{"api_version":"1","generated_at":"2026-10-21T11:05:00+00:00","cve":"CVE-2025-12140","urls":{"html":"https://cve.report/CVE-2025-12140","api":"https://cve.report/api/cve/CVE-2025-12140.json","docs":"https://cve.report/api","cve_org":"https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-12140","nvd":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-12140"},"summary":{"title":"RCE in Wirtualna Uczelnia","description":"The application contains an insecure 'redirectToUrl' mechanism that incorrectly processes the value of the 'redirectUrlParameter' parameter. The application interprets the entered string of characters as a Java expression, allowing an unauthenticated attacer to perform arbitrary code execution.\nThis issue was fixed in version wu#2016.1.5513#0#20251014_113353","state":"PUBLISHED","assigner":"CERT-PL","published_at":"2025-11-27 14:15:50","updated_at":"2026-10-18 20:10:00"},"problem_types":["CWE-95","CWE-95 CWE-95 Improper Neutralization of Directives in Dynamically Evaluated Code ('Eval Injection')"],"metrics":[{"version":"4.0","source":"cvd@cert.pl","type":"Secondary","score":"9.3","severity":"CRITICAL","vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X","data":{"version":"4.0","vectorString":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X","baseScore":9.3,"baseSeverity":"CRITICAL","attackVector":"NETWORK","attackComplexity":"LOW","attackRequirements":"NONE","privilegesRequired":"NONE","userInteraction":"NONE","vulnConfidentialityImpact":"HIGH","vulnIntegrityImpact":"HIGH","vulnAvailabilityImpact":"HIGH","subConfidentialityImpact":"NONE","subIntegrityImpact":"NONE","subAvailabilityImpact":"NONE","exploitMaturity":"NOT_DEFINED","confidentialityRequirement":"NOT_DEFINED","integrityRequirement":"NOT_DEFINED","availabilityRequirement":"NOT_DEFINED","modifiedAttackVector":"NOT_DEFINED","modifiedAttackComplexity":"NOT_DEFINED","modifiedAttackRequirements":"NOT_DEFINED","modifiedPrivilegesRequired":"NOT_DEFINED","modifiedUserInteraction":"NOT_DEFINED","modifiedVulnConfidentialityImpact":"NOT_DEFINED","modifiedVulnIntegrityImpact":"NOT_DEFINED","modifiedVulnAvailabilityImpact":"NOT_DEFINED","modifiedSubConfidentialityImpact":"NOT_DEFINED","modifiedSubIntegrityImpact":"NOT_DEFINED","modifiedSubAvailabilityImpact":"NOT_DEFINED","Safety":"NOT_DEFINED","Automatable":"NOT_DEFINED","Recovery":"NOT_DEFINED","valueDensity":"NOT_DEFINED","vulnerabilityResponseEffort":"NOT_DEFINED","providerUrgency":"NOT_DEFINED"}},{"version":"4.0","source":"CNA","type":"CVSS","score":"9.3","severity":"CRITICAL","vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N","data":{"Automatable":"NOT_DEFINED","Recovery":"NOT_DEFINED","Safety":"NOT_DEFINED","attackComplexity":"LOW","attackRequirements":"NONE","attackVector":"NETWORK","baseScore":9.3,"baseSeverity":"CRITICAL","privilegesRequired":"NONE","providerUrgency":"NOT_DEFINED","subAvailabilityImpact":"NONE","subConfidentialityImpact":"NONE","subIntegrityImpact":"NONE","userInteraction":"NONE","valueDensity":"NOT_DEFINED","vectorString":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N","version":"4.0","vulnAvailabilityImpact":"HIGH","vulnConfidentialityImpact":"HIGH","vulnIntegrityImpact":"HIGH","vulnerabilityResponseEffort":"NOT_DEFINED"}}],"references":[{"url":"https://cert.pl/posts/2025/11/CVE-2025-12140/","name":"https://cert.pl/posts/2025/11/CVE-2025-12140/","refsource":"cvd@cert.pl","tags":[],"title":"","mime":"","httpstatus":"","archivestatus":"0"},{"url":"https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-12140","name":"CVE