{"api_version":"1","generated_at":"2026-07-25T00:16:15+00:00","cve":"CVE-2025-39866","urls":{"html":"https://cve.report/CVE-2025-39866","api":"https://cve.report/api/cve/CVE-2025-39866.json","docs":"https://cve.report/api","cve_org":"https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-39866","nvd":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-39866"},"summary":{"title":"fs: writeback: fix use-after-free in __mark_inode_dirty()","description":"In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nfs: writeback: fix use-after-free in __mark_inode_dirty()\n\nAn use-after-free issue occurred when __mark_inode_dirty() get the\nbdi_writeback that was in the progress of switching.\n\nCPU: 1 PID: 562 Comm: systemd-random- Not tainted 6.6.56-gb4403bd46a8e #1\n......\npstate: 60400005 (nZCv daif +PAN -UAO -TCO -DIT -SSBS BTYPE=--)\npc : __mark_inode_dirty+0x124/0x418\nlr : __mark_inode_dirty+0x118/0x418\nsp : ffffffc08c9dbbc0\n........\nCall trace:\n __mark_inode_dirty+0x124/0x418\n generic_update_time+0x4c/0x60\n file_modified+0xcc/0xd0\n ext4_buffered_write_iter+0x58/0x124\n ext4_file_write_iter+0x54/0x704\n vfs_write+0x1c0/0x308\n ksys_write+0x74/0x10c\n __arm64_sys_write+0x1c/0x28\n invoke_syscall+0x48/0x114\n el0_svc_common.constprop.0+0xc0/0xe0\n do_el0_svc+0x1c/0x28\n el0_svc+0x40/0xe4\n el0t_64_sync_handler+0x120/0x12c\n el0t_64_sync+0x194/0x198\n\nRoot cause is:\n\nsystemd-random-seed                         kworker\n----------------------------------------------------------------------\n___mark_inode_dirty                     inode_switch_wbs_work_fn\n\n  spin_lock(&inode->i_lock);\n  inode_attach_wb\n  locked_inode_to_wb_and_lock_list\n     get inode->i_wb\n     spin_unlock(&inode->i_lock);\n     spin_lock(&wb->list_lock)\n  spin_lock(&inode->i_lock)\n  inode_io_list_move_locked\n  spin_unlock(&wb->list_lock)\n  spin_unlock(&inode->i_lock)\n                                    spin_lock(&old_wb->list_lock)\n                                      inode_do_switch_wbs\n                                        spin_lock(&inode->i_lock)\n                                        inode->i_wb = new_wb\n                                        spin_unlock(&inode->i_lock)\n                                    spin_unlock(&old_wb->list_lock)\n                                    wb_put_many(old_wb, nr_switched)\n                                      cgwb_release\n                                      old wb released\n  wb_wakeup_delayed() accesses wb,\n  then trigger the use-after-free\n  issue\n\nFix this race condition by holding inode spinlock until\nwb_wakeup_delayed() finished.","state":"PUBLISHED","assigner":"Linux","published_at":"2025-09-19 16:15:45","updated_at":"2026-07-14 13:17:50"},"problem_types":["CWE-416"],"metrics":[{"version":"3.1","source":"nvd@nist.gov","type":"Primary","score":"7.8","severity":"HIGH","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","data":{"version":"3.1","vectorString":"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","baseScore":7.8,"baseSeverity":"HIGH","attackVector":"LOCAL","attackComplexity":"LOW","privilegesRequired":"LOW","userInteraction":"NONE","scope":"UNCHANGED","confidentialityImpact":"HIGH","integrityImpact":"HIGH","availabilityImpact":"HIGH"}}],"references":[{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/b187c976111960e6e54a6b1fff724f6e3d39406c","name":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/b187c976111960e6e54a6b1fff724f6e3d39406c","refsource":"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67","tags":["Patch"],"title":"","mime":"","httpstatus":"","archivestatus":"0"},{"url":"https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/10/msg00008.html","name":"https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/10/msg00008.html","refsource":"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108","tags":["Third 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Program record","refsource":"CVE.ORG","tags":["canonical"]},{"url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-39866","name":"NVD vulnerability detail","refsource":"NVD","tags":["canonical","analysis"]}],"affected":[{"source":"CNA","vendor":"Linux","product":"Linux","version":"affected 0747259d13febfcc838980a63c414c9b920cea6f e2a14bbae5d8bacaa301362744a110e2be40a3a3 git","platforms":[]},{"source":"CNA","vendor":"Linux","product":"Linux","version":"affected 0747259d13febfcc838980a63c414c9b920cea6f