{"api_version":"1","generated_at":"2026-07-13T16:07:15+00:00","cve":"CVE-2025-0689","urls":{"html":"https://cve.report/CVE-2025-0689","api":"https://cve.report/api/cve/CVE-2025-0689.json","docs":"https://cve.report/api","cve_org":"https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-0689","nvd":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-0689"},"summary":{"title":"Grub2: udf: heap based buffer overflow in grub_udf_read_block() may lead to arbitrary code execution","description":"When reading data from disk, the grub's UDF filesystem module utilizes the user controlled data length metadata to allocate its internal buffers. In certain scenarios, while iterating through disk sectors, it assumes the read size from the disk is always smaller than the allocated buffer size which is not guaranteed. A crafted filesystem image may lead to a heap-based buffer overflow resulting in critical data to be corrupted, resulting in the risk of arbitrary code execution by-passing secure boot protections.","state":"PUBLISHED","assigner":"redhat","published_at":"2025-03-03 15:15:16","updated_at":"2026-06-30 00:16:50"},"problem_types":["CWE-120","CWE-120 Buffer Copy without Checking Size of Input ('Classic Buffer Overflow')"],"metrics":[{"version":"3.1","source":"nvd@nist.gov","type":"Secondary","score":"7.8","severity":"HIGH","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","data":{"version":"3.1","vectorString":"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","baseScore":7.8,"baseSeverity":"HIGH","attackVector":"LOCAL","attackComplexity":"LOW","privilegesRequired":"NONE","userInteraction":"REQUIRED","scope":"UNCHANGED","confidentialityImpact":"HIGH","integrityImpact":"HIGH","availabilityImpact":"HIGH"}},{"version":"3.1","source":"secalert@redhat.com","type":"Secondary","score":"7.8","severity":"HIGH","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","data":{"version":"3.1","vectorString":"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","baseScore":7.8,"baseSeverity":"HIGH","attackVector":"LOCAL","attackComplexity":"LOW","privilegesRequired":"NONE","userInteraction":"REQUIRED","scope":"UNCHANGED","confidentialityImpact":"HIGH","integrityImpact":"HIGH","availabilityImpact":"HIGH"}},{"version":"3.1","source":"CNA","type":"CVSS","score":"7.8","severity":"HIGH","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","data":{"attackComplexity":"LOW","attackVector":"LOCAL","availabilityImpact":"HIGH","baseScore":7.8,"baseSeverity":"HIGH","confidentialityImpact":"HIGH","integrityImpact":"HIGH","privilegesRequired":"NONE","scope":"UNCHANGED","userInteraction":"REQUIRED","vectorString":"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","version":"3.1"}}],"references":[{"url":"https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2346122","name":"https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2346122","refsource":"secalert@redhat.com","tags":["Issue Tracking","Third Party Advisory"],"title":"","mime":"","httpstatus":"","archivestatus":"0"},{"url":"https://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/grub-devel/2025-02/msg00024.html","name":"https://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/grub-devel/2025-02/msg00024.html","refsource":"secalert@redhat.com","tags":["Mailing List","Vendor Advisory"],"title":"","mime":"","httpstatus":"","archivestatus":"0"},{"url":"https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2025-0689","name":"https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2025-0689","refsource":"secalert@redhat.com","tags":["Third Party Advisory"],"title":"","mime":"","httpstatus":"","archivestatus":"0"},{"url":"https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-0689","name":"CVE Program record","refsource":"CVE.ORG","tags":["canonical"]},{"url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-0689","name":"NVD vulnerability detail","refsource":"NVD","tags":["canonical","analysis"]}],"affected":[{"source":"CNA","vendor":"Red Hat","product":"Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10","version":"","platforms":[]},{"source":"CNA","vendor":"Red Hat","product":"Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7","version":"","platforms":[]},{"source":"CNA","vendor":"Red Hat","product":"Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8","version":"","platforms":[]},{"source":"CNA","vendor":"Red Hat","product":"Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9","version":"","platforms":[]},{"source":"CNA","vendor":"Red Hat","product":"Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4","version":"","platforms":[]}],"timeline":[{"source":"CNA","time":"2025-02-17T15:34:11.237Z","lang":"en","value":"Reported to Red Hat."