{"api_version":"1","generated_at":"2026-11-03T16:43:41+00:00","cve":"CVE-2025-34457","urls":{"html":"https://cve.report/CVE-2025-34457","api":"https://cve.report/api/cve/CVE-2025-34457.json","docs":"https://cve.report/api","cve_org":"https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-34457","nvd":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-34457"},"summary":{"title":"wb2osz/direwolf <= 1.8.1 Stack-based Buffer Overflow DoS","description":"wb2osz/direwolf (Dire Wolf) versions up to and including 1.8.1, prior to commit 694c954, contain a stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability in the function kiss_rec_byte() located in src/kiss_frame.c. When processing crafted KISS frames that reach the maximum allowed frame length (MAX_KISS_LEN), the function appends a terminating FEND byte without reserving sufficient space in the stack buffer. This results in an out-of-bounds write followed by an out-of-bounds read during the subsequent call to kiss_unwrap(), leading to stack memory corruption or application crashes. This vulnerability may allow remote unauthenticated attackers to trigger a denial-of-service condition.","state":"PUBLISHED","assigner":"VulnCheck","published_at":"2025-12-22 22:16:04","updated_at":"2026-10-29 21:17:04"},"problem_types":["CWE-121","CWE-121 CWE-121 Stack-based Buffer Overflow"],"metrics":[{"version":"4.0","source":"disclosure@vulncheck.com","type":"Secondary","score":"8.7","severity":"HIGH","vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X","data":{"version":"4.0","vectorString":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X","baseScore":8.7,"baseSeverity":"HIGH","attackVector":"NETWORK","attackComplexity":"LOW","attackRequirements":"NONE","privilegesRequired":"NONE","userInteraction":"NONE","vulnConfidentialityImpact":"NONE","vulnIntegrityImpact":"NONE","vulnAvailabilityImpact":"HIGH","subConfidentialityImpact":"NONE","subIntegrityImpact":"NONE","subAvailabilityImpact":"NONE","exploitMaturity":"NOT_DEFINED","confidentialityRequirement":"NOT_DEFINED","integrityRequirement":"NOT_DEFINED","availabilityRequirement":"NOT_DEFINED","modifiedAttackVector":"NOT_DEFINED","modifiedAttackComplexity":"NOT_DEFINED","modifiedAttackRequirements":"NOT_DEFINED","modifiedPrivilegesRequired":"NOT_DEFINED","modifiedUserInteraction":"NOT_DEFINED","modifiedVulnConfidentialityImpact":"NOT_DEFINED","modifiedVulnIntegrityImpact":"NOT_DEFINED","modifiedVulnAvailabilityImpact":"NOT_DEFINED","modifiedSubConfidentialityImpact":"NOT_DEFINED","modifiedSubIntegrityImpact":"NOT_DEFINED","modifiedSubAvailabilityImpact":"NOT_DEFINED","Safety":"NOT_DEFINED","Automatable":"NOT_DEFINED","Recovery":"NOT_DEFINED","valueDensity":"NOT_DEFINED","vulnerabilityResponseEffort":"NOT_DEFINED","providerUrgency":"NOT_DEFINED"}},{"version":"4.0","source":"CNA","type":"CVSS","score":"8.7","severity":"HIGH","vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N","data":{"Automatable":"NOT_DEFINED","Recovery":"NOT_DEFINED","Safety":"NOT_DEFINED","attackComplexity":"LOW","attackRequirements":"NONE","attackVector":"NETWORK","baseScore":8.7,"baseSeverity":"HIGH","exploitMaturity":"NOT_DEFINED","privilegesRequired":"NONE","providerUrgency":"NOT_DEFINED","subAvailabilityImpact":"NONE","subConfidentialityImpact":"NONE","subIntegrityImpact":"NONE","userInteraction":"NONE","valueDensity":"NOT_DEFINED","vectorString":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N","version":"4.0","vulnAvailabilityImpact":"HIGH","vulnConfidentialityImpact":"NONE","vulnIntegrityImpact":"NONE","vulnerabilityResponseEffort":"NOT_DEFINED"}}],"references":[{"url":"https://github.com/wb2osz/direwolf/commit/694c954","name":"https://github.com/wb2osz/direwolf/commit/694c954","refsource":"disclosure@vulncheck.com","tags":[],"title":"","mime":"","httpstatus":"","archivestatus":"0"},{"url":"https://github.com/wb2osz/direwolf/issues/617","name":"https://github.com/wb2osz/direwolf/issues/617","refsource":"disclosure@vulncheck.com","tags":[],"title":"","mime":"","httpstatus":"","archivestatus":"0"},{"url":"https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/wb2osz-direwolf-stack-based-buffer-overflow-dos","name":"https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/wb2osz-direwolf-stack-based-buffer-overflow-dos","refsource":"disclosure@vulncheck.com","tags":[],"title":"","mime":"","httpstatus":"","archivestatus":"0"},{"url":"https://github.com/marlinkcyber/advisories/blob/main/advisories/MCSAID-2025-010-direwolf-stack-buffer-overflow-kiss-frame.md","name":"https://github.com/marlinkcyber/advisories/blob/main/advisories/MCSAID-2025-010-direwolf-stack-buffer-overflow-kiss-frame.md","refsource":"disclosure@vulncheck.com","tags":[],"title":"","mime":"","httpstatus":"","archivestatus":"0"},{"url":"https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-34457","name":"CVE