b187c976111960e6e54a6b1fff724f6e3d39406c git","platforms":[]},{"source":"CNA","vendor":"Linux","product":"Linux","version":"affected 0747259d13febfcc838980a63c414c9b920cea6f 1edc2feb9c759a9883dfe81cb5ed231412d8b2e4 git","platforms":[]},{"source":"CNA","vendor":"Linux","product":"Linux","version":"affected 0747259d13febfcc838980a63c414c9b920cea6f bf89b1f87c72df79cf76203f71fbf8349cd5c9de git","platforms":[]},{"source":"CNA","vendor":"Linux","product":"Linux","version":"affected 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the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nfs: writeback: fix use-after-free in __mark_inode_dirty()\n\nAn use-after-free issue occurred when __mark_inode_dirty() get the\nbdi_writeback that was in the progress of switching.\n\nCPU: 1 PID: 562 Comm: systemd-random- Not tainted 6.6.56-gb4403bd46a8e #1\n......\npstate: 60400005 (nZCv daif +PAN -UAO -TCO -DIT -SSBS BTYPE=--)\npc : __mark_inode_dirty+0x124/0x418\nlr : __mark_inode_dirty+0x118/0x418\nsp : ffffffc08c9dbbc0\n........\nCall trace:\n __mark_inode_dirty+0x124/0x418\n generic_update_time+0x4c/0x60\n file_modified+0xcc/0xd0\n ext4_buffered_write_iter+0x58/0x124\n ext4_file_write_iter+0x54/0x704\n vfs_write+0x1c0/0x308\n ksys_write+0x74/0x10c\n __arm64_sys_write+0x1c/0x28\n invoke_syscall+0x48/0x114\n el0_svc_common.constprop.0+0xc0/0xe0\n do_el0_svc+0x1c/0x28\n el0_svc+0x40/0xe4\n el0t_64_sync_handler+0x120/0x12c\n el0t_64_sync+0x194/0x198\n\nRoot cause is:\n\nsystemd-random-seed                         kworker\n----------------------------------------------------------------------\n___mark_inode_dirty                     inode_switch_wbs_work_fn\n\n  spin_lock(&inode->i_lock);\n  inode_attach_wb\n  locked_inode_to_wb_and_lock_list\n     get inode->i_wb\n     spin_unlock(&inode->i_lock);\n     spin_lock(&wb->list_lock)\n  spin_lock(&inode->i_lock)\n  inode_io_list_move_locked\n  spin_unlock(&wb->list_lock)\n  spin_unlock(&inode->i_lock)\n                                    spin_lock(&old_wb->list_lock)\n                                      inode_do_switch_wbs\n                                        spin_lock(&inode->i_lock)\n                                        inode->i_wb = new_wb\n                                        spin_unlock(&inode->i_lock)\n                                    spin_unlock(&old_wb->list_lock)\n                                    wb_put_many(old_wb, nr_switched)\n                                      cgwb_release\n                                      old wb released\n  wb_wakeup_delayed() accesses wb,\n  then trigger the use-after-free\n  issue\n\nFix this race condition by holding inode spinlock until\nwb_wakeup_delayed() finished."}],"providerMetadata":{"dateUpdated":"2026-05-11T21:37:57.433Z","orgId":"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67","shortName":"Linux"},"references":[{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/e2a14bbae5d8bacaa301362744a110e2be40a3a3"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/b187c976111960e6e54a6b1fff724f6e3d39406c"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/1edc2feb9c759a9883dfe81cb5ed231412d8b2e4"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/bf89b1f87c72df79cf76203f71fbf8349cd5c9de"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/e63052921f1b25a836feb1500b841bff7a4a0456"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/c8c14adf80bd1a6e4a1d7ee9c2a816881c26d17a"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/d02d2c98d25793902f65803ab853b592c7a96b29"}],"title":"fs: writeback: fix use-after-free in __mark_inode_dirty()","x_generator":{"engine":"bippy-1.2.0"}}},"cveMetadata":{"assignerOrgId":"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67","assignerShortName":"Linux","cveId":"CVE-2025-39866","datePublished":"2025-09-19T15:26:35.725Z","dateReserved":"2025-04-16T07:20:57.143Z","dateUpdated":"2026-07-14T12:43:02.443Z","state":"PUBLISHED"},"dataType":"CVE_RECORD","dataVersion":"5.2"},"nvd":{"publishedDate":"2025-09-19 16:15:45","lastModifiedDate":"2026-07-14 