{"api_version":"1","generated_at":"2026-07-23T12:50:02+00:00","cve":"CVE-2025-21999","urls":{"html":"https://cve.report/CVE-2025-21999","api":"https://cve.report/api/cve/CVE-2025-21999.json","docs":"https://cve.report/api","cve_org":"https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-21999","nvd":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-21999"},"summary":{"title":"proc: fix UAF in proc_get_inode()","description":"In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nproc: fix UAF in proc_get_inode()\n\nFix race between rmmod and /proc/XXX's inode instantiation.\n\nThe bug is that pde->proc_ops don't belong to /proc, it belongs to a\nmodule, therefore dereferencing it after /proc entry has been registered\nis a bug unless use_pde/unuse_pde() pair has been used.\n\nuse_pde/unuse_pde can be avoided (2 atomic ops!) because pde->proc_ops\nnever changes so information necessary for inode instantiation can be\nsaved _before_ proc_register() in PDE itself and used later, avoiding\npde->proc_ops->...  dereference.\n\n      rmmod                         lookup\nsys_delete_module\n                         proc_lookup_de\n\t\t\t   pde_get(de);\n\t\t\t   proc_get_inode(dir->i_sb, de);\n  mod->exit()\n    proc_remove\n      remove_proc_subtree\n       proc_entry_rundown(de);\n  free_module(mod);\n\n                               if (S_ISREG(inode->i_mode))\n\t                         if (de->proc_ops->proc_read_iter)\n                           --> As module is already freed, will trigger UAF\n\nBUG: unable to handle page fault for address: fffffbfff80a702b\nPGD 817fc4067 P4D 817fc4067 PUD 817fc0067 PMD 102ef4067 PTE 0\nOops: Oops: 0000 [#1] PREEMPT SMP KASAN PTI\nCPU: 26 UID: 0 PID: 2667 Comm: ls Tainted: G\nHardware name: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996)\nRIP: 0010:proc_get_inode+0x302/0x6e0\nRSP: 0018:ffff88811c837998 EFLAGS: 00010a06\nRAX: dffffc0000000000 RBX: ffffffffc0538140 RCX: 0000000000000007\nRDX: 1ffffffff80a702b RSI: 0000000000000001 RDI: ffffffffc0538158\nRBP: ffff8881299a6000 R08: 0000000067bbe1e5 R09: 1ffff11023906f20\nR10: ffffffffb560ca07 R11: ffffffffb2b43a58 R12: ffff888105bb78f0\nR13: ffff888100518048 R14: ffff8881299a6004 R15: 0000000000000001\nFS:  00007f95b9686840(0000) GS:ffff8883af100000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000\nCS:  0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033\nCR2: fffffbfff80a702b CR3: 0000000117dd2000 CR4: 00000000000006f0\nDR0: 0000000000000000 DR1: 0000000000000000 DR2: 0000000000000000\nDR3: 0000000000000000 DR6: 00000000fffe0ff0 DR7: 0000000000000400\nCall Trace:\n <TASK>\n proc_lookup_de+0x11f/0x2e0\n __lookup_slow+0x188/0x350\n walk_component+0x2ab/0x4f0\n path_lookupat+0x120/0x660\n filename_lookup+0x1ce/0x560\n vfs_statx+0xac/0x150\n __do_sys_newstat+0x96/0x110\n do_syscall_64+0x5f/0x170\n entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x76/0x7e\n\n[adobriyan@gmail.com: don't do 2 atomic ops on the common path]","state":"PUBLISHED","assigner":"Linux","published_at":"2025-04-03 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the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nproc: fix UAF in proc_get_inode()\n\nFix race between rmmod and /proc/XXX's inode instantiation.\n\nThe bug is that pde->proc_ops don't belong to /proc, it belongs to a\nmodule, therefore dereferencing it after /proc entry has been registered\nis a bug unless use_pde/unuse_pde() pair has been used.\n\nuse_pde/unuse_pde can be avoided (2 atomic ops!) because pde->proc_ops\nnever changes so information necessary for inode instantiation can be\nsaved _before_ proc_register() in PDE itself and used later, avoiding\npde->proc_ops->...  dereference.