Program record","refsource":"CVE.ORG","tags":["canonical"]},{"url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-34457","name":"NVD vulnerability detail","refsource":"NVD","tags":["canonical","analysis"]}],"affected":[{"source":"CNA","vendor":"wb2osz","product":"Dire Wolf","version":"affected 1.8.1 semver","platforms":[]},{"source":"CNA","vendor":"wb2osz","product":"Dire Wolf","version":"unaffected 694c95485b21c1c22bc4682703771dec4d7a374b git","platforms":[]}],"timeline":[],"solutions":[],"workarounds":[],"exploits":[],"credits":[{"source":"CNA","value":"Vlatko Kosturjak with Marlink Cyber","lang":"en"}],"nvd_cpes":[],"vendor_comments":[],"enrichments":{"kev":null,"epss":{"cve_year":"2025","cve_id":"34457","cve":"CVE-2025-34457","epss":"0.005090000","percentile":"0.433540000","score_date":"2026-10-29","updated_at":"2026-10-30 00:05:31"},"legacy_qids":[]},"source_records":{"cve_program":{"containers":{"adp":[{"metrics":[{"other":{"content":{"id":"CVE-2025-34457","options":[{"Exploitation":"none"},{"Automatable":"yes"},{"Technical Impact":"partial"}],"role":"CISA Coordinator","timestamp":"2025-12-22T21:53:46.294245Z","version":"2.0.3"},"type":"ssvc"}}],"providerMetadata":{"dateUpdated":"2025-12-22T21:53:54.134Z","orgId":"134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0","shortName":"CISA-ADP"},"title":"CISA ADP Vulnrichment"}],"cna":{"affected":[{"defaultStatus":"unaffected","packageName":"direwolf","packageURL":"pkg:github/wb2osz/direwolf","product":"Dire Wolf","repo":"https://github.com/wb2osz/direwolf","vendor":"wb2osz","versions":[{"lessThanOrEqual":"1.8.1","status":"affected","version":"0","versionType":"semver"},{"status":"unaffected","version":"694c95485b21c1c22bc4682703771dec4d7a374b","versionType":"git"}]}],"credits":[{"lang":"en","type":"finder","value":"Vlatko Kosturjak with Marlink Cyber"}],"descriptions":[{"lang":"en","supportingMedia":[{"base64":false,"type":"text/html","value":"wb2osz/direwolf (Dire Wolf) versions up to and including 1.8.1, prior to commit 694c954, contain a stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability in the function kiss_rec_byte() located in src/kiss_frame.c. When processing crafted KISS frames that reach the maximum allowed frame length (MAX_KISS_LEN), the function appends a terminating FEND byte without reserving sufficient space in the stack buffer. This results in an out-of-bounds write followed by an out-of-bounds read during the subsequent call to kiss_unwrap(), leading to stack memory corruption or application crashes. This vulnerability may allow remote unauthenticated attackers to trigger a denial-of-service condition."}],"value":"wb2osz/direwolf (Dire Wolf) versions up to and including 1.8.1, prior to commit 694c954, contain a stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability in the function kiss_rec_byte() located in src/kiss_frame.c. When processing crafted KISS frames that reach the maximum allowed frame length (MAX_KISS_LEN), the function appends a terminating FEND byte without reserving sufficient space in the stack buffer. This results in an out-of-bounds write followed by an out-of-bounds read during the subsequent call to kiss_unwrap(), leading to stack memory corruption or application crashes. This vulnerability may allow remote unauthenticated attackers to trigger a denial-of-service condition."