{"api_version":"1","generated_at":"2026-06-03T09:30:02+00:00","cve":"CVE-2025-37864","urls":{"html":"https://cve.report/CVE-2025-37864","api":"https://cve.report/api/cve/CVE-2025-37864.json","docs":"https://cve.report/api","cve_org":"https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-37864","nvd":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-37864"},"summary":{"title":"net: dsa: clean up FDB, MDB, VLAN entries on unbind","description":"In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nnet: dsa: clean up FDB, MDB, VLAN entries on unbind\n\nAs explained in many places such as commit b117e1e8a86d (\"net: dsa:\ndelete dsa_legacy_fdb_add and dsa_legacy_fdb_del\"), DSA is written given\nthe assumption that higher layers have balanced additions/deletions.\nAs such, it only makes sense to be extremely vocal when those\nassumptions are violated and the driver unbinds with entries still\npresent.\n\nBut Ido Schimmel points out a very simple situation where that is wrong:\nhttps://lore.kernel.org/netdev/ZDazSM5UsPPjQuKr@shredder/\n(also briefly discussed by me in the aforementioned commit).\n\nBasically, while the bridge bypass operations are not something that DSA\nexplicitly documents, and for the majority of DSA drivers this API\nsimply causes them to go to promiscuous mode, that isn't the case for\nall drivers. Some have the necessary requirements for bridge bypass\noperations to do something useful - see dsa_switch_supports_uc_filtering().\n\nAlthough in tools/testing/selftests/net/forwarding/local_termination.sh,\nwe made an effort to popularize better mechanisms to manage address\nfilters on DSA interfaces from user space - namely macvlan for unicast,\nand setsockopt(IP_ADD_MEMBERSHIP) - through mtools - for multicast, the\nfact is that 'bridge fdb add ... self static local' also exists as\nkernel UAPI, and might be useful to someone, even if only for a quick\nhack.\n\nIt seems counter-productive to block that path by implementing shim\n.ndo_fdb_add and .ndo_fdb_del operations which just return -EOPNOTSUPP\nin order to prevent the ndo_dflt_fdb_add() and ndo_dflt_fdb_del() from\nrunning, although we could do that.\n\nAccepting that cleanup is necessary seems to be the only option.\nEspecially since we appear to be coming back at this from a different\nangle as well. Russell King is noticing that the WARN_ON() triggers even\nfor VLANs:\nhttps://lore.kernel.org/netdev/Z_li8Bj8bD4-BYKQ@shell.armlinux.org.uk/\n\nWhat happens in the bug report above is that dsa_port_do_vlan_del() fails,\nthen the VLAN entry lingers on, and then we warn on unbind and leak it.\n\nThis is not a straight revert of the blamed commit, but we now add an\ninformational print to the kernel log (to still have a way to see\nthat bugs exist), and some extra comments gathered from past years'\nexperience, to justify the logic.","state":"PUBLISHED","assigner":"Linux","published_at":"2025-05-09 07:16:07","updated_at":"2026-06-01 17:16:34"},"problem_types":["CWE-617"],"metrics":[{"version":"3.1","source":"nvd@nist.gov","type":"Primary","score":"5.5","severity":"MEDIUM","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H","data":{"version":"3.1","vectorString":"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H","baseScore":5.5,"baseSeverity":"MEDIUM","attackVector":"LOCAL","attackComplexity":"LOW","privilegesRequired":"LOW","userInteraction":"NONE","scope":"UNCHANGED","confidentialityImpact":"NONE","integrityImpact":"NONE","availabilityImpact":"HIGH"}}],"references":[{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/7afb5fb42d4950f33af2732b8147c552659f79b7","name":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/7afb5fb42d4950f33af2732b8147c552659f79b7","refsource":"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67","tags":["Patch"],"title":"","mime":"","httpstatus":"","archivestatus":"0"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/5e531e71b9d21d5e985251440e0d722f71299b7a","name":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/5e531e71b9d21d5e985251440e0d722f71299b7a","refsource":"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67","tags":[],"title":"","mime":"","httpstatus":"","archivestatus":"0"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/99c50c98803425378e08a7394dc885506dc85f06","name":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/99c50c98803425378e08a7394dc885506dc85f06","refsource":"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67","tags":["Patch"],"title":"","mime":"","