Program record","refsource":"CVE.ORG","tags":["canonical"]},{"url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-12140","name":"NVD vulnerability detail","refsource":"NVD","tags":["canonical","analysis"]}],"affected":[{"source":"CNA","vendor":"Simple SA","product":"Wirtualna Uczelnia","version":"affected wu#2016.1.5513#0#20251014_113353 custom","platforms":[]}],"timeline":[],"solutions":[],"workarounds":[],"exploits":[],"credits":[{"source":"CNA","value":"Marcin Ressel","lang":"en"}],"nvd_cpes":[],"vendor_comments":[],"enrichments":{"kev":null,"epss":{"cve_year":"2025","cve_id":"12140","cve":"CVE-2025-12140","epss":"0.004110000","percentile":"0.337640000","score_date":"2026-10-18","updated_at":"2026-10-19 00:13:07"},"legacy_qids":[]},"source_records":{"cve_program":{"containers":{"adp":[{"metrics":[{"other":{"content":{"id":"CVE-2025-12140","options":[{"Exploitation":"none"},{"Automatable":"yes"},{"Technical Impact":"total"}],"role":"CISA Coordinator","timestamp":"2025-11-28T15:21:55.102501Z","version":"2.0.3"},"type":"ssvc"}}],"providerMetadata":{"dateUpdated":"2025-11-28T15:22:02.344Z","orgId":"134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0","shortName":"CISA-ADP"},"title":"CISA ADP Vulnrichment"}],"cna":{"affected":[{"defaultStatus":"unaffected","product":"Wirtualna Uczelnia","vendor":"Simple SA","versions":[{"lessThan":"wu#2016.1.5513#0#20251014_113353","status":"affected","version":"0","versionType":"custom"}]}],"credits":[{"lang":"en","type":"finder","value":"Marcin Ressel"}],"descriptions":[{"lang":"en","supportingMedia":[{"base64":false,"type":"text/html","value":"<span style=\"background-color: rgb(252, 252, 252);\">The application contains an insecure 'redirectToUrl' mechanism that incorrectly processes the value of the 'redirectUrlParameter' parameter. The application interprets the entered string of characters as a Java expression, <span style=\"background-color: rgba(221, 223, 228, 0.04);\">allowing an unauthenticated attacer to perform arbitrary code execution</span>.<br></span>This issue was fixed in version&nbsp;wu#2016.1.5513#0#20251014_113353"}],"value":"The application contains an insecure 'redirectToUrl' mechanism that incorrectly processes the value of the 'redirectUrlParameter' parameter. The application interprets the entered string of characters as a Java expression, allowing an unauthenticated attacer to perform arbitrary code execution.\nThis issue was fixed in version wu#2016.1.5513#0#20251014_113353"}],"impacts":[{"capecId":"CAPEC-242","descriptions":[{"lang":"en","value":"CAPEC-242 Code Injection"}]}],"metrics":[{"cvssV4_0":{"Automatable":"NOT_DEFINED","Recovery":"NOT_DEFINED","Safety":"NOT_DEFINED","attackComplexity":"LOW","attackRequirements":"NONE","attackVector":"NETWORK","baseScore":9.3,"baseSeverity":"CRITICAL","privilegesRequired":"NONE","providerUrgency":"NOT_DEFINED","subAvailabilityImpact":"NONE","subConfidentialityImpact":"NONE","subIntegrityImpact":"NONE","userInteraction":"NONE","valueDensity":"NOT_DEFINED","vectorString":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N","version":"4.0","vulnAvailabilityImpact":"HIGH","vulnConfidentialityImpact":"HIGH","vulnIntegrityImpact":"HIGH","vulnerabilityResponseEffort":"NOT_DEFINED"},"format":"CVSS","scenarios":[{"lang":"en","value":"GENERAL"}]}],"problemTypes":[{"descriptions":[{"cweId":"CWE-95","description":"CWE-95 