{"api_version":"1","generated_at":"2026-10-21T18:43:01+00:00","cve":"CVE-2025-14178","urls":{"html":"https://cve.report/CVE-2025-14178","api":"https://cve.report/api/cve/CVE-2025-14178.json","docs":"https://cve.report/api","cve_org":"https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-14178","nvd":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-14178"},"summary":{"title":"Heap buffer overflow in array_merge()","description":"In PHP versions:8.1.* before 8.1.34, 8.2.* before 8.2.30, 8.3.* before 8.3.29, 8.4.* before 8.4.16, 8.5.* before 8.5.1, a heap buffer overflow occurs in array_merge() when the total element count of packed arrays exceeds 32-bit limits or HT_MAX_SIZE, due to an integer overflow in the precomputation of element counts using zend_hash_num_elements(). This may lead to memory corruption or crashes and affect the integrity and availability of the target server.","state":"PUBLISHED","assigner":"php","published_at":"2025-12-27 20:15:40","updated_at":"2026-10-13 09:10:00"},"problem_types":["CWE-190","CWE-787","CWE-787 CWE-787 Out-of-bounds Write","CWE-190 CWE-190 Integer Overflow or Wraparound"],"metrics":[{"version":"3.1","source":"nvd@nist.gov","type":"Primary","score":"8.2","severity":"HIGH","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:H","data":{"version":"3.1","vectorString":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:H","baseScore":8.2,"baseSeverity":"HIGH","attackVector":"NETWORK","attackComplexity":"LOW","privilegesRequired":"NONE","userInteraction":"NONE","scope":"UNCHANGED","confidentialityImpact":"NONE","integrityImpact":"LOW","availabilityImpact":"HIGH"}},{"version":"3.1","source":"security@php.net","type":"Secondary","score":"6.5","severity":"MEDIUM","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:H","data":{"version":"3.1","vectorString":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:H","baseScore":6.5,"baseSeverity":"MEDIUM","attackVector":"NETWORK","attackComplexity":"HIGH","privilegesRequired":"NONE","userInteraction":"NONE","scope":"UNCHANGED","confidentialityImpact":"NONE","integrityImpact":"LOW","availabilityImpact":"HIGH"}},{"version":"3.1","source":"CNA","type":"CVSS","score":"6.5","severity":"MEDIUM","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:H","data":{"attackComplexity":"HIGH","attackVector":"NETWORK","availabilityImpact":"HIGH","baseScore":6.5,"baseSeverity":"MEDIUM","confidentialityImpact":"NONE","integrityImpact":"LOW","privilegesRequired":"NONE","scope":"UNCHANGED","userInteraction":"NONE","vectorString":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:H","version":"3.1"}}],"references":[{"url":"https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2026/01/msg00019.html","name":"https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2026/01/msg00019.html","refsource":"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108","tags":[],"title":"","mime":"","httpstatus":"","archivestatus":"0"},{"url":"https://github.com/php/php-src/security/advisories/GHSA-h96m-rvf9-jgm2","name":"https://github.com/php/php-src/security/advisories/GHSA-h96m-rvf9-jgm2","refsource":"security@php.net","tags":["Vendor Advisory"],"title":"","mime":"","httpstatus":"","archivestatus":"0"},{"url":"https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-14178","name":"CVE Program record","refsource":"CVE.ORG","tags":["canonical"]},{"url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-14178","name":"NVD vulnerability detail","refsource":"NVD","tags":["canonical","analysis"]}],"affected":[{"source":"CNA","vendor":"PHP Group","product":"PHP","version":"affected 8.1.* 8.1.34 semver","platforms":[]},{"source":"CNA","vendor":"PHP Group","product":"PHP","version":"affected 8.2.* 8.2.30 semver","platforms":[]},{"source":"CNA","vendor":"PHP Group","product":"PHP","version":"affected 8.3.* 8.3.29 semver","platforms":[]},{"source":"CNA","vendor":"PHP Group","product":"PHP","version":"affected 8.4.