{"api_version":"1","generated_at":"2026-08-02T05:03:36+00:00","cve":"CVE-2025-40159","urls":{"html":"https://cve.report/CVE-2025-40159","api":"https://cve.report/api/cve/CVE-2025-40159.json","docs":"https://cve.report/api","cve_org":"https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-40159","nvd":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-40159"},"summary":{"title":"xsk: Harden userspace-supplied xdp_desc validation","description":"In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nxsk: Harden userspace-supplied xdp_desc validation\n\nTurned out certain clearly invalid values passed in xdp_desc from\nuserspace can pass xp_{,un}aligned_validate_desc() and then lead\nto UBs or just invalid frames to be queued for xmit.\n\ndesc->len close to ``U32_MAX`` with a non-zero pool->tx_metadata_len\ncan cause positive integer overflow and wraparound, the same way low\nenough desc->addr with a non-zero pool->tx_metadata_len can cause\nnegative integer overflow. Both scenarios can then pass the\nvalidation successfully.\nThis doesn't happen with valid XSk applications, but can be used\nto perform attacks.\n\nAlways promote desc->len to ``u64`` first to exclude positive\noverflows of it. Use explicit check_{add,sub}_overflow() when\nvalidating desc->addr (which is ``u64`` already).\n\nbloat-o-meter reports a little growth of the code size:\n\nadd/remove: 0/0 grow/shrink: 2/1 up/down: 60/-16 (44)\nFunction                                     old     new   delta\nxskq_cons_peek_desc                          299     330     +31\nxsk_tx_peek_release_desc_batch               973    1002     +29\nxsk_generic_xmit                            3148    3132     -16\n\nbut hopefully this doesn't hurt the performance much.","state":"PUBLISHED","assigner":"Linux","published_at":"2025-11-12 11:15:46","updated_at":"2026-07-30 06:24:14"},"problem_types":[],"metrics":[{"version":"3.1","source":"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67","type":"Secondary","score":"7.8","severity":"HIGH","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","data":{"version":"3.1","vectorString":"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","baseScore":7.8,"baseSeverity":"HIGH","attackVector":"LOCAL","attackComplexity":"LOW","privilegesRequired":"LOW","userInteraction":"NONE","scope":"UNCHANGED","confidentialityImpact":"HIGH","integrityImpact":"HIGH","availabilityImpact":"HIGH"}},{"version":"3.1","source":"CNA","type":"DECLARED","score":"7.8","severity":"HIGH","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","data":{"baseScore":7.8,"baseSeverity":"HIGH","vectorString":"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","version":"3.1"}}],"references":[{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/5b5fffa7c81e55d8c8edf05ad40d811ec7047e21","name":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/5b5fffa7c81e55d8c8edf05ad40d811ec7047e21","refsource":"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67","tags":[],"title":"","mime":"","httpstatus":"","archivestatus":"0"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/07ca98f906a403637fc5e513a872a50ef1247f3b","name":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/07ca98f906a403637fc5e513a872a50ef1247f3b","refsource":"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67","tags":[],"title":"","mime":"","httpstatus":"","archivestatus":"0"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/1463cd066f32efd56ddfd3ac4e3524200f362980","name":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/1463cd066f32efd56ddfd3ac4e3524200f362980","refsource":"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67","tags":[],"title":"","mime":"","httpstatus":"","archivestatus":"0"},{"url":"https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-40159","name":"CVE Program record","refsource":"CVE.ORG","tags":["canonical"]},{"url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-40159","name":"NVD vulnerability detail","refsource":"NVD","tags":["canonical","analysis"]}],"affected":[{"source":"CNA","vendor":"Linux","product":"Linux","version":"affected 341ac980eab90ac1f6c22ee9f9da83ed9604d899 1463cd066f32efd56ddfd3ac4e3524200f362980 git","platforms":[]},{"source":"CNA","vendor":"Linux","product":"Linux","version":"affected 341ac980eab90ac1f6c22ee9f9da83ed9604d899 5b5fffa7c81e55d8c8edf05ad40d811ec7047e21 git","platforms":[]},{"source":"CNA","vendor":"Linux","product":"Linux","version":"affected 341ac980eab90ac1f6c22ee9f9da83ed9604d899 07ca98f906a403637fc5e513a872a50ef1247f3b git","platforms":[]},{"source":"CNA","vendor":"Linux","product":"Linux","version":"affected 6.8","platforms":[]},{"source":"CNA","vendor":"Linux","product":"Linux","version":"unaffected 6.8 semver","platforms":[]},{"source":"CNA","vendor":"Linux","product":"Linux","version":"unaffected 6.12.54 6.12.* semver","platforms":[]},{"source":"CNA","vendor":"Linux","product":"Linux","version":"unaffected 6.17.4 6.17.