13:17:50","problem_types":["CWE-416"],"metrics":{"cvssMetricV31":[{"source":"nvd@nist.gov","type":"Primary","cvssData":{"version":"3.1","vectorString":"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","baseScore":7.8,"baseSeverity":"HIGH","attackVector":"LOCAL","attackComplexity":"LOW","privilegesRequired":"LOW","userInteraction":"NONE","scope":"UNCHANGED","confidentialityImpact":"HIGH","integrityImpact":"HIGH","availabilityImpact":"HIGH"},"exploitabilityScore":1.8,"impactScore":5.9}]},"configurations":[{"nodes":[{"operator":"OR","negate":false,"cpeMatch":[{"vulnerable":true,"criteria":"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","versionStartIncluding":"4.2","versionEndExcluding":"5.10.247","matchCriteriaId":"973B2007-ACEA-4C4E-9A34-FF155EE17424"},{"vulnerable":true,"criteria":"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","versionStartIncluding":"5.11","versionEndExcluding":"5.15.192","matchCriteriaId":"8A911BD7-361F-45C0-A4A6-33FCBA0F6117"},{"vulnerable":true,"criteria":"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","versionStartIncluding":"5.16","versionEndExcluding":"6.1.151","matchCriteriaId":"BC2D0B88-F133-4143-B91D-0A439AA143C0"},{"vulnerable":true,"criteria":"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","versionStartIncluding":"6.2","versionEndExcluding":"6.6.105","matchCriteriaId":"B9364B0C-6B18-422E-8254-73EF0E856875"},{"vulnerable":true,"criteria":"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","versionStartIncluding":"6.7","versionEndExcluding":"6.12.46","matchCriteriaId":"F7E2B332-E920-4CAC-B400-288602DB6F16"},{"vulnerable":true,"criteria":"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","versionStartIncluding":"6.13","versionEndExcluding":"6.16.6","matchCriteriaId":"548F104C-0F08-438B-9C97-64C903F0C678"},{"vulnerable":true,"criteria":"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.17:rc1:*:*:*:*:*:*","matchCriteriaId":"327D22EF-390B-454C-BD31-2ED23C998A1C"},{"vulnerable":true,"criteria":"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.17:rc2:*:*:*:*:*:*","matchCriteriaId":"C730CD9A-D969-4A8E-9522-162AAF7C0EE9"}]}]},{"nodes":[{"operator":"OR","negate":false,"cpeMatch":[{"vulnerable":true,"criteria":"cpe:2.3:o:debian:debian_linux:11.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","matchCriteriaId":"FA6FEEC2-9F11-4643-8827-749718254FED"}]}]}]},"legacy_mitre":{"record":{"CveYear":"2025","CveId":"39866","Ordinal":"1","Title":"fs: writeback: fix use-after-free in __mark_inode_dirty()","CVE":"CVE-2025-39866","Year":"2025"},"notes":[{"CveYear":"2025","CveId":"39866","Ordinal":"1","NoteData":"In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nfs: writeback: fix use-after-free in __mark_inode_dirty()\n\nAn use-after-free issue occurred when __mark_inode_dirty() get the\nbdi_writeback that was in the progress of switching.\n\nCPU: 1 PID: 562 Comm: systemd-random- Not tainted 6.6.56-gb4403bd46a8e #1\n......\npstate: 60400005 (nZCv daif +PAN -UAO -TCO -DIT -SSBS BTYPE=--)\npc : __mark_inode_dirty+0x124/0x418\nlr : __mark_inode_dirty+0x118/0x418\nsp : ffffffc08c9dbbc0\n........\nCall trace:\n __mark_inode_dirty+0x124/0x418\n generic_update_time+0x4c/0x60\n file_modified+0xcc/0xd0\n ext4_buffered_write_iter+0x58/0x124\n ext4_file_write_iter+0x54/0x704\n vfs_write+0x1c0/0x308\n ksys_write+0x74/0x10c\n __arm64_sys_write+0x1c/0x28\n invoke_syscall+0x48/0x114\n el0_svc_common.constprop.0+0xc0/0xe0\n do_el0_svc+0x1c/0x28\n el0_svc+0x40/0xe4\n el0t_64_sync_handler+0x120/0x12c\n el0t_64_sync+0x194/0x198\n\nRoot cause is:\n\nsystemd-random-seed                         kworker\n----------------------------------------------------------------------\n___mark_inode_dirty                     inode_switch_wbs_work_fn\n\n  spin_lock(&inode->i_lock);\n  inode_attach_wb\n  locked_inode_to_wb_and_lock_list\n     get inode->i_wb\n     spin_unlock(&inode->i_lock);\n     spin_lock(&wb->list_lock)\n  spin_lock(&inode->i_lock)\n  inode_io_list_move_locked\n  spin_unlock(&wb->list_lock)\n  spin_unlock(&inode->i_lock)\n                                    spin_lock(&old_wb->list_lock)\n                                      inode_do_switch_wbs\n                                        spin_lock(&inode->i_lock)\n                                        inode->i_wb = new_wb\n                                        spin_unlock(&inode->i_lock)\n                                    spin_unlock(&old_wb->list_lock)\n                                    wb_put_many(old_wb, nr_switched)\n                                      cgwb_release\n                                      old wb released\n  wb_wakeup_delayed() accesses wb,\n  then trigger the use-after-free\n  issue\n\nFix this race condition by holding inode spinlock until\nwb_wakeup_delayed() finished.","Type":"Description","Title":"fs: writeback: fix use-after-free in __mark_inode_dirty()"}]}}}