* 8.4.16 semver","platforms":[]},{"source":"CNA","vendor":"PHP Group","product":"PHP","version":"affected 8.5.* 8.5.1 semver","platforms":[]}],"timeline":[],"solutions":[],"workarounds":[],"exploits":[],"credits":[{"source":"CNA","value":"Niels Dossche","lang":"en"}],"nvd_cpes":[{"cve_year":"2025","cve_id":"14178","vulnerable":"1","versionEndIncluding":"","cpe1":"cpe","cpe2":"2.3","cpe3":"a","cpe4":"php","cpe5":"php","cpe6":"*","cpe7":"*","cpe8":"*","cpe9":"*","cpe10":"*","cpe11":"*","cpe12":"*","cpe13":"*"}],"vendor_comments":[],"enrichments":{"kev":null,"epss":null,"legacy_qids":[]},"source_records":{"cve_program":{"containers":{"adp":[{"metrics":[{"other":{"content":{"id":"CVE-2025-14178","options":[{"Exploitation":"poc"},{"Automatable":"no"},{"Technical Impact":"partial"}],"role":"CISA Coordinator","timestamp":"2025-12-29T16:00:50.197017Z","version":"2.0.3"},"type":"ssvc"}}],"providerMetadata":{"dateUpdated":"2025-12-29T16:01:02.639Z","orgId":"134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0","shortName":"CISA-ADP"},"title":"CISA ADP Vulnrichment"},{"providerMetadata":{"dateUpdated":"2026-01-24T11:04:01.892Z","orgId":"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108","shortName":"CVE"},"references":[{"url":"https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2026/01/msg00019.html"}],"title":"CVE Program Container"}],"cna":{"affected":[{"defaultStatus":"affected","packageName":"php","product":"PHP","vendor":"PHP Group","versions":[{"lessThan":"8.1.34","status":"affected","version":"8.1.*","versionType":"semver"},{"lessThan":"8.2.30","status":"affected","version":"8.2.*","versionType":"semver"},{"lessThan":"8.3.29","status":"affected","version":"8.3.*","versionType":"semver"},{"lessThan":"8.4.16","status":"affected","version":"8.4.*","versionType":"semver"},{"lessThan":"8.5.1","status":"affected","version":"8.5.*","versionType":"semver"}]}],"credits":[{"lang":"en","type":"reporter","value":"Niels Dossche"}],"datePublic":"2025-12-18T00:00:00.000Z","descriptions":[{"lang":"en","supportingMedia":[{"base64":false,"type":"text/html","value":"<p>In PHP versions:8.1.* before 8.1.34, 8.2.* before 8.2.30, 8.3.* before 8.3.29, 8.4.* before 8.4.16, 8.5.* before 8.5.1, a heap buffer overflow occurs in array_merge() when the total element count of packed arrays exceeds 32-bit limits or HT_MAX_SIZE, due to an integer overflow in the precomputation of element counts using zend_hash_num_elements(). This may lead to memory corruption or crashes and affect the integrity and availability of the target server.</p>"}],"value":"In PHP versions:8.1.* before 8.1.34, 8.2.* before 8.2.30, 8.3.* before 8.3.29, 8.4.* before 8.4.16, 8.5.* before 8.5.1, a heap buffer overflow occurs in array_merge() when the total element count of packed arrays exceeds 32-bit limits or HT_MAX_SIZE, due to an integer overflow in the precomputation of element counts using zend_hash_num_elements(). This may lead to memory corruption or crashes and affect the integrity and availability of the target server."}],"metrics":[{"cvssV3_1":{"attackComplexity":"HIGH","attackVector":"NETWORK","availabilityImpact":"HIGH","baseScore":6.5,"baseSeverity":"MEDIUM","confidentialityImpact":"NONE","integrityImpact":"LOW","privilegesRequired":"NONE","scope":"UNCHANGED","userInteraction":"NONE","vectorString":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:H","version":"3.1"},"format":"CVSS","scenarios":[{"lang":"en","value":"GENERAL"}]}],"problemTypes":[{"descriptions":[{"cweId":"CWE-787","description":"CWE-787 Out-of-bounds Write","lang":"en","type":"CWE"}]},{"descriptions":[{"cweId":"CWE-190","description":"CWE-190 Integer Overflow or Wraparound","lang":"en","type":"CWE"}]}],"providerMetadata":{"dateUpdated":"2025-12-27T19:27:41.691Z","orgId":"dd77f84a-d19a-4638-8c3d-a322d820ed2b","shortName":"php"},"references":[{"url":"https://github.com/php/php-src/security/advisories/GHSA-h96m-rvf9-jgm2"}],"source":{"advisory":"GHSA-h96m-rvf9-jgm2","discovery":"INTERNAL"},"title":"Heap