}],"metrics":[{"cvssV4_0":{"Automatable":"NOT_DEFINED","Recovery":"NOT_DEFINED","Safety":"NOT_DEFINED","attackComplexity":"LOW","attackRequirements":"NONE","attackVector":"NETWORK","baseScore":8.7,"baseSeverity":"HIGH","exploitMaturity":"NOT_DEFINED","privilegesRequired":"NONE","providerUrgency":"NOT_DEFINED","subAvailabilityImpact":"NONE","subConfidentialityImpact":"NONE","subIntegrityImpact":"NONE","userInteraction":"NONE","valueDensity":"NOT_DEFINED","vectorString":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N","version":"4.0","vulnAvailabilityImpact":"HIGH","vulnConfidentialityImpact":"NONE","vulnIntegrityImpact":"NONE","vulnerabilityResponseEffort":"NOT_DEFINED"},"format":"CVSS","scenarios":[{"lang":"en","value":"GENERAL"}]}],"problemTypes":[{"descriptions":[{"cweId":"CWE-121","description":"CWE-121 Stack-based Buffer Overflow","lang":"en","type":"CWE"}]}],"providerMetadata":{"dateUpdated":"2026-10-29T21:15:15.325Z","orgId":"83251b91-4cc7-4094-a5c7-464a1b83ea10","shortName":"VulnCheck"},"references":[{"tags":["technical-description","exploit"],"url":"https://github.com/marlinkcyber/advisories/blob/main/advisories/MCSAID-2025-010-direwolf-stack-buffer-overflow-kiss-frame.md"},{"tags":["issue-tracking"],"url":"https://github.com/wb2osz/direwolf/issues/617"},{"tags":["patch"],"url":"https://github.com/wb2osz/direwolf/commit/694c954"},{"tags":["third-party-advisory"],"url":"https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/wb2osz-direwolf-stack-based-buffer-overflow-dos"}],"source":{"discovery":"UNKNOWN"},"title":"wb2osz/direwolf <= 1.8.1 Stack-based Buffer Overflow DoS","x_generator":{"engine":"Vulnogram 0.5.0"}}},"cveMetadata":{"assignerOrgId":"83251b91-4cc7-4094-a5c7-464a1b83ea10","assignerShortName":"VulnCheck","cveId":"CVE-2025-34457","datePublished":"2025-12-22T21:30:29.670Z","dateReserved":"2025-04-15T19:15:22.603Z","dateUpdated":"2026-10-29T21:15:15.325Z","state":"PUBLISHED"},"dataType":"CVE_RECORD","dataVersion":"5.2"},"nvd":{"publishedDate":"2025-12-22 22:16:04","lastModifiedDate":"2026-10-29 21:17:04","problem_types":["CWE-121","CWE-121 CWE-121 Stack-based Buffer Overflow"],"metrics":{"cvssMetricV40":[{"source":"disclosure@vulncheck.com","type":"Secondary","cvssData":{"version":"4.0","vectorString":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X","baseScore":8.7,"baseSeverity":"HIGH","attackVector":"NETWORK","attackComplexity":"LOW","attackRequirements":"NONE","privilegesRequired":"NONE","userInteraction":"NONE","vulnConfidentialityImpact":"NONE","vulnIntegrityImpact":"NONE","vulnAvailabilityImpact":"HIGH","subConfidentialityImpact":"NONE","subIntegrityImpact":"NONE","subAvailabilityImpact":"NONE","exploitMaturity":"NOT_DEFINED","confidentialityRequirement":"NOT_DEFINED","integrityRequirement":"NOT_DEFINED","availabilityRequirement":"NOT_DEFINED","modifiedAttackVector":"NOT_DEFINED","modifiedAttackComplexity":"NOT_DEFINED","modifiedAttackRequirements":"NOT_DEFINED","modifiedPrivilegesRequired":"NOT_DEFINED","modifiedUserInteraction":"NOT_DEFINED","modifiedVulnConfidentialityImpact":"NOT_DEFINED","modifiedVulnIntegrityImpact":"NOT_DEFINED","modifiedVulnAvailabilityImpact":"NOT_DEFINED","modifiedSubConfidentialityImpact":"NOT_DEFINED","modifiedSubIntegrityImpact":"NOT_DEFINED","modifiedSubAvailabilityImpact":"NOT_DEFINED","Safety":"NOT_DEFINED","Automatable":"NOT_DEFINED","Recovery":"NOT_DEFINED","valueDensity":"NOT_DEFINED","vulnerabilityResponseEffort":"NOT_DEFINED","providerUrgency":"NOT_DEFINED"}}],"ssvcV203":[{"source":"134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0","ssvcData":{"timestamp":"2025-12-22T21:53:46.294245Z","id":"CVE-2025-34457","options":[{"exploitation":"none"},{"automatable":"yes"},{"technicalImpact":"partial"}],"role":"CISA Coordinator","version":"2.0.3"}}]},"configurations":[]},"legacy_mitre":{"record":{"CveYear":"2025","CveId":"34457","Ordinal":"1","Title":"wb2osz/direwolf <= 1.8.1 Stack-based Buffer Overflow DoS","CVE":"CVE-2025-34457","Year":"2025"},"notes":[{"CveYear":"2025","CveId":"34457","Ordinal":"1","NoteData":"wb2osz/direwolf (Dire Wolf) versions up to and including 1.8.1, prior to commit 694c954, contain a stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability in the function kiss_rec_byte() located in src/kiss_frame.c. When processing crafted KISS frames that reach the maximum allowed frame length (MAX_KISS_LEN), the function appends a terminating FEND byte without reserving sufficient space in the stack buffer. This results in an out-of-bounds write followed by an out-of-bounds read during the subsequent call to kiss_unwrap(), leading to stack memory corruption or application crashes. This vulnerability may allow remote unauthenticated attackers to trigger a denial-of-service condition.","Type":"Description","Title":"wb2osz/direwolf <= 1.8.1 Stack-based Buffer Overflow DoS"}]}}}