{"api_version":"1","generated_at":"2026-04-23T03:25:45+00:00","cve":"CVE-2025-39748","urls":{"html":"https://cve.report/CVE-2025-39748","api":"https://cve.report/api/cve/CVE-2025-39748.json","docs":"https://cve.report/api","cve_org":"https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-39748","nvd":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-39748"},"summary":{"title":"bpf: Forget ranges when refining tnum after JSET","description":"In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nbpf: Forget ranges when refining tnum after JSET\n\nSyzbot reported a kernel warning due to a range invariant violation on\nthe following BPF program.\n\n  0: call bpf_get_netns_cookie\n  1: if r0 == 0 goto <exit>\n  2: if r0 & Oxffffffff goto <exit>\n\nThe issue is on the path where we fall through both jumps.\n\nThat path is unreachable at runtime: after insn 1, we know r0 != 0, but\nwith the sign extension on the jset, we would only fallthrough insn 2\nif r0 == 0. Unfortunately, is_branch_taken() isn't currently able to\nfigure this out, so the verifier walks all branches. The verifier then\nrefines the register bounds using the second condition and we end\nup with inconsistent bounds on this unreachable path:\n\n  1: if r0 == 0 goto <exit>\n    r0: u64=[0x1, 0xffffffffffffffff] var_off=(0, 0xffffffffffffffff)\n  2: if r0 & 0xffffffff goto <exit>\n    r0 before reg_bounds_sync: u64=[0x1, 0xffffffffffffffff] var_off=(0, 0)\n    r0 after reg_bounds_sync:  u64=[0x1, 0] var_off=(0, 0)\n\nImproving the range refinement for JSET to cover all cases is tricky. We\nalso don't expect many users to rely on JSET given LLVM doesn't generate\nthose instructions. So instead of improving the range refinement for\nJSETs, Eduard suggested we forget the ranges whenever we're narrowing\ntnums after a JSET. This patch implements that approach.","state":"PUBLISHED","assigner":"Linux","published_at":"2025-09-11 17:15:38","updated_at":"2026-04-18 09:16:11"},"problem_types":["NVD-CWE-noinfo"],"metrics":[{"version":"3.1","source":"nvd@nist.gov","type":"Primary","score":"5.5","severity":"MEDIUM","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H","data":{"version":"3.1","vectorString":"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H","baseScore":5.5,"baseSeverity":"MEDIUM","attackVector":"LOCAL","attackComplexity":"LOW","privilegesRequired":"LOW","userInteraction":"NONE","scope":"UNCHANGED","confidentialityImpact":"NONE","integrityImpact":"NONE","availabilityImpact":"HIGH"}}],"references":[{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/80a6b11862a7cfdf691e8f9faee89cfea219f098","name":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/80a6b11862a7cfdf691e8f9faee89cfea219f098","refsource":"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67","tags":["Patch"],"title":"","mime":"","httpstatus":"","archivestatus":"0"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/2fd0c26bacd90ef26522bd3169000a4715bf151f","name":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/2fd0c26bacd90ef26522bd3169000a4715bf151f","refsource":"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67","tags":["Patch"],"title":"","mime":"","httpstatus":"","archivestatus":"0"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/22191359f8454b0be082c3b126f86bcbea0f1318","name":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/22191359f8454b0be082c3b126f86bcbea0f1318","refsource":"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67","tags":[],"title":"","mime":"","httpstatus":"","archivestatus":"0"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/c29dd8336236a4deb75596b52d2dd16ccc4a380d","name":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/c29dd8336236a4deb75596b52d2dd16ccc4a380d","refsource":"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67","tags":[],"title":"","mime":"","httpstatus":"","archivestatus":"0"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/591c788d16046edb0220800bf1819554af5853ce","name":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/591c788d16046edb0220800bf1819554af5853ce","refsource":"