\n\n      rmmod                         lookup\nsys_delete_module\n                         proc_lookup_de\n\t\t\t   pde_get(de);\n\t\t\t   proc_get_inode(dir->i_sb, de);\n  mod->exit()\n    proc_remove\n      remove_proc_subtree\n       proc_entry_rundown(de);\n  free_module(mod);\n\n                               if (S_ISREG(inode->i_mode))\n\t                         if (de->proc_ops->proc_read_iter)\n                           --> As module is already freed, will trigger UAF\n\nBUG: unable to handle page fault for address: fffffbfff80a702b\nPGD 817fc4067 P4D 817fc4067 PUD 817fc0067 PMD 102ef4067 PTE 0\nOops: Oops: 0000 [#1] PREEMPT SMP KASAN PTI\nCPU: 26 UID: 0 PID: 2667 Comm: ls Tainted: G\nHardware name: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996)\nRIP: 0010:proc_get_inode+0x302/0x6e0\nRSP: 0018:ffff88811c837998 EFLAGS: 00010a06\nRAX: dffffc0000000000 RBX: ffffffffc0538140 RCX: 0000000000000007\nRDX: 1ffffffff80a702b RSI: 0000000000000001 RDI: ffffffffc0538158\nRBP: ffff8881299a6000 R08: 0000000067bbe1e5 R09: 1ffff11023906f20\nR10: ffffffffb560ca07 R11: ffffffffb2b43a58 R12: ffff888105bb78f0\nR13: ffff888100518048 R14: ffff8881299a6004 R15: 0000000000000001\nFS:  00007f95b9686840(0000) GS:ffff8883af100000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000\nCS:  0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033\nCR2: fffffbfff80a702b CR3: 0000000117dd2000 CR4: 00000000000006f0\nDR0: 0000000000000000 DR1: 0000000000000000 DR2: 0000000000000000\nDR3: 0000000000000000 DR6: 00000000fffe0ff0 DR7: 0000000000000400\nCall Trace:\n <TASK>\n proc_lookup_de+0x11f/0x2e0\n __lookup_slow+0x188/0x350\n walk_component+0x2ab/0x4f0\n path_lookupat+0x120/0x660\n filename_lookup+0x1ce/0x560\n vfs_statx+0xac/0x150\n __do_sys_newstat+0x96/0x110\n do_syscall_64+0x5f/0x170\n entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x76/0x7e\n\n[adobriyan@gmail.com: don't do 2 atomic ops on the common path]"}],"providerMetadata":{"dateUpdated":"2026-05-11T21:10:41.402Z","orgId":"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67","shortName":"Linux"},"references":[{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/eda279586e571b05dff44d48e05f8977ad05855d"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/4b0b8445b6fd41e6f62ac90547a0ea9d348de3fa"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/966f331403dc3ed04ff64eaf3930cf1267965e53"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/63b53198aff2e4e6c5866a4ff73c7891f958ffa4"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/ede3e8ac90ae106f0b29cd759aadebc1568f1308"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/64dc7c68e040251d9ec6e989acb69f8f6ae4a10b"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/654b33ada4ab5e926cd9c570196fefa7bec7c1df"}],"title":"proc: fix UAF in proc_get_inode()","x_generator":{"engine":"bippy-1.2.0"}}},"cveMetadata":{"assignerOrgId":"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67","assignerShortName":"Linux","cveId":"CVE-2025-21999","datePublished":"2025-04-03T07:19:03.040Z","dateReserved":"2024-12-29T08:45:45.801Z","dateUpdated":"2026-07-14T12:40:36.768Z","state":"PUBLISHED"},"dataType":"CVE_RECORD","dataVersion":"5.2"},"nvd":{"publishedDate":"2025-04-03 08:15:15","lastModifiedDate":"2026-07-14 13:17:28","problem_types":["CWE-416","CWE-416 CWE-416 Use After Free"],"metrics":{"cvssMetricV31":[{"source":"134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0","type":"Secondary","cvssData":{"version":"3.1","vectorString":"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","baseScore":7.8,"baseSeverity":"HIGH","attackVector":"LOCAL","attackComplexity":"LOW","privilegesRequired":"LOW","userInteraction":"NONE","scope":"UNCHANGED","confidentialityImpact":"HIGH","integrityImpact":"HIGH","availabilityImpact":"HIGH"},"exploitabilityScore":1.8,"impactScore":5.9}],"ssvcV203":[{"source":"134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0","ssvcData":{"timestamp":"2025-04-03T15:26:31.372538Z","id":"CVE-2025-21999","options":[{"exploitation":"none"},{"automatable":"no"},{"technicalImpact":"total"}],"role":"CISA