{"api_version":"1","generated_at":"2026-10-29T10:14:38+00:00","cve":"CVE-2023-54071","urls":{"html":"https://cve.report/CVE-2023-54071","api":"https://cve.report/api/cve/CVE-2023-54071.json","docs":"https://cve.report/api","cve_org":"https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-54071","nvd":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-54071"},"summary":{"title":"wifi: rtw88: use work to update rate to avoid RCU warning","description":"In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nwifi: rtw88: use work to update rate to avoid RCU warning\n\nThe ieee80211_ops::sta_rc_update must be atomic, because\nieee80211_chan_bw_change() holds rcu_read lock while calling\ndrv_sta_rc_update(), so create a work to do original things.\n\n Voluntary context switch within RCU read-side critical section!\n WARNING: CPU: 0 PID: 4621 at kernel/rcu/tree_plugin.h:318\n rcu_note_context_switch+0x571/0x5d0\n CPU: 0 PID: 4621 Comm: kworker/u16:2 Tainted: G        W  OE\n Workqueue: phy3 ieee80211_chswitch_work [mac80211]\n RIP: 0010:rcu_note_context_switch+0x571/0x5d0\n Call Trace:\n  <TASK>\n  __schedule+0xb0/0x1460\n  ? __mod_timer+0x116/0x360\n  schedule+0x5a/0xc0\n  schedule_timeout+0x87/0x150\n  ? trace_raw_output_tick_stop+0x60/0x60\n  wait_for_completion_timeout+0x7b/0x140\n  usb_start_wait_urb+0x82/0x160 [usbcore\n  usb_control_msg+0xe3/0x140 [usbcore\n  rtw_usb_read+0x88/0xe0 [rtw_usb\n  rtw_usb_read8+0xf/0x10 [rtw_usb\n  rtw_fw_send_h2c_command+0xa0/0x170 [rtw_core\n  rtw_fw_send_ra_info+0xc9/0xf0 [rtw_core\n  drv_sta_rc_update+0x7c/0x160 [mac80211\n  ieee80211_chan_bw_change+0xfb/0x110 [mac80211\n  ieee80211_change_chanctx+0x38/0x130 [mac80211\n  ieee80211_vif_use_reserved_switch+0x34e/0x900 [mac80211\n  ieee80211_link_use_reserved_context+0x88/0xe0 [mac80211\n  ieee80211_chswitch_work+0x95/0x170 [mac80211\n  process_one_work+0x201/0x410\n  worker_thread+0x4a/0x3b0\n  ? process_one_work+0x410/0x410\n  kthread+0xe1/0x110\n  ? kthread_complete_and_exit+0x20/0x20\n  ret_from_fork+0x1f/0x30\n  </TASK>","state":"PUBLISHED","assigner":"Linux","published_at":"2025-12-24 13:16:08","updated_at":"2026-10-15 22:17:52"},"problem_types":[],"metrics":[{"version":"3.1","source":"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67","type":"Secondary","score":"8.8","severity":"HIGH","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","data":{"version":"3.1","vectorString":"CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","baseScore":8.8,"baseSeverity":"HIGH","attackVector":"ADJACENT_NETWORK","attackComplexity":"LOW","privilegesRequired":"NONE","userInteraction":"NONE","scope":"UNCHANGED","confidentialityImpact":"HIGH","integrityImpact":"HIGH","availabilityImpact":"HIGH"}},{"version":"3.1","source":"CNA","type":"DECLARED","score":"8.8","severity":"HIGH","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","data":{"baseScore":8.8,"baseSeverity":"HIGH","vectorString":"CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","version":"3.1"}}],"references":[{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/dd3af22323e79a2ffabed366db20aab83716fe6f","name":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/dd3af22323e79a2ffabed366db20aab83716fe6f","refsource":"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67","tags":[],"title":"","mime":"","httpstatus":"","archivestatus":"0"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/107677a8f43521e33e4a653e50fdf55ba622a4ce","name":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/107677a8f43521e33e4a653e50fdf55ba622a4ce","refsource":"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67","tags":[],"title":"","mime":"","httpstatus":"","archivestatus":"0"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/bcafcb959a57a6890e900199690c5fc47da1a304","name":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/bcafcb959a57a6890e900199690c5fc47da1a304","refsource":"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67","tags":[],"title":"","mime":"","httpstatus":"","archivestatus":"0"},{"url":"https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-54071","name":"CVE