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67","tags":[],"title":"","mime":"","httpstatus":"","archivestatus":"0"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f01e06930444cab289a8783017af9b64255bd103","name":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f01e06930444cab289a8783017af9b64255bd103","refsource":"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67","tags":["Patch"],"title":"","mime":"","httpstatus":"","archivestatus":"0"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/0643aa2468192a4d81326e8e76543854870b1ee2","name":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/0643aa2468192a4d81326e8e76543854870b1ee2","refsource":"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67","tags":[],"title":"","mime":"","httpstatus":"","archivestatus":"0"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/6279846b9b2532e1b04559ef8bd0dec049f29383","name":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/6279846b9b2532e1b04559ef8bd0dec049f29383","refsource":"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67","tags":["Patch"],"title":"","mime":"","httpstatus":"","archivestatus":"0"},{"url":"https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-39748","name":"CVE Program record","refsource":"CVE.ORG","tags":["canonical"]},{"url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-39748","name":"NVD vulnerability detail","refsource":"NVD","tags":["canonical","analysis"]}],"affected":[{"source":"CNA","vendor":"Linux","product":"Linux","version":"affected 960ea056561a08e2b837b2f02d22c53226414a84 22191359f8454b0be082c3b126f86bcbea0f1318 git","platforms":[]},{"source":"CNA","vendor":"Linux","product":"Linux","version":"affected 960ea056561a08e2b837b2f02d22c53226414a84 c29dd8336236a4deb75596b52d2dd16ccc4a380d git","platforms":[]},{"source":"CNA","vendor":"Linux","product":"Linux","version":"affected 960ea056561a08e2b837b2f02d22c53226414a84 591c788d16046edb0220800bf1819554af5853ce git","platforms":[]},{"source":"CNA","vendor":"Linux","product":"Linux","version":"affected 960ea056561a08e2b837b2f02d22c53226414a84 0643aa2468192a4d81326e8e76543854870b1ee2 git","platforms":[]},{"source":"CNA","vendor":"Linux","product":"Linux","version":"affected 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original_commit_for_fix","platforms":[]}],"timeline":[],"solutions":[],"workarounds":[],"exploits":[],"credits":[],"nvd_cpes":[{"cve_year":"2025","cve_id":"39748","vulnerable":"1","versionEndIncluding":"","cpe1":"cpe","cpe2":"2.3","cpe3":"o","cpe4":"linux","cpe5":"linux_kernel","cpe6":"*","cpe7":"*","cpe8":"*","cpe9":"*","cpe10":"*","cpe11":"*","cpe12":"*","cpe13":"*"}],"vendor_comments":[],"enrichments":{"kev":null,"epss":null,"legacy_qids":[]},"source_records":{"cve_program":{"containers":{"cna":{"affected":[{"defaultStatus":"unaffected","product":"Linux","programFiles":["kernel/bpf/verifier.c"],"repo":"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git","vendor":"Linux","versions":[{"lessThan":"22191359f8454b0be082c3b126f86bcbea0f1318","status":"affected","version":"960ea056561a08e2b837b2f02d22c53226414a84","versionType":"git"},{"lessThan":"c29dd8336236a4deb75596b52d2dd16ccc4a380d","status":"affected","version":"960ea056561a08e2b837b2f02d22c53226414a84","versionType":"git"},{"lessThan":"591c788d16046edb0220800bf1819554af5853ce","status":"affected","version":"960ea056561a08e2b837b2f02d22c53226414a84","versionType":"git"},{"lessThan":"0643aa2468192a4d81326e8e76543854870b1ee2","status":"affected","version":"960ea056561a08e2b837b2f02d22c53226414a84","versionType":"git"},{"lessThan":"f01e06930444cab289a8783017af9b64255bd103","status":"affected","version":"960ea056561a08e2b837b2f02d22c53226414a84","versionType":"git"},{"lessThan":"2fd0c26bacd90ef26522bd3169000a4715bf151f","status":"affected","version":"960ea056561a08e2b837b2f02d22c53226414a84","versionType":"git"},{"lessThan":"80a6b11862a7cfdf691e8f9faee89cfea219f098","status":"affected","version":"960ea056561a08e2b837b2f02d22c53226414a84","versionType":"git"},{"lessThan":"6279846b9b2532e1b04559ef8bd0dec049f29383","status":"affected","version":"960ea056561a08e2b837b2f02d22c53226414a84","versionType":"git"}]},{"defaultStatus":"affected","product":"Linux","programFiles":["kernel/bpf/verifier.c"],"repo":"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git","vendor":"Linux","versions":[{"status":"affected","version":"5.0"},{"lessThan":"5.0","status":"unaffected","version":"0","versionType":"semver"},{"lessThanOrEqual":"5.10.