Coordinator","version":"2.0.3"}}]},"configurations":[{"nodes":[{"operator":"OR","negate":false,"cpeMatch":[{"vulnerable":true,"criteria":"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","versionStartIncluding":"2.6.23","versionEndExcluding":"6.1.132","matchCriteriaId":"D37319E3-8D34-4CCC-9B92-A411C571A016"},{"vulnerable":true,"criteria":"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","versionStartIncluding":"6.2","versionEndExcluding":"6.6.85","matchCriteriaId":"BCB56F36-C998-496A-A2E4-D9E0BB3A5BFC"},{"vulnerable":true,"criteria":"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","versionStartIncluding":"6.7","versionEndExcluding":"6.12.21","matchCriteriaId":"3B63C450-D73B-4A53-9861-98E25C16E842"},{"vulnerable":true,"criteria":"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","versionStartIncluding":"6.13","versionEndExcluding":"6.13.9","matchCriteriaId":"FAECBE4D-58CF-4836-BBAB-5E28B800A778"},{"vulnerable":true,"criteria":"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.14:rc1:*:*:*:*:*:*","matchCriteriaId":"186716B6-2B66-4BD0-852E-D48E71C0C85F"},{"vulnerable":true,"criteria":"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.14:rc2:*:*:*:*:*:*","matchCriteriaId":"0D3E781C-403A-498F-9DA9-ECEE50F41E75"},{"vulnerable":true,"criteria":"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.14:rc3:*:*:*:*:*:*","matchCriteriaId":"66619FB8-0AAF-4166-B2CF-67B24143261D"},{"vulnerable":true,"criteria":"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.14:rc4:*:*:*:*:*:*","matchCriteriaId":"D3D6550E-6679-4560-902D-AF52DCFE905B"}]}]}]},"legacy_mitre":{"record":{"CveYear":"2025","CveId":"21999","Ordinal":"1","Title":"proc: fix UAF in proc_get_inode()","CVE":"CVE-2025-21999","Year":"2025"},"notes":[{"CveYear":"2025","CveId":"21999","Ordinal":"1","NoteData":"In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nproc: fix UAF in proc_get_inode()\n\nFix race between rmmod and /proc/XXX's inode instantiation.\n\nThe bug is that pde->proc_ops don't belong to /proc, it belongs to a\nmodule, therefore dereferencing it after /proc entry has been registered\nis a bug unless use_pde/unuse_pde() pair has been used.\n\nuse_pde/unuse_pde can be avoided (2 atomic ops!) because pde->proc_ops\nnever changes so information necessary for inode instantiation can be\nsaved _before_ proc_register() in PDE itself and used later, avoiding\npde->proc_ops->...  dereference.\n\n      rmmod                         lookup\nsys_delete_module\n                         proc_lookup_de\n\t\t\t   pde_get(de);\n\t\t\t   proc_get_inode(dir->i_sb, de);\n  mod->exit()\n    proc_remove\n      remove_proc_subtree\n       proc_entry_rundown(de);\n  free_module(mod);\n\n                               if (S_ISREG(inode->i_mode))\n\t                         if (de->proc_ops->proc_read_iter)\n                           --> As module is already freed, will trigger UAF\n\nBUG: unable to handle page fault for address: fffffbfff80a702b\nPGD 817fc4067 P4D 817fc4067 PUD 817fc0067 PMD 102ef4067 PTE 0\nOops: Oops: 0000 [#1] PREEMPT SMP KASAN PTI\nCPU: 26 UID: 0 PID: 2667 Comm: ls Tainted: G\nHardware name: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996)\nRIP: 0010:proc_get_inode+0x302/0x6e0\nRSP: 0018:ffff88811c837998 EFLAGS: 00010a06\nRAX: dffffc0000000000 RBX: ffffffffc0538140 RCX: 0000000000000007\nRDX: 1ffffffff80a702b RSI: 0000000000000001 RDI: ffffffffc0538158\nRBP: ffff8881299a6000 R08: 0000000067bbe1e5 R09: 1ffff11023906f20\nR10: ffffffffb560ca07 R11: ffffffffb2b43a58 R12: ffff888105bb78f0\nR13: ffff888100518048 R14: ffff8881299a6004 R15: 0000000000000001\nFS:  00007f95b9686840(0000) GS:ffff8883af100000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000\nCS:  0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033\nCR2: fffffbfff80a702b CR3: 0000000117dd2000 CR4: 00000000000006f0\nDR0: 0000000000000000 DR1: 0000000000000000 DR2: 0000000000000000\nDR3: 0000000000000000 DR6: 00000000fffe0ff0 DR7: 0000000000000400\nCall Trace:\n <TASK>\n proc_lookup_de+0x11f/0x2e0\n __lookup_slow+0x188/0x350\n walk_component+0x2ab/0x4f0\n path_lookupat+0x120/0x660\n filename_lookup+0x1ce/0x560\n vfs_statx+0xac/0x150\n __do_sys_newstat+0x96/0x110\n do_syscall_64+0x5f/0x170\n entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x76/0x7e\n\n[adobriyan@gmail.com: don't do 2 atomic ops on the common path]","Type":"Description","Title":"proc: fix UAF in proc_get_inode()"}]}}}