{"api_version":"1","generated_at":"2026-07-23T21:15:07+00:00","cve":"CVE-2025-39980","urls":{"html":"https://cve.report/CVE-2025-39980","api":"https://cve.report/api/cve/CVE-2025-39980.json","docs":"https://cve.report/api","cve_org":"https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-39980","nvd":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-39980"},"summary":{"title":"nexthop: Forbid FDB status change while nexthop is in a group","description":"In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nnexthop: Forbid FDB status change while nexthop is in a group\n\nThe kernel forbids the creation of non-FDB nexthop groups with FDB\nnexthops:\n\n # ip nexthop add id 1 via 192.0.2.1 fdb\n # ip nexthop add id 2 group 1\n Error: Non FDB nexthop group cannot have fdb nexthops.\n\nAnd vice versa:\n\n # ip nexthop add id 3 via 192.0.2.2 dev dummy1\n # ip nexthop add id 4 group 3 fdb\n Error: FDB nexthop group can only have fdb nexthops.\n\nHowever, as long as no routes are pointing to a non-FDB nexthop group,\nthe kernel allows changing the type of a nexthop from FDB to non-FDB and\nvice versa:\n\n # ip nexthop add id 5 via 192.0.2.2 dev dummy1\n # ip nexthop add id 6 group 5\n # ip nexthop replace id 5 via 192.0.2.2 fdb\n # echo $?\n 0\n\nThis configuration is invalid and can result in a NPD [1] since FDB\nnexthops are not associated with a nexthop device:\n\n # ip route add 198.51.100.1/32 nhid 6\n # ping 198.51.100.1\n\nFix by preventing nexthop FDB status change while the nexthop is in a\ngroup:\n\n # ip nexthop add id 7 via 192.0.2.2 dev dummy1\n # ip nexthop add id 8 group 7\n # ip nexthop replace id 7 via 192.0.2.2 fdb\n Error: Cannot change nexthop FDB status while in a group.\n\n[1]\nBUG: kernel NULL pointer dereference, address: 00000000000003c0\n[...]\nOops: Oops: 0000 [#1] SMP\nCPU: 6 UID: 0 PID: 367 Comm: ping Not tainted 6.17.0-rc6-virtme-gb65678cacc03 #1 PREEMPT(voluntary)\nHardware name: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996), BIOS 1.17.0-4.fc41 04/01/2014\nRIP: 0010:fib_lookup_good_nhc+0x1e/0x80\n[...]\nCall Trace:\n <TASK>\n fib_table_lookup+0x541/0x650\n ip_route_output_key_hash_rcu+0x2ea/0x970\n ip_route_output_key_hash+0x55/0x80\n __ip4_datagram_connect+0x250/0x330\n udp_connect+0x2b/0x60\n __sys_connect+0x9c/0xd0\n __x64_sys_connect+0x18/0x20\n do_syscall_64+0xa4/0x2a0\n entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x4b/0x53","state":"PUBLISHED","assigner":"Linux","published_at":"2025-10-15 08:15:35","updated_at":"2026-07-14 13:17:52"},"problem_types":[],"metrics":[],"references":[{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/ec428fff792b7bd15b248dafca2e654b666b1304","name":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/ec428fff792b7bd15b248dafca2e654b666b1304","refsource":"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67","tags":[],"title":"","mime":"","httpstatus":"","archivestatus":"0"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/24046d31f6f92220852d393d510b6062843e3fbd","name":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/24046d31f6f92220852d393d510b6062843e3fbd","refsource":"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67","tags":[],"title":"","mime":"","httpstatus":"","archivestatus":"0"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/8dd4aa0122885f710930de135af2adc4ccc3238f","name":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/8dd4aa0122885f710930de135af2adc4ccc3238f","refsource":"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67","tags":[],"title":"","mime":"","httpstatus":"","archivestatus":"0"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/e1e87ac0daacd51f522ecd1645cd76b5809303ed","name":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/e1e87ac0daacd51f522ecd1645cd76b5809303ed","refsource":"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67","tags":[],"title":"","mime":"","httpstatus":"","archivestatus":"0"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/390b3a300d7872cef9588f003b204398be69ce08","name":