httpstatus":"","archivestatus":"0"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/86c6613a69bca815f1865ed8cedfd4b9142621ab","name":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/86c6613a69bca815f1865ed8cedfd4b9142621ab","refsource":"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67","tags":["Patch"],"title":"","mime":"","httpstatus":"","archivestatus":"0"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/8fcc1e6f808912977caf17366c625b95dc29ba4f","name":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/8fcc1e6f808912977caf17366c625b95dc29ba4f","refsource":"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67","tags":["Patch"],"title":"","mime":"","httpstatus":"","archivestatus":"0"},{"url":"https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-37864","name":"CVE Program record","refsource":"CVE.ORG","tags":["canonical"]},{"url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-37864","name":"NVD vulnerability detail","refsource":"NVD","tags":["canonical","analysis"]}],"affected":[{"source":"CNA","vendor":"Linux","product":"Linux","version":"affected 0832cd9f1f023226527e95002d537123061ddac4 5e531e71b9d21d5e985251440e0d722f71299b7a git","platforms":[]},{"source":"CNA","vendor":"Linux","product":"Linux","version":"affected 0832cd9f1f023226527e95002d537123061ddac4 86c6613a69bca815f1865ed8cedfd4b9142621ab git","platforms":[]},{"source":"CNA","vendor":"Linux","product":"Linux","version":"affected 0832cd9f1f023226527e95002d537123061ddac4 8fcc1e6f808912977caf17366c625b95dc29ba4f git","platforms":[]},{"source":"CNA","vendor":"Linux","product":"Linux","version":"affected 0832cd9f1f023226527e95002d537123061ddac4 99c50c98803425378e08a7394dc885506dc85f06 git","platforms":[]},{"source":"CNA","vendor":"Linux","product":"Linux","version":"affected 0832cd9f1f023226527e95002d537123061ddac4 7afb5fb42d4950f33af2732b8147c552659f79b7 git","platforms":[]},{"source":"CNA","vendor":"Linux","product":"Linux","version":"affected 5.18","platforms":[]},{"source":"CNA","vendor":"Linux","product":"Linux","version":"unaffected 5.18 semver","platforms":[]},{"source":"CNA","vendor":"Linux","product":"Linux","version":"unaffected 6.1.175 6.1.* semver","platforms":[]},{"source":"CNA","vendor":"Linux","product":"Linux","version":"unaffected 6.6.88 6.6.* semver","platforms":[]},{"source":"CNA","vendor":"Linux","product":"Linux","version":"unaffected 6.12.25 6.12.* semver","platforms":[]},{"source":"CNA","vendor":"Linux","product":"Linux","version":"unaffected 6.14.4 6.14.* semver","platforms":[]},{"source":"CNA","vendor":"Linux","product":"Linux","version":"unaffected 6.15 * original_commit_for_fix","platforms":[]}],"timeline":[],"solutions":[],"workarounds":[],"exploits":[],"credits":[],"nvd_cpes":[{"cve_year":"2025","cve_id":"37864","vulnerable":"1","versionEndIncluding":"","cpe1":"cpe","cpe2":"2.3","cpe3":"o","cpe4":"linux","cpe5":"linux_kernel","cpe6":"*","cpe7":"*","cpe8":"*","cpe9":"*","cpe10":"*","cpe11":"*","cpe12":"*","cpe13":"*"}],"vendor_comments":[],"enrichments":{"kev":null,"epss":null,"legacy_qids":[]},"source_records":{"cve_program":{"containers":{"cna":{"affected":[{"defaultStatus":"unaffected","product":"Linux","programFiles":["net/dsa/dsa.c"],"repo":"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git","vendor":"Linux","versions":[{"lessThan":"5e531e71b9d21d5e985251440e0d722f71299b7a","status":"affected","version":"0832cd9f1f023226527e95002d537123061ddac4","versionType":"git"},{"lessThan":"86c6613a69bca815f1865ed8cedfd4b9142621ab","status":"affected","version":"0832cd9f1f023226527e95002d537123061ddac4","versionType":"git"},{"lessThan":"8fcc1e6f808912977caf17366c625b95dc29ba4f","status":"affected","version":"0832cd9f1f023226527e95002d537123061ddac4","versionType":"git"},{"lessThan":"99c50c98803425378e08a7394dc885506dc85f06","status":"affected","version":"0832cd9f1f023226527e95002d537123061ddac4","versionType":"git"},{"lessThan":"7afb5fb42d4950f33af2732b8147c552659f79b7","status":"affected","version":"0832cd9f1f023226527e95002d537123061ddac4","versionType":"git"}]},{"defaultStatus":"affected","product":"Linux","programFiles":["net/dsa/dsa.c"],"repo":"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git","vendor":"Linux","versions":[{"status":"affected","version":"5.18"},{"lessThan":"5.18","status":"unaffected","version":"0","versionType":"semver"},{"lessThanOrEqual":"6.1.*","status":"unaffected","version":"6.1.175","versionType":"semver"},{"lessThanOrEqual":"6.6.