},{"source":"CNA","time":"2025-02-18T18:00:00.000Z","lang":"en","value":"Made public."}],"solutions":[],"workarounds":[{"source":"CNA","title":"","value":"Do not run grub2 in an untrusted environment, specifically with a UDF file system image.","time":"","lang":"en"}],"exploits":[],"credits":[],"nvd_cpes":[{"cve_year":"2025","cve_id":"689","vulnerable":"1","versionEndIncluding":"2.12","cpe1":"cpe","cpe2":"2.3","cpe3":"a","cpe4":"gnu","cpe5":"grub2","cpe6":"*","cpe7":"*","cpe8":"*","cpe9":"*","cpe10":"*","cpe11":"*","cpe12":"*","cpe13":"*"}],"vendor_comments":[],"enrichments":{"kev":null,"epss":{"cve_year":"2025","cve_id":"689","cve":"CVE-2025-0689","epss":"0.004400000","percentile":"0.352790000","score_date":"2026-07-01","updated_at":"2026-07-02 00:05:26"},"legacy_qids":[]},"source_records":{"cve_program":{"containers":{"adp":[{"metrics":[{"other":{"content":{"id":"CVE-2025-0689","options":[{"Exploitation":"none"},{"Automatable":"no"},{"Technical Impact":"total"}],"role":"CISA Coordinator","timestamp":"2025-03-03T15:08:10.060966Z","version":"2.0.3"},"type":"ssvc"}}],"providerMetadata":{"dateUpdated":"2025-03-03T15:10:37.636Z","orgId":"134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0","shortName":"CISA-ADP"},"title":"CISA ADP Vulnrichment"}],"cna":{"affected":[{"collectionURL":"https://www.gnu.org/software/grub/","defaultStatus":"unaffected","packageName":"grub2","versions":[{"lessThanOrEqual":"2.12","status":"affected","version":"0","versionType":"semver"}]},{"collectionURL":"https://access.redhat.com/downloads/content/package-browser/","cpes":["cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:10"],"defaultStatus":"unaffected","packageName":"grub2","product":"Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10","vendor":"Red Hat"},{"collectionURL":"https://access.redhat.com/downloads/content/package-browser/","cpes":["cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:7"],"defaultStatus":"unaffected","packageName":"grub2","product":"Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7","vendor":"Red Hat"},{"collectionURL":"https://access.redhat.com/downloads/content/package-browser/","cpes":["cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:8"],"defaultStatus":"unaffected","packageName":"grub2","product":"Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8","vendor":"Red Hat"},{"collectionURL":"https://access.redhat.com/downloads/content/package-browser/","cpes":["cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:9"],"defaultStatus":"unaffected","packageName":"grub2","product":"Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9","vendor":"Red Hat"},{"collectionURL":"https://access.redhat.com/downloads/content/package-browser/","cpes":["cpe:/a:redhat:openshift:4"],"defaultStatus":"unaffected","packageName":"rhcos","product":"Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4","vendor":"Red Hat"}],"datePublic":"2025-02-18T18:00:00.000Z","descriptions":[{"lang":"en","value":"When reading data from disk, the grub's UDF filesystem module utilizes the user controlled data length metadata to allocate its internal buffers. In certain scenarios, while iterating through disk sectors, it assumes the read size from the disk is always smaller than the allocated buffer size which is not guaranteed. A crafted filesystem image may lead to a heap-based buffer overflow resulting in critical data to be corrupted, resulting in the risk of arbitrary code execution by-passing secure boot protections."