Program record","refsource":"CVE.ORG","tags":["canonical"]},{"url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-54071","name":"NVD vulnerability detail","refsource":"NVD","tags":["canonical","analysis"]}],"affected":[{"source":"CNA","vendor":"Linux","product":"Linux","version":"affected c1edc86472fc3a5aa3b5c5c53c4e20f6a24992a6 107677a8f43521e33e4a653e50fdf55ba622a4ce git","platforms":[]},{"source":"CNA","vendor":"Linux","product":"Linux","version":"affected c1edc86472fc3a5aa3b5c5c53c4e20f6a24992a6 dd3af22323e79a2ffabed366db20aab83716fe6f git","platforms":[]},{"source":"CNA","vendor":"Linux","product":"Linux","version":"affected c1edc86472fc3a5aa3b5c5c53c4e20f6a24992a6 bcafcb959a57a6890e900199690c5fc47da1a304 git","platforms":[]},{"source":"CNA","vendor":"Linux","product":"Linux","version":"affected 5.19","platforms":[]},{"source":"CNA","vendor":"Linux","product":"Linux","version":"unaffected 5.19 semver","platforms":[]},{"source":"CNA","vendor":"Linux","product":"Linux","version":"unaffected 6.1.30 6.1.* semver","platforms":[]},{"source":"CNA","vendor":"Linux","product":"Linux","version":"unaffected 6.3.4 6.3.* semver","platforms":[]},{"source":"CNA","vendor":"Linux","product":"Linux","version":"unaffected 6.4 * original_commit_for_fix","platforms":[]}],"timeline":[],"solutions":[],"workarounds":[],"exploits":[],"credits":[],"nvd_cpes":[],"vendor_comments":[],"enrichments":{"kev":null,"epss":{"cve_year":"2023","cve_id":"54071","cve":"CVE-2023-54071","epss":"0.002730000","percentile":"0.183710000","score_date":"2026-10-15","updated_at":"2026-10-16 00:06:11"},"legacy_qids":[]},"source_records":{"cve_program":{"containers":{"adp":[{"metrics":[{"other":{"content":{"id":"CVE-2023-54071","options":[{"Exploitation":"none"},{"Automatable":"no"},{"Technical Impact":"total"}],"role":"CISA Coordinator","timestamp":"2026-10-15T21:38:13.834973Z","version":"2.0.3"},"type":"ssvc"}}],"providerMetadata":{"dateUpdated":"2026-10-15T21:41:38.954Z","orgId":"134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0","shortName":"CISA-ADP"},"title":"CISA ADP Vulnrichment"}],"cna":{"affected":[{"defaultStatus":"unaffected","product":"Linux","programFiles":["drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw88/mac80211.c","drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw88/main.c","drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw88/main.h"],"repo":"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git","vendor":"Linux","versions":[{"lessThan":"107677a8f43521e33e4a653e50fdf55ba622a4ce","status":"affected","version":"c1edc86472fc3a5aa3b5c5c53c4e20f6a24992a6","versionType":"git"},{"lessThan":"dd3af22323e79a2ffabed366db20aab83716fe6f","status":"affected","version":"c1edc86472fc3a5aa3b5c5c53c4e20f6a24992a6","versionType":"git"},{"lessThan":"bcafcb959a57a6890e900199690c5fc47da1a304","status":"affected","version":"c1edc86472fc3a5aa3b5c5c53c4e20f6a24992a6","versionType":"git"}]},{"defaultStatus":"affected","product":"Linux","programFiles":["drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw88/mac80211.c","drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw88/main.c","drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw88/main.h"],"repo":"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git","vendor":"Linux","versions":[{"status":"affected","version":"5.19"},{"lessThan":"5.19","status":"unaffected","version":"0","versionType":"semver"},{"lessThanOrEqual":"6.1.*","status":"unaffected","version":"6.1.30","versionType":"semver"},{"lessThanOrEqual":"6.3.