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/390b3a300d7872cef9588f003b204398be69ce08","refsource":"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67","tags":[],"title":"","mime":"","httpstatus":"","archivestatus":"0"},{"url":"https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-019113.html","name":"https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-019113.html","refsource":"0b142b55-0307-4c5a-b3c9-f314f3fb7c5e","tags":[],"title":"","mime":"","httpstatus":"","archivestatus":"0"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f0e49fd13afe9dea7a09a1c9537fd00cea22badb","name":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f0e49fd13afe9dea7a09a1c9537fd00cea22badb","refsource":"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67","tags":[],"title":"","mime":"","httpstatus":"","archivestatus":"0"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/0e7bfe7a268ccbd7859730c529161cafbf44637c","name":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/0e7bfe7a268ccbd7859730c529161cafbf44637c","refsource":"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67","tags":[],"title":"","mime":"","httpstatus":"","archivestatus":"0"},{"url":"https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-39980","name":"CVE Program record","refsource":"CVE.ORG","tags":["canonical"]},{"url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-39980","name":"NVD vulnerability detail","refsource":"NVD","tags":["canonical","analysis"]}],"affected":[{"source":"CNA","vendor":"Linux","product":"Linux","version":"affected 38428d68719c454d269cb03b776d8a4b0ad66111 e1e87ac0daacd51f522ecd1645cd76b5809303ed git","platforms":[]},{"source":"CNA","vendor":"Linux","product":"Linux","version":"affected 38428d68719c454d269cb03b776d8a4b0ad66111 0e7bfe7a268ccbd7859730c529161cafbf44637c git","platforms":[]},{"source":"CNA","vendor":"Linux","product":"Linux","version":"affected 38428d68719c454d269cb03b776d8a4b0ad66111 ec428fff792b7bd15b248dafca2e654b666b1304 git","platforms":[]},{"source":"CNA","vendor":"Linux","product":"Linux","version":"affected 38428d68719c454d269cb03b776d8a4b0ad66111 24046d31f6f92220852d393d510b6062843e3fbd git","platforms":[]},{"source":"CNA","vendor":"Linux","product":"Linux","version":"affected 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1518F-4 PN/DP MFP","vendor":"Siemens","versions":[{"lessThan":"*","status":"affected","version":"V3.1.6","versionType":"custom"}]},{"defaultStatus":"unknown","product":"SIMATIC S7-1500 CPU 1518F-4 PN/DP MFP","vendor":"Siemens","versions":[{"lessThan":"*","status":"affected","version":"V3.1.6","versionType":"custom"}]},{"defaultStatus":"unknown","product":"SIPLUS S7-1500 CPU 1518-4 PN/DP MFP","vendor":"Siemens","versions":[{"lessThan":"*","status":"affected","version":"V3.1.6","versionType":"custom"}]}],"providerMetadata":{"dateUpdated":"2026-07-14T12:43:14.224Z","orgId":"0b142b55-0307-4c5a-b3c9-f314f3fb7c5e","shortName":"siemens-SADP"},"references":[{"url":"https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-019113.html"}],"x_adpType":"supplier"}],"cna":{"affected":[{"defaultStatus":"unaffected","product":"Linux","programFiles":["net/ipv4/nexthop.c"],"repo":"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git","vendor":"Linux","versions":[{"lessThan":"e1e87ac0daacd51f522ecd1645cd76b5809303ed","status":"affected","version":"38428d68719c454d269cb03b776d8a4b0ad66111","versionType":"git"},{"lessThan":"0e7bfe7a268ccbd7859730c529161cafbf44637c","status":"affected","version":"38428d68719c454d269cb03b776d8a4b0ad66111","versionType":"git"},{"lessThan":"ec428fff792b7bd15b248dafca2e654b666b1304","status":"affected","version":"38428d68719c454d269cb03b776d8a4b0ad66111","versionType":"git"},{"lessThan":"24046d31f6f92220852d393d510b6062843e3fbd","status":"affected","version":"38428d68719c454d269cb03b776d8a4b0ad66111","versionType":"git"},{"lessThan":"f0e49fd13afe9dea7a09a1c9537fd00cea22badb","status":"affected","version":"38428d68719c454d269cb03b776d8a4b0ad66111","versionType":"git"},{"lessThan":"8dd4aa0122885f710930de135af2adc4ccc3238f","status":"affected","version":"38428d68719c454d269cb03b776d8a4b0ad66111","versionType":"git"},{"lessThan":"390b3a300d7872cef9588f003b204398be69ce08","status":"affected","version":"38428d68719c454d269cb03b776d8a4b0ad66111","versionType":"git"}]},{"defaultStatus":"affected","product":"Linux","programFiles":["net/ipv4/nexthop.c"],"repo":"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git","vendor":"Linux","versions":[{"status":"affected","version":"5.8"},{"lessThan":"5.8","status":"unaffected","version":"0","versionType":"semver"},{"lessThanOrEqual":"5.10.