}],"metrics":[{"other":{"content":{"namespace":"https://access.redhat.com/security/updates/classification/","value":"Moderate"},"type":"Red Hat severity rating"}},{"cvssV3_1":{"attackComplexity":"LOW","attackVector":"LOCAL","availabilityImpact":"HIGH","baseScore":7.8,"baseSeverity":"HIGH","confidentialityImpact":"HIGH","integrityImpact":"HIGH","privilegesRequired":"NONE","scope":"UNCHANGED","userInteraction":"REQUIRED","vectorString":"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","version":"3.1"},"format":"CVSS"}],"problemTypes":[{"descriptions":[{"cweId":"CWE-120","description":"Buffer Copy without Checking Size of Input ('Classic Buffer Overflow')","lang":"en","type":"CWE"}]}],"providerMetadata":{"dateUpdated":"2026-06-29T23:24:58.092Z","orgId":"53f830b8-0a3f-465b-8143-3b8a9948e749","shortName":"redhat"},"references":[{"tags":["vdb-entry","x_refsource_REDHAT"],"url":"https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2025-0689"},{"name":"RHBZ#2346122","tags":["issue-tracking","x_refsource_REDHAT"],"url":"https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2346122"},{"url":"https://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/grub-devel/2025-02/msg00024.html"}],"timeline":[{"lang":"en","time":"2025-02-17T15:34:11.237Z","value":"Reported to Red Hat."},{"lang":"en","time":"2025-02-18T18:00:00.000Z","value":"Made public."}],"title":"Grub2: udf: heap based buffer overflow in grub_udf_read_block() may lead to arbitrary code execution","workarounds":[{"lang":"en","value":"Do not run grub2 in an untrusted environment, specifically with a UDF file system image."}],"x_generator":{"engine":"cvelib 1.8.0"},"x_redhatCweChain":"CWE-120: Buffer Copy without Checking Size of Input ('Classic Buffer Overflow')"}},"cveMetadata":{"assignerOrgId":"53f830b8-0a3f-465b-8143-3b8a9948e749","assignerShortName":"redhat","cveId":"CVE-2025-0689","datePublished":"2025-03-03T14:17:32.517Z","dateReserved":"2025-01-23T19:49:12.475Z","dateUpdated":"2026-06-29T23:24:58.092Z","state":"PUBLISHED"},"dataType":"CVE_RECORD","dataVersion":"5.2"},"nvd":{"publishedDate":"2025-03-03 15:15:16","lastModifiedDate":"2026-06-30 00:16:50","problem_types":["CWE-120","CWE-120 Buffer Copy without Checking Size of Input ('Classic Buffer Overflow')"],"metrics":{"cvssMetricV31":[{"source":"secalert@redhat.com","type":"Secondary","cvssData":{"version":"3.1","vectorString":"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","baseScore":7.8,"baseSeverity":"HIGH","attackVector":"LOCAL","attackComplexity":"LOW","privilegesRequired":"NONE","userInteraction":"REQUIRED","scope":"UNCHANGED","confidentialityImpact":"HIGH","integrityImpact":"HIGH","availabilityImpact":"HIGH"},"exploitabilityScore":1.8,"impactScore":5.9},{"source":"nvd@nist.gov","type":"Secondary","cvssData":{"version":"3.1","vectorString":"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","baseScore":7.8,"baseSeverity":"HIGH","attackVector":"LOCAL","attackComplexity":"LOW","privilegesRequired":"NONE","userInteraction":"REQUIRED","scope":"UNCHANGED","confidentialityImpact":"HIGH","integrityImpact":"HIGH","availabilityImpact":"HIGH"},"exploitabilityScore":1.8,"impactScore":5.9}],"ssvcV203":[{"source":"134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0","ssvcData":{"timestamp":"2025-03-03T15:08:10.060966Z","id":"CVE-2025-0689","options":[{"exploitation":"none"},{"automatable":"no"},{"technicalImpact":"total"}],"role":"CISA Coordinator","version":"2.0.3"}}]},"configurations":[{"nodes":[{"operator":"OR","negate":false,"cpeMatch":[{"vulnerable":true,"criteria":"cpe:2.3:a:gnu:grub2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","versionEndIncluding":"2.12","matchCriteriaId":"6ECC2401-511C-4A2E-878F-C7053FA3ABB1"}]}]}]},"legacy_mitre":{"record":{"CveYear":"2025","CveId":"689","Ordinal":"1","Title":"Grub2: udf: heap based buffer overflow in grub_udf_read_block() ","CVE":"CVE-2025-0689","Year":"2025"},"notes":[{"CveYear":"2025","CveId":"689","Ordinal":"1","NoteData":"When reading data from disk, the grub's UDF filesystem module utilizes the user controlled data length metadata to allocate its internal buffers. In certain scenarios, while iterating through disk sectors, it assumes the read size from the disk is always smaller than the allocated buffer size which is not guaranteed. A crafted filesystem image may lead to a heap-based buffer overflow resulting in critical data to be corrupted, resulting in the risk of arbitrary code execution by-passing secure boot protections.","Type":"Description","Title":"Grub2: udf: heap based buffer overflow in grub_udf_read_block() "}]}}}