*","status":"unaffected","version":"6.3.4","versionType":"semver"},{"lessThanOrEqual":"*","status":"unaffected","version":"6.4","versionType":"original_commit_for_fix"}]}],"cpeApplicability":[{"nodes":[{"cpeMatch":[{"criteria":"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","versionEndExcluding":"6.1.30","versionStartIncluding":"5.19","vulnerable":true},{"criteria":"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","versionEndExcluding":"6.3.4","versionStartIncluding":"5.19","vulnerable":true},{"criteria":"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","versionEndExcluding":"6.4","versionStartIncluding":"5.19","vulnerable":true}],"negate":false,"operator":"OR"}]}],"descriptions":[{"lang":"en","value":"In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nwifi: rtw88: use work to update rate to avoid RCU warning\n\nThe ieee80211_ops::sta_rc_update must be atomic, because\nieee80211_chan_bw_change() holds rcu_read lock while calling\ndrv_sta_rc_update(), so create a work to do original things.\n\n Voluntary context switch within RCU read-side critical section!\n WARNING: CPU: 0 PID: 4621 at kernel/rcu/tree_plugin.h:318\n rcu_note_context_switch+0x571/0x5d0\n CPU: 0 PID: 4621 Comm: kworker/u16:2 Tainted: G        W  OE\n Workqueue: phy3 ieee80211_chswitch_work [mac80211]\n RIP: 0010:rcu_note_context_switch+0x571/0x5d0\n Call Trace:\n  <TASK>\n  __schedule+0xb0/0x1460\n  ? __mod_timer+0x116/0x360\n  schedule+0x5a/0xc0\n  schedule_timeout+0x87/0x150\n  ? trace_raw_output_tick_stop+0x60/0x60\n  wait_for_completion_timeout+0x7b/0x140\n  usb_start_wait_urb+0x82/0x160 [usbcore\n  usb_control_msg+0xe3/0x140 [usbcore\n  rtw_usb_read+0x88/0xe0 [rtw_usb\n  rtw_usb_read8+0xf/0x10 [rtw_usb\n  rtw_fw_send_h2c_command+0xa0/0x170 [rtw_core\n  rtw_fw_send_ra_info+0xc9/0xf0 [rtw_core\n  drv_sta_rc_update+0x7c/0x160 [mac80211\n  ieee80211_chan_bw_change+0xfb/0x110 [mac80211\n  ieee80211_change_chanctx+0x38/0x130 [mac80211\n  ieee80211_vif_use_reserved_switch+0x34e/0x900 [mac80211\n  ieee80211_link_use_reserved_context+0x88/0xe0 [mac80211\n  ieee80211_chswitch_work+0x95/0x170 [mac80211\n  process_one_work+0x201/0x410\n  worker_thread+0x4a/0x3b0\n  ? process_one_work+0x410/0x410\n  kthread+0xe1/0x110\n  ? kthread_complete_and_exit+0x20/0x20\n  ret_from_fork+0x1f/0x30\n  </TASK>"}],"metrics":[{"cvssV3_1":{"baseScore":8.8,"baseSeverity":"HIGH","vectorString":"CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","version":"3.1"},"scenarios":[{"lang":"en","value":"AV:A - The trigger is an 802.11 frame — a Channel Switch Announcement or a bandwidth change advertised in a beacon/action frame by the AP the station is associated with — processed by `ieee80211_chswitch_work`, so the attacker must be within radio range or operating a rogue AP. Per kernel guidance, WiFi frame injection is Adjacent.\nAC:L - Every bandwidth-changing channel switch deterministically drives the sleeping USB control transfer into mac80211's RCU read-side critical section, and the attacker can repeat it at will by re-advertising CSA/bandwidth changes. The UAF variant's second side is equally attacker-controlled — a spoofed deauth forces the concurrent `sta_info` teardown — so both halves of the race are attacker-driven.\nPR:N - No credentials on the victim system are needed; beacon CSA elements are unprotected even under MFP, and an attacker-operated or spoofed AP reaches the path without any authentication to the target host.\nUI:N - A station that is merely associated or scanning processes the beacon/CSA automatically; no victim action such as opening a file or mounting a filesystem is required.\nS:U - The atomicity violation, RCU stall, and resulting memory corruption are all confined to the kernel's own security authority, with no crossing of a VM, IOMMU, or sandbox boundary.\nC:H - Sleeping inside `rcu_read_lock()` breaks the RCU guarantee on non-preemptible kernels, allowing the grace period to elapse and `sta_info` objects on `local->sta_list` to be freed while the loop still dereferences them — a use-after-free read that per kernel guidance is scored High.\nI:H - The same traversal writes through the potentially freed pointer (`link_sta->pub->bandwidth = new_sta_bw`), giving a UAF write primitive, and the missing `rtwdev->mutex` lets unserialized H2C mailbox/register writes race and corrupt firmware command state.