*","status":"unaffected","version":"5.10.253","versionType":"semver"},{"lessThanOrEqual":"5.15.*","status":"unaffected","version":"5.15.203","versionType":"semver"},{"lessThanOrEqual":"6.1.*","status":"unaffected","version":"6.1.167","versionType":"semver"},{"lessThanOrEqual":"6.6.*","status":"unaffected","version":"6.6.130","versionType":"semver"},{"lessThanOrEqual":"6.12.*","status":"unaffected","version":"6.12.43","versionType":"semver"},{"lessThanOrEqual":"6.15.*","status":"unaffected","version":"6.15.11","versionType":"semver"},{"lessThanOrEqual":"6.16.*","status":"unaffected","version":"6.16.2","versionType":"semver"},{"lessThanOrEqual":"*","status":"unaffected","version":"6.17","versionType":"original_commit_for_fix"}]}],"cpeApplicability":[{"nodes":[{"cpeMatch":[{"criteria":"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","versionEndExcluding":"5.10.253","versionStartIncluding":"5.0","vulnerable":true},{"criteria":"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","versionEndExcluding":"5.15.203","versionStartIncluding":"5.0","vulnerable":true},{"criteria":"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","versionEndExcluding":"6.1.167","versionStartIncluding":"5.0","vulnerable":true},{"criteria":"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","versionEndExcluding":"6.6.130","versionStartIncluding":"5.0","vulnerable":true},{"criteria":"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","versionEndExcluding":"6.12.43","versionStartIncluding":"5.0","vulnerable":true},{"criteria":"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","versionEndExcluding":"6.15.11","versionStartIncluding":"5.0","vulnerable":true},{"criteria":"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","versionEndExcluding":"6.16.2","versionStartIncluding":"5.0","vulnerable":true},{"criteria":"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","versionEndExcluding":"6.17","versionStartIncluding":"5.0","vulnerable":true}],"negate":false,"operator":"OR"}]}],"descriptions":[{"lang":"en","value":"In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nbpf: Forget ranges when refining tnum after JSET\n\nSyzbot reported a kernel warning due to a range invariant violation on\nthe following BPF program.\n\n  0: call bpf_get_netns_cookie\n  1: if r0 == 0 goto <exit>\n  2: if r0 & Oxffffffff goto <exit>\n\nThe issue is on the path where we fall through both jumps.\n\nThat path is unreachable at runtime: after insn 1, we know r0 != 0, but\nwith the sign extension on the jset, we would only fallthrough insn 2\nif r0 == 0. Unfortunately, is_branch_taken() isn't currently able to\nfigure this out, so the verifier walks all branches. The verifier then\nrefines the register bounds using the second condition and we end\nup with inconsistent bounds on this unreachable path:\n\n  1: if r0 == 0 goto <exit>\n    r0: u64=[0x1, 0xffffffffffffffff] var_off=(0, 0xffffffffffffffff)\n  2: if r0 & 0xffffffff goto <exit>\n    r0 before reg_bounds_sync: u64=[0x1, 0xffffffffffffffff] var_off=(0, 0)\n    r0 after reg_bounds_sync:  u64=[0x1, 0] var_off=(0, 0)\n\nImproving the range refinement for JSET to cover all cases is tricky. We\nalso don't expect many users to rely on JSET given LLVM doesn't generate\nthose instructions. So instead of improving the range refinement for\nJSETs, Eduard suggested we forget the ranges whenever we're narrowing\ntnums after a JSET. This patch implements that approach."