*","status":"unaffected","version":"6.6.88","versionType":"semver"},{"lessThanOrEqual":"6.12.*","status":"unaffected","version":"6.12.25","versionType":"semver"},{"lessThanOrEqual":"6.14.*","status":"unaffected","version":"6.14.4","versionType":"semver"},{"lessThanOrEqual":"*","status":"unaffected","version":"6.15","versionType":"original_commit_for_fix"}]}],"cpeApplicability":[{"nodes":[{"cpeMatch":[{"criteria":"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","versionEndExcluding":"6.1.175","versionStartIncluding":"5.18","vulnerable":true},{"criteria":"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","versionEndExcluding":"6.6.88","versionStartIncluding":"5.18","vulnerable":true},{"criteria":"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","versionEndExcluding":"6.12.25","versionStartIncluding":"5.18","vulnerable":true},{"criteria":"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","versionEndExcluding":"6.14.4","versionStartIncluding":"5.18","vulnerable":true},{"criteria":"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","versionEndExcluding":"6.15","versionStartIncluding":"5.18","vulnerable":true}],"negate":false,"operator":"OR"}]}],"descriptions":[{"lang":"en","value":"In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nnet: dsa: clean up FDB, MDB, VLAN entries on unbind\n\nAs explained in many places such as commit b117e1e8a86d (\"net: dsa:\ndelete dsa_legacy_fdb_add and dsa_legacy_fdb_del\"), DSA is written given\nthe assumption that higher layers have balanced additions/deletions.\nAs such, it only makes sense to be extremely vocal when those\nassumptions are violated and the driver unbinds with entries still\npresent.\n\nBut Ido Schimmel points out a very simple situation where that is wrong:\nhttps://lore.kernel.org/netdev/ZDazSM5UsPPjQuKr@shredder/\n(also briefly discussed by me in the aforementioned commit).\n\nBasically, while the bridge bypass operations are not something that DSA\nexplicitly documents, and for the majority of DSA drivers this API\nsimply causes them to go to promiscuous mode, that isn't the case for\nall drivers. Some have the necessary requirements for bridge bypass\noperations to do something useful - see dsa_switch_supports_uc_filtering().\n\nAlthough in tools/testing/selftests/net/forwarding/local_termination.sh,\nwe made an effort to popularize better mechanisms to manage address\nfilters on DSA interfaces from user space - namely macvlan for unicast,\nand setsockopt(IP_ADD_MEMBERSHIP) - through mtools - for multicast, the\nfact is that 'bridge fdb add ... self static local' also exists as\nkernel UAPI, and might be useful to someone, even if only for a quick\nhack.\n\nIt seems counter-productive to block that path by implementing shim\n.ndo_fdb_add and .ndo_fdb_del operations which just return -EOPNOTSUPP\nin order to prevent the ndo_dflt_fdb_add() and ndo_dflt_fdb_del() from\nrunning, although we could do that.\n\nAccepting that cleanup is necessary seems to be the only option.\nEspecially since we appear to be coming back at this from a different\nangle as well. Russell King is noticing that the WARN_ON() triggers even\nfor VLANs:\nhttps://lore.kernel.org/netdev/Z_li8Bj8bD4-BYKQ@shell.armlinux.org.uk/\n\nWhat happens in the bug report above is that dsa_port_do_vlan_del() fails,\nthen the VLAN entry lingers on, and then we warn on unbind and leak it.\n\nThis is not a straight revert of the blamed commit, but we now add an\ninformational print to the kernel log (to still have a way to see\nthat bugs exist), and some extra comments gathered from past years'\nexperience, to justify the logic."}],"providerMetadata":{"dateUpdated":"2026-06-01T16:05:15.896Z","orgId":"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67","shortName":"Linux"},"references":[{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/5e531e71b9d21d5e985251440e0d722f71299b7a"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/86c6613a69bca815f1865ed8cedfd4b9142621ab"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/8fcc1e6f808912977caf17366c625b95dc29ba4f"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/99c50c98803425378e08a7394dc885506dc85f06"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/7afb5fb42d4950f33af2732b8147c552659f79b7"}],"title":"net: dsa: clean up FDB, MDB, VLAN entries on unbind","x_generator":{"engine":"bippy-1.2.0"}}},"cveMetadata":{"assignerOrgId":"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67","assignerShortName":"Linux","cveId":"CVE-2025-37864","datePublished":"2025-05-09T06:43:54.873Z","dateReserved":"2025-04-16T04:51:23.958Z","dateUpdated":"2026-06-01T16:05:15.896Z","state":"PUBLISHED"},"dataType":"CVE_RECORD","dataVersion":"5.2"},"nvd":{"publishedDate":"2025-05-09 