\nA:H - The path produces a kernel WARNING (fatal under `panic_on_warn`) plus \"scheduling while atomic\" on non-preemptible builds, stalls RCU grace periods for seconds per station causing RCU CPU stall warnings and callback backlog, and can crash outright via the use-after-free."}]}],"providerMetadata":{"dateUpdated":"2026-08-05T09:16:57.302Z","orgId":"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67","shortName":"Linux"},"references":[{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/107677a8f43521e33e4a653e50fdf55ba622a4ce"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/dd3af22323e79a2ffabed366db20aab83716fe6f"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/bcafcb959a57a6890e900199690c5fc47da1a304"}],"title":"wifi: rtw88: use work to update rate to avoid RCU warning","x_generator":{"engine":"bippy-1.2.0"}}},"cveMetadata":{"assignerOrgId":"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67","assignerShortName":"Linux","cveId":"CVE-2023-54071","datePublished":"2025-12-24T12:23:14.874Z","dateReserved":"2025-12-24T12:21:05.093Z","dateUpdated":"2026-10-15T21:41:38.954Z","state":"PUBLISHED"},"dataType":"CVE_RECORD","dataVersion":"5.2"},"nvd":{"publishedDate":"2025-12-24 13:16:08","lastModifiedDate":"2026-10-15 22:17:52","problem_types":[],"metrics":{"cvssMetricV31":[{"source":"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67","type":"Secondary","cvssData":{"version":"3.1","vectorString":"CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","baseScore":8.8,"baseSeverity":"HIGH","attackVector":"ADJACENT_NETWORK","attackComplexity":"LOW","privilegesRequired":"NONE","userInteraction":"NONE","scope":"UNCHANGED","confidentialityImpact":"HIGH","integrityImpact":"HIGH","availabilityImpact":"HIGH"},"exploitabilityScore":2.8,"impactScore":5.9}],"ssvcV203":[{"source":"134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0","ssvcData":{"timestamp":"2026-10-15T21:38:13.834973Z","id":"CVE-2023-54071","options":[{"exploitation":"none"},{"automatable":"no"},{"technicalImpact":"total"}],"role":"CISA Coordinator","version":"2.0.3"}}]},"configurations":[]},"legacy_mitre":{"record":{"CveYear":"2023","CveId":"54071","Ordinal":"1","Title":"wifi: rtw88: use work to update rate to avoid RCU warning","CVE":"CVE-2023-54071","Year":"2023"},"notes":[{"CveYear":"2023","CveId":"54071","Ordinal":"1","NoteData":"In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nwifi: rtw88: use work to update rate to avoid RCU warning\n\nThe ieee80211_ops::sta_rc_update must be atomic, because\nieee80211_chan_bw_change() holds rcu_read lock while calling\ndrv_sta_rc_update(), so create a work to do original things.\n\n Voluntary context switch within RCU read-side critical section!\n WARNING: CPU: 0 PID: 4621 at kernel/rcu/tree_plugin.h:318\n rcu_note_context_switch+0x571/0x5d0\n CPU: 0 PID: 4621 Comm: kworker/u16:2 Tainted: G        W  OE\n Workqueue: phy3 ieee80211_chswitch_work [mac80211]\n RIP: 0010:rcu_note_context_switch+0x571/0x5d0\n Call Trace:\n  <TASK>\n  __schedule+0xb0/0x1460\n  ? __mod_timer+0x116/0x360\n  schedule+0x5a/0xc0\n  schedule_timeout+0x87/0x150\n  ? trace_raw_output_tick_stop+0x60/0x60\n  wait_for_completion_timeout+0x7b/0x140\n  usb_start_wait_urb+0x82/0x160 [usbcore\n  usb_control_msg+0xe3/0x140 [usbcore\n  rtw_usb_read+0x88/0xe0 [rtw_usb\n  rtw_usb_read8+0xf/0x10 [rtw_usb\n  rtw_fw_send_h2c_command+0xa0/0x170 [rtw_core\n  rtw_fw_send_ra_info+0xc9/0xf0 [rtw_core\n  drv_sta_rc_update+0x7c/0x160 [mac80211\n  ieee80211_chan_bw_change+0xfb/0x110 [mac80211\n  ieee80211_change_chanctx+0x38/0x130 [mac80211\n  ieee80211_vif_use_reserved_switch+0x34e/0x900 [mac80211\n  ieee80211_link_use_reserved_context+0x88/0xe0 [mac80211\n  ieee80211_chswitch_work+0x95/0x170 [mac80211\n  process_one_work+0x201/0x410\n  worker_thread+0x4a/0x3b0\n  ? process_one_work+0x410/0x410\n  kthread+0xe1/0x110\n  ? kthread_complete_and_exit+0x20/0x20\n  ret_from_fork+0x1f/0x30\n  </TASK>","Type":"Description","Title":"wifi: rtw88: use work to update rate to avoid RCU warning"}]}}}