*","status":"unaffected","version":"5.10.245","versionType":"semver"},{"lessThanOrEqual":"5.15.*","status":"unaffected","version":"5.15.194","versionType":"semver"},{"lessThanOrEqual":"6.1.*","status":"unaffected","version":"6.1.155","versionType":"semver"},{"lessThanOrEqual":"6.6.*","status":"unaffected","version":"6.6.109","versionType":"semver"},{"lessThanOrEqual":"6.12.*","status":"unaffected","version":"6.12.50","versionType":"semver"},{"lessThanOrEqual":"6.16.*","status":"unaffected","version":"6.16.10","versionType":"semver"},{"lessThanOrEqual":"*","status":"unaffected","version":"6.17","versionType":"original_commit_for_fix"}]}],"cpeApplicability":[{"nodes":[{"cpeMatch":[{"criteria":"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","versionEndExcluding":"5.10.245","versionStartIncluding":"5.8","vulnerable":true},{"criteria":"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","versionEndExcluding":"5.15.194","versionStartIncluding":"5.8","vulnerable":true},{"criteria":"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","versionEndExcluding":"6.1.155","versionStartIncluding":"5.8","vulnerable":true},{"criteria":"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","versionEndExcluding":"6.6.109","versionStartIncluding":"5.8","vulnerable":true},{"criteria":"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","versionEndExcluding":"6.12.50","versionStartIncluding":"5.8","vulnerable":true},{"criteria":"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","versionEndExcluding":"6.16.10","versionStartIncluding":"5.8","vulnerable":true},{"criteria":"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","versionEndExcluding":"6.17","versionStartIncluding":"5.8","vulnerable":true}],"negate":false,"operator":"OR"}]}],"descriptions":[{"lang":"en","value":"In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nnexthop: Forbid FDB status change while nexthop is in a group\n\nThe kernel forbids the creation of non-FDB nexthop groups with FDB\nnexthops:\n\n # ip nexthop add id 1 via 192.0.2.1 fdb\n # ip nexthop add id 2 group 1\n Error: Non FDB nexthop group cannot have fdb nexthops.\n\nAnd vice versa:\n\n # ip nexthop add id 3 via 192.0.2.2 dev dummy1\n # ip nexthop add id 4 group 3 fdb\n Error: FDB nexthop group can only have fdb nexthops.\n\nHowever, as long as no routes are pointing to a non-FDB nexthop group,\nthe kernel allows changing the type of a nexthop from FDB to non-FDB and\nvice versa:\n\n # ip nexthop add id 5 via 192.0.2.2 dev dummy1\n # ip nexthop add id 6 group 5\n # ip nexthop replace id 5 via 192.0.2.2 fdb\n # echo $?\n 0\n\nThis configuration is invalid and can result in a NPD [1] since FDB\nnexthops are not associated with a nexthop device:\n\n # ip route add 198.51.100.1/32 nhid 6\n # ping 198.51.100.1\n\nFix by preventing nexthop FDB status change while the nexthop is in a\ngroup:\n\n # ip nexthop add id 7 via 192.0.2.2 dev dummy1\n # ip nexthop add id 8 group 7\n # ip nexthop replace id 7 via 192.0.2.2 fdb\n Error: Cannot change nexthop FDB status while in a group.\n\n[1]\nBUG: kernel NULL pointer dereference, address: 00000000000003c0\n[...]\nOops: Oops: 0000 [#1] SMP\nCPU: 6 UID: 0 PID: 367 Comm: ping Not tainted 6.17.0-rc6-virtme-gb65678cacc03 #1 PREEMPT(voluntary)\nHardware name: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996), BIOS 1.17.0-4.fc41 04/01/2014\nRIP: 0010:fib_lookup_good_nhc+0x1e/0x80\n[...]