07:16:07","lastModifiedDate":"2026-06-01 17:16:34","problem_types":["CWE-617"],"metrics":{"cvssMetricV31":[{"source":"nvd@nist.gov","type":"Primary","cvssData":{"version":"3.1","vectorString":"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H","baseScore":5.5,"baseSeverity":"MEDIUM","attackVector":"LOCAL","attackComplexity":"LOW","privilegesRequired":"LOW","userInteraction":"NONE","scope":"UNCHANGED","confidentialityImpact":"NONE","integrityImpact":"NONE","availabilityImpact":"HIGH"},"exploitabilityScore":1.8,"impactScore":3.6}]},"configurations":[{"nodes":[{"operator":"OR","negate":false,"cpeMatch":[{"vulnerable":true,"criteria":"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","versionStartIncluding":"5.18","versionEndExcluding":"6.6.88","matchCriteriaId":"2CBC0222-4DFC-46A3-85BF-7DBAB71EE14B"},{"vulnerable":true,"criteria":"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","versionStartIncluding":"6.7","versionEndExcluding":"6.12.25","matchCriteriaId":"8E59EE65-FA6B-4AE4-8125-26135E28BF35"},{"vulnerable":true,"criteria":"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","versionStartIncluding":"6.13","versionEndExcluding":"6.14.4","matchCriteriaId":"29FA1A8E-1C2A-4B0B-B397-2C915ECDEDEE"},{"vulnerable":true,"criteria":"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.15:rc1:*:*:*:*:*:*","matchCriteriaId":"8D465631-2980-487A-8E65-40AE2B9F8ED1"},{"vulnerable":true,"criteria":"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.15:rc2:*:*:*:*:*:*","matchCriteriaId":"4C9D071F-B28E-46EC-AC61-22B913390211"}]}]}]},"legacy_mitre":{"record":{"CveYear":"2025","CveId":"37864","Ordinal":"1","Title":"net: dsa: clean up FDB, MDB, VLAN entries on unbind","CVE":"CVE-2025-37864","Year":"2025"},"notes":[{"CveYear":"2025","CveId":"37864","Ordinal":"1","NoteData":"In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nnet: dsa: clean up FDB, MDB, VLAN entries on unbind\n\nAs explained in many places such as commit b117e1e8a86d (\"net: dsa:\ndelete dsa_legacy_fdb_add and dsa_legacy_fdb_del\"), DSA is written given\nthe assumption that higher layers have balanced additions/deletions.\nAs such, it only makes sense to be extremely vocal when those\nassumptions are violated and the driver unbinds with entries still\npresent.\n\nBut Ido Schimmel points out a very simple situation where that is wrong:\nhttps://lore.kernel.org/netdev/ZDazSM5UsPPjQuKr@shredder/\n(also briefly discussed by me in the aforementioned commit).\n\nBasically, while the bridge bypass operations are not something that DSA\nexplicitly documents, and for the majority of DSA drivers this API\nsimply causes them to go to promiscuous mode, that isn't the case for\nall drivers. Some have the necessary requirements for bridge bypass\noperations to do something useful - see dsa_switch_supports_uc_filtering().\n\nAlthough in tools/testing/selftests/net/forwarding/local_termination.sh,\nwe made an effort to popularize better mechanisms to manage address\nfilters on DSA interfaces from user space - namely macvlan for unicast,\nand setsockopt(IP_ADD_MEMBERSHIP) - through mtools - for multicast, the\nfact is that 'bridge fdb add ... self static local' also exists as\nkernel UAPI, and might be useful to someone, even if only for a quick\nhack.\n\nIt seems counter-productive to block that path by implementing shim\n.ndo_fdb_add and .ndo_fdb_del operations which just return -EOPNOTSUPP\nin order to prevent the ndo_dflt_fdb_add() and ndo_dflt_fdb_del() from\nrunning, although we could do that.\n\nAccepting that cleanup is necessary seems to be the only option.\nEspecially since we appear to be coming back at this from a different\nangle as well. Russell King is noticing that the WARN_ON() triggers even\nfor VLANs:\nhttps://lore.kernel.org/netdev/Z_li8Bj8bD4-BYKQ@shell.armlinux.org.uk/\n\nWhat happens in the bug report above is that dsa_port_do_vlan_del() fails,\nthen the VLAN entry lingers on, and then we warn on unbind and leak it.\n\nThis is not a straight revert of the blamed commit, but we now add an\ninformational print to the kernel log (to still have a way to see\nthat bugs exist), and some extra comments gathered from past years'\nexperience, to justify the logic.","Type":"Description","Title":"net: dsa: clean up FDB, MDB, VLAN entries on unbind"}]}}}