buffer overflow in array_merge()","x_generator":{"engine":"Vulnogram 0.2.0"}}},"cveMetadata":{"assignerOrgId":"dd77f84a-d19a-4638-8c3d-a322d820ed2b","assignerShortName":"php","cveId":"CVE-2025-14178","datePublished":"2025-12-27T19:27:41.691Z","dateReserved":"2025-12-06T06:25:31.535Z","dateUpdated":"2026-01-24T11:04:01.892Z","state":"PUBLISHED"},"dataType":"CVE_RECORD","dataVersion":"5.2"},"nvd":{"publishedDate":"2025-12-27 20:15:40","lastModifiedDate":"2026-10-13 09:10:00","problem_types":["CWE-190","CWE-787","CWE-787 CWE-787 Out-of-bounds Write","CWE-190 CWE-190 Integer Overflow or Wraparound"],"metrics":{"cvssMetricV31":[{"source":"security@php.net","type":"Secondary","cvssData":{"version":"3.1","vectorString":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:H","baseScore":6.5,"baseSeverity":"MEDIUM","attackVector":"NETWORK","attackComplexity":"HIGH","privilegesRequired":"NONE","userInteraction":"NONE","scope":"UNCHANGED","confidentialityImpact":"NONE","integrityImpact":"LOW","availabilityImpact":"HIGH"},"exploitabilityScore":2.2,"impactScore":4.2},{"source":"nvd@nist.gov","type":"Primary","cvssData":{"version":"3.1","vectorString":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:H","baseScore":8.2,"baseSeverity":"HIGH","attackVector":"NETWORK","attackComplexity":"LOW","privilegesRequired":"NONE","userInteraction":"NONE","scope":"UNCHANGED","confidentialityImpact":"NONE","integrityImpact":"LOW","availabilityImpact":"HIGH"},"exploitabilityScore":3.9,"impactScore":4.2}],"ssvcV203":[{"source":"134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0","ssvcData":{"timestamp":"2025-12-29T16:00:50.197017Z","id":"CVE-2025-14178","options":[{"exploitation":"poc"},{"automatable":"no"},{"technicalImpact":"partial"}],"role":"CISA Coordinator","version":"2.0.3"}}]},"configurations":[{"nodes":[{"operator":"OR","negate":false,"cpeMatch":[{"vulnerable":true,"criteria":"cpe:2.3:a:php:php:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","versionStartIncluding":"8.1.0","versionEndExcluding":"8.1.34","matchCriteriaId":"56FCF002-3946-40DF-A774-75C6DDE6CA26"},{"vulnerable":true,"criteria":"cpe:2.3:a:php:php:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","versionStartIncluding":"8.2.0","versionEndExcluding":"8.2.30","matchCriteriaId":"AB314013-4F2F-40F0-968B-35FEC22CC8A4"},{"vulnerable":true,"criteria":"cpe:2.3:a:php:php:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","versionStartIncluding":"8.3.0","versionEndExcluding":"8.3.29","matchCriteriaId":"DAD5402D-688D-44AA-B083-5157FDC53D7A"},{"vulnerable":true,"criteria":"cpe:2.3:a:php:php:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","versionStartIncluding":"8.4.0","versionEndExcluding":"8.4.16","matchCriteriaId":"8813328B-AC06-4060-916F-CD27144F41E2"},{"vulnerable":true,"criteria":"cpe:2.3:a:php:php:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","versionStartIncluding":"8.5.0","versionEndExcluding":"8.5.1","matchCriteriaId":"E56CD990-B79E-4253-B810-13787B23B028"}]}]}]},"legacy_mitre":{"record":{"CveYear":"2025","CveId":"14178","Ordinal":"1","Title":"Heap buffer overflow in array_merge()","CVE":"CVE-2025-14178","Year":"2025"},"notes":[{"CveYear":"2025","CveId":"14178","Ordinal":"1","NoteData":"In PHP versions:8.1.* before 8.1.34, 8.2.* before 8.2.30, 8.3.* before 8.3.29, 8.4.* before 8.4.16, 8.5.* before 8.5.1, a heap buffer overflow occurs in array_merge() when the total element count of packed arrays exceeds 32-bit limits or HT_MAX_SIZE, due to an integer overflow in the precomputation of element counts using zend_hash_num_elements(). This may lead to memory corruption or crashes and affect the integrity and availability of the target server.","Type":"Description","Title":"Heap buffer overflow in array_merge()"}]}}}