Improper Neutralization of Directives in Dynamically Evaluated Code ('Eval Injection')","lang":"en","type":"CWE"}]}],"providerMetadata":{"dateUpdated":"2025-11-27T14:01:59.138Z","orgId":"4bb8329e-dd38-46c1-aafb-9bf32bcb93c6","shortName":"CERT-PL"},"references":[{"url":"https://cert.pl/posts/2025/11/CVE-2025-12140/"}],"source":{"discovery":"UNKNOWN"},"title":"RCE in Wirtualna Uczelnia","x_generator":{"engine":"Vulnogram 0.2.0"}}},"cveMetadata":{"assignerOrgId":"4bb8329e-dd38-46c1-aafb-9bf32bcb93c6","assignerShortName":"CERT-PL","cveId":"CVE-2025-12140","datePublished":"2025-11-27T14:01:59.138Z","dateReserved":"2025-10-24T07:06:39.667Z","dateUpdated":"2025-11-28T15:22:02.344Z","state":"PUBLISHED"},"dataType":"CVE_RECORD","dataVersion":"5.2"},"nvd":{"publishedDate":"2025-11-27 14:15:50","lastModifiedDate":"2026-10-18 20:10:00","problem_types":["CWE-95","CWE-95 CWE-95 Improper Neutralization of Directives in Dynamically Evaluated Code ('Eval Injection')"],"metrics":{"cvssMetricV40":[{"source":"cvd@cert.pl","type":"Secondary","cvssData":{"version":"4.0","vectorString":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X","baseScore":9.3,"baseSeverity":"CRITICAL","attackVector":"NETWORK","attackComplexity":"LOW","attackRequirements":"NONE","privilegesRequired":"NONE","userInteraction":"NONE","vulnConfidentialityImpact":"HIGH","vulnIntegrityImpact":"HIGH","vulnAvailabilityImpact":"HIGH","subConfidentialityImpact":"NONE","subIntegrityImpact":"NONE","subAvailabilityImpact":"NONE","exploitMaturity":"NOT_DEFINED","confidentialityRequirement":"NOT_DEFINED","integrityRequirement":"NOT_DEFINED","availabilityRequirement":"NOT_DEFINED","modifiedAttackVector":"NOT_DEFINED","modifiedAttackComplexity":"NOT_DEFINED","modifiedAttackRequirements":"NOT_DEFINED","modifiedPrivilegesRequired":"NOT_DEFINED","modifiedUserInteraction":"NOT_DEFINED","modifiedVulnConfidentialityImpact":"NOT_DEFINED","modifiedVulnIntegrityImpact":"NOT_DEFINED","modifiedVulnAvailabilityImpact":"NOT_DEFINED","modifiedSubConfidentialityImpact":"NOT_DEFINED","modifiedSubIntegrityImpact":"NOT_DEFINED","modifiedSubAvailabilityImpact":"NOT_DEFINED","Safety":"NOT_DEFINED","Automatable":"NOT_DEFINED","Recovery":"NOT_DEFINED","valueDensity":"NOT_DEFINED","vulnerabilityResponseEffort":"NOT_DEFINED","providerUrgency":"NOT_DEFINED"}}],"ssvcV203":[{"source":"134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0","ssvcData":{"timestamp":"2025-11-28T15:21:55.102501Z","id":"CVE-2025-12140","options":[{"exploitation":"none"},{"automatable":"yes"},{"technicalImpact":"total"}],"role":"CISA Coordinator","version":"2.0.3"}}]},"configurations":[]},"legacy_mitre":{"record":{"CveYear":"2025","CveId":"12140","Ordinal":"1","Title":"RCE in Wirtualna Uczelnia","CVE":"CVE-2025-12140","Year":"2025"},"notes":[{"CveYear":"2025","CveId":"12140","Ordinal":"1","NoteData":"The application contains an insecure 'redirectToUrl' mechanism that incorrectly processes the value of the 'redirectUrlParameter' parameter. The application interprets the entered string of characters as a Java expression, allowing an unauthenticated attacer to perform arbitrary code execution.\nThis issue was fixed in version wu#2016.1.5513#0#20251014_113353","Type":"Description","Title":"RCE in Wirtualna Uczelnia"}]}}}