}],"providerMetadata":{"dateUpdated":"2026-04-18T08:57:00.881Z","orgId":"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67","shortName":"Linux"},"references":[{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/22191359f8454b0be082c3b126f86bcbea0f1318"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/c29dd8336236a4deb75596b52d2dd16ccc4a380d"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/591c788d16046edb0220800bf1819554af5853ce"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/0643aa2468192a4d81326e8e76543854870b1ee2"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f01e06930444cab289a8783017af9b64255bd103"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/2fd0c26bacd90ef26522bd3169000a4715bf151f"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/80a6b11862a7cfdf691e8f9faee89cfea219f098"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/6279846b9b2532e1b04559ef8bd0dec049f29383"}],"title":"bpf: Forget ranges when refining tnum after JSET","x_generator":{"engine":"bippy-1.2.0"}}},"cveMetadata":{"assignerOrgId":"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67","assignerShortName":"Linux","cveId":"CVE-2025-39748","datePublished":"2025-09-11T16:52:20.534Z","dateReserved":"2025-04-16T07:20:57.125Z","dateUpdated":"2026-04-18T08:57:00.881Z","state":"PUBLISHED"},"dataType":"CVE_RECORD","dataVersion":"5.2"},"nvd":{"publishedDate":"2025-09-11 17:15:38","lastModifiedDate":"2026-04-18 09:16:11","problem_types":["NVD-CWE-noinfo"],"metrics":{"cvssMetricV31":[{"source":"nvd@nist.gov","type":"Primary","cvssData":{"version":"3.1","vectorString":"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H","baseScore":5.5,"baseSeverity":"MEDIUM","attackVector":"LOCAL","attackComplexity":"LOW","privilegesRequired":"LOW","userInteraction":"NONE","scope":"UNCHANGED","confidentialityImpact":"NONE","integrityImpact":"NONE","availabilityImpact":"HIGH"},"exploitabilityScore":1.8,"impactScore":3.6}]},"configurations":[{"nodes":[{"operator":"OR","negate":false,"cpeMatch":[{"vulnerable":true,"criteria":"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","versionEndExcluding":"6.12.43","matchCriteriaId":"1936DB45-ECC5-4A1A-A924-0D4E14DFE578"},{"vulnerable":true,"criteria":"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","versionStartIncluding":"6.13","versionEndExcluding":"6.15.11","matchCriteriaId":"BC242347-F722-43AE-B910-BE0B22386977"},{"vulnerable":true,"criteria":"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","versionStartIncluding":"6.16","versionEndExcluding":"6.16.2","matchCriteriaId":"BD7C087D-2415-4521-B624-30003352F899"}]}]}]},"legacy_mitre":{"record":{"CveYear":"2025","CveId":"39748","Ordinal":"1","Title":"bpf: Forget ranges when refining tnum after JSET","CVE":"CVE-2025-39748","Year":"2025"},"notes":[{"CveYear":"2025","CveId":"39748","Ordinal":"1","NoteData":"In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nbpf: Forget ranges when refining tnum after JSET\n\nSyzbot reported a kernel warning due to a range invariant violation on\nthe following BPF program.\n\n  0: call bpf_get_netns_cookie\n  1: if r0 == 0 goto <exit>\n  2: if r0 & Oxffffffff goto <exit>\n\nThe issue is on the path where we fall through both jumps.\n\nThat path is unreachable at runtime: after insn 1, we know r0 != 0, but\nwith the sign extension on the jset, we would only fallthrough insn 2\nif r0 == 0. Unfortunately, is_branch_taken() isn't currently able to\nfigure this out, so the verifier walks all branches. The verifier then\nrefines the register bounds using the second condition and we end\nup with inconsistent bounds on this unreachable path:\n\n  1: if r0 == 0 goto <exit>\n    r0: u64=[0x1, 0xffffffffffffffff] var_off=(0, 0xffffffffffffffff)\n  2: if r0 & 0xffffffff goto <exit>\n    r0 before reg_bounds_sync: u64=[0x1, 0xffffffffffffffff] var_off=(0, 0)\n    r0 after reg_bounds_sync:  u64=[0x1, 0] var_off=(0, 0)\n\nImproving the range refinement for JSET to cover all cases is tricky. We\nalso don't expect many users to rely on JSET given LLVM doesn't generate\nthose instructions. So instead of improving the range refinement for\nJSETs, Eduard suggested we forget the ranges whenever we're narrowing\ntnums after a JSET. This patch implements that approach.","Type":"Description","Title":"bpf: Forget ranges when refining tnum after JSET"}]}}}