\nCall Trace:\n <TASK>\n fib_table_lookup+0x541/0x650\n ip_route_output_key_hash_rcu+0x2ea/0x970\n ip_route_output_key_hash+0x55/0x80\n __ip4_datagram_connect+0x250/0x330\n udp_connect+0x2b/0x60\n __sys_connect+0x9c/0xd0\n __x64_sys_connect+0x18/0x20\n do_syscall_64+0xa4/0x2a0\n entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x4b/0x53"}],"providerMetadata":{"dateUpdated":"2026-05-11T21:40:08.868Z","orgId":"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67","shortName":"Linux"},"references":[{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/e1e87ac0daacd51f522ecd1645cd76b5809303ed"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/0e7bfe7a268ccbd7859730c529161cafbf44637c"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/ec428fff792b7bd15b248dafca2e654b666b1304"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/24046d31f6f92220852d393d510b6062843e3fbd"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f0e49fd13afe9dea7a09a1c9537fd00cea22badb"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/8dd4aa0122885f710930de135af2adc4ccc3238f"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/390b3a300d7872cef9588f003b204398be69ce08"}],"title":"nexthop: Forbid FDB status change while nexthop is in a group","x_generator":{"engine":"bippy-1.2.0"}}},"cveMetadata":{"assignerOrgId":"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67","assignerShortName":"Linux","cveId":"CVE-2025-39980","datePublished":"2025-10-15T07:56:00.275Z","dateReserved":"2025-04-16T07:20:57.150Z","dateUpdated":"2026-07-14T12:43:14.224Z","state":"PUBLISHED"},"dataType":"CVE_RECORD","dataVersion":"5.2"},"nvd":{"publishedDate":"2025-10-15 08:15:35","lastModifiedDate":"2026-07-14 13:17:52","problem_types":[],"metrics":[],"configurations":[]},"legacy_mitre":{"record":{"CveYear":"2025","CveId":"39980","Ordinal":"1","Title":"nexthop: Forbid FDB status change while nexthop is in a group","CVE":"CVE-2025-39980","Year":"2025"},"notes":[{"CveYear":"2025","CveId":"39980","Ordinal":"1","NoteData":"In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nnexthop: Forbid FDB status change while nexthop is in a group\n\nThe kernel forbids the creation of non-FDB nexthop groups with FDB\nnexthops:\n\n # ip nexthop add id 1 via 192.0.2.1 fdb\n # ip nexthop add id 2 group 1\n Error: Non FDB nexthop group cannot have fdb nexthops.\n\nAnd vice versa:\n\n # ip nexthop add id 3 via 192.0.2.2 dev dummy1\n # ip nexthop add id 4 group 3 fdb\n Error: FDB nexthop group can only have fdb nexthops.\n\nHowever, as long as no routes are pointing to a non-FDB nexthop group,\nthe kernel allows changing the type of a nexthop from FDB to non-FDB and\nvice versa:\n\n # ip nexthop add id 5 via 192.0.2.2 dev dummy1\n # ip nexthop add id 6 group 5\n # ip nexthop replace id 5 via 192.0.2.2 fdb\n # echo $?\n 0\n\nThis configuration is invalid and can result in a NPD [1] since FDB\nnexthops are not associated with a nexthop device:\n\n # ip route add 198.51.100.1/32 nhid 6\n # ping 198.51.100.1\n\nFix by preventing nexthop FDB status change while the nexthop is in a\ngroup:\n\n # ip nexthop add id 7 via 192.0.2.2 dev dummy1\n # ip nexthop add id 8 group 7\n # ip nexthop replace id 7 via 192.0.2.2 fdb\n Error: Cannot change nexthop FDB status while in a group.\n\n[1]\nBUG: kernel NULL pointer dereference, address: 00000000000003c0\n[...]\nOops: Oops: 0000 [#1] SMP\nCPU: 6 UID: 0 PID: 367 Comm: ping Not tainted 6.17.0-rc6-virtme-gb65678cacc03 #1 PREEMPT(voluntary)\nHardware name: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996), BIOS 1.17.0-4.fc41 04/01/2014\nRIP: 0010:fib_lookup_good_nhc+0x1e/0x80\n[...]\nCall Trace:\n <TASK>\n fib_table_lookup+0x541/0x650\n ip_route_output_key_hash_rcu+0x2ea/0x970\n ip_route_output_key_hash+0x55/0x80\n __ip4_datagram_connect+0x250/0x330\n udp_connect+0x2b/0x60\n __sys_connect+0x9c/0xd0\n __x64_sys_connect+0x18/0x20\n do_syscall_64+0xa4/0x2a0\n entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x4b/0x53","Type":"Description","Title":"nexthop: Forbid FDB status change while nexthop is in a group"}]}}}