  NI    VIRT    RES    SHR S  %CPU %MEM     COMMAND\n  7676 root     20   0       0      0      0 R 100.0  0.0  ubifs_bgt0_0\n\nFix it by:\n 1) Letting ubi_wl_put_peb() returns directly if wearl leveling entry has\n    been removed from 'ubi->lookuptbl'.\n 2) Using 'ubi->wl_lock' protecting wl entry deletion to preventing an\n    use-after-free problem for wl entry in ubi_wl_put_peb().\n\nFetch a reproducer in [Link].","Type":"Description","Title":"ubi: ubi_wl_put_peb: Fix infinite loop when wear-leveling work f"}]}}}