* semver","platforms":[]},{"source":"CNA","vendor":"Linux","product":"Linux","version":"unaffected 6.18 * original_commit_for_fix","platforms":[]}],"timeline":[],"solutions":[],"workarounds":[],"exploits":[],"credits":[],"nvd_cpes":[],"vendor_comments":[],"enrichments":{"kev":null,"epss":{"cve_year":"2025","cve_id":"40159","cve":"CVE-2025-40159","epss":"0.001390000","percentile":"0.037270000","score_date":"2026-07-31","updated_at":"2026-08-01 00:10:35"},"legacy_qids":[]},"source_records":{"cve_program":{"containers":{"cna":{"affected":[{"defaultStatus":"unaffected","product":"Linux","programFiles":["net/xdp/xsk_queue.h"],"repo":"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git","vendor":"Linux","versions":[{"lessThan":"1463cd066f32efd56ddfd3ac4e3524200f362980","status":"affected","version":"341ac980eab90ac1f6c22ee9f9da83ed9604d899","versionType":"git"},{"lessThan":"5b5fffa7c81e55d8c8edf05ad40d811ec7047e21","status":"affected","version":"341ac980eab90ac1f6c22ee9f9da83ed9604d899","versionType":"git"},{"lessThan":"07ca98f906a403637fc5e513a872a50ef1247f3b","status":"affected","version":"341ac980eab90ac1f6c22ee9f9da83ed9604d899","versionType":"git"}]},{"defaultStatus":"affected","product":"Linux","programFiles":["net/xdp/xsk_queue.h"],"repo":"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git","vendor":"Linux","versions":[{"status":"affected","version":"6.8"},{"lessThan":"6.8","status":"unaffected","version":"0","versionType":"semver"},{"lessThanOrEqual":"6.12.*","status":"unaffected","version":"6.12.54","versionType":"semver"},{"lessThanOrEqual":"6.17.*","status":"unaffected","version":"6.17.4","versionType":"semver"},{"lessThanOrEqual":"*","status":"unaffected","version":"6.18","versionType":"original_commit_for_fix"}]}],"cpeApplicability":[{"nodes":[{"cpeMatch":[{"criteria":"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","versionEndExcluding":"6.12.54","versionStartIncluding":"6.8","vulnerable":true},{"criteria":"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","versionEndExcluding":"6.17.4","versionStartIncluding":"6.8","vulnerable":true},{"criteria":"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","versionEndExcluding":"6.18","versionStartIncluding":"6.8","vulnerable":true}],"negate":false,"operator":"OR"}]}],"descriptions":[{"lang":"en","value":"In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nxsk: Harden userspace-supplied xdp_desc validation\n\nTurned out certain clearly invalid values passed in xdp_desc from\nuserspace can pass xp_{,un}aligned_validate_desc() and then lead\nto UBs or just invalid frames to be queued for xmit.\n\ndesc->len close to ``U32_MAX`` with a non-zero pool->tx_metadata_len\ncan cause positive integer overflow and wraparound, the same way low\nenough desc->addr with a non-zero pool->tx_metadata_len can cause\nnegative integer overflow. Both scenarios can then pass the\nvalidation successfully.\nThis doesn't happen with valid XSk applications, but can be used\nto perform attacks.\n\nAlways promote desc->len to ``u64`` first to exclude positive\noverflows of it. Use explicit check_{add,sub}_overflow() when\nvalidating desc->addr (which is ``u64`` already).\n\nbloat-o-meter reports a little growth of the code size:\n\nadd/remove: 0/0 grow/shrink: 2/1 up/down: 60/-16 (44)\nFunction                                     old     new   delta\nxskq_cons_peek_desc                          299     330     +31\nxsk_tx_peek_release_desc_batch               973    1002     +29\nxsk_generic_xmit                            3148    3132     -16\n\nbut hopefully this doesn't hurt the performance much."}],"metrics":[{"cvssV3_1":{"baseScore":7.8,"baseSeverity":"HIGH","vectorString":"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","version":"3.1"}}],"providerMetadata":{"dateUpdated":"2026-07-30T06:01:00.790Z","orgId":"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67","shortName":"Linux"},"references":[{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/1463cd066f32efd56ddfd3ac4e3524200f362980"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/5b5fffa7c81e55d8c8edf05ad40d811ec7047e21"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/07ca98f906a403637fc5e513a872a50ef1247f3b"}],"title":"xsk: Harden userspace-supplied xdp_desc validation","x_generator":{"engine":"bippy-1.2.0"}}},"cveMetadata":{"assignerOrgId":"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67","assignerShortName":"Linux","cveId":"CVE-2025-40159","datePublished":"2025-11-12T10:24:36.104Z","dateReserved":"2025-04-16T07:20:57.176Z","dateUpdated":"2026-07-30T06:01:00.790Z","state":"PUBLISHED"},"dataType":"CVE_RECORD","dataVersion":"5.2"},"nvd":{"publishedDate":"2025-11-12 11:15:46","lastModifiedDate":"2026-07-30 06:24:14","problem_types":[],"metrics":{"cvssMetricV31":[{"source":"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67","type":"Secondary","cvssData":{"version":"3.1","vectorString":"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","baseScore":7.8,"baseSeverity":"HIGH","attackVector":"LOCAL","attackComplexity":"LOW","privilegesRequired":"LOW","userInteraction":"NONE","scope":"UNCHANGED","confidentialityImpact":"HIGH","integrityImpact":"HIGH","availabilityImpact":"HIGH"},"exploitabilityScore":1.8,"impactScore":5.9}]},"configurations":[]},"legacy_mitre":{"record":{"CveYear":"2025","CveId":"40159","Ordinal":"1","Title":"xsk: Harden userspace-supplied xdp_desc validation","CVE":"CVE-2025-40159","Year":"2025"},"notes":[{"CveYear":"2025","CveId":"40159","Ordinal":"1","NoteData":"In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nxsk: Harden userspace-supplied xdp_desc validation\n\nTurned out certain clearly invalid values passed in xdp_desc from\nuserspace can pass xp_{,un}aligned_validate_desc() and then lead\nto UBs or just invalid frames to be queued for xmit.\n\ndesc->len close to ``U32_MAX`` with a non-zero pool->tx_metadata_len\ncan cause positive integer overflow and wraparound, the same way low\nenough desc->addr with a non-zero pool->tx_metadata_len can cause\nnegative integer overflow. Both scenarios can then pass the\nvalidation successfully.\nThis doesn't happen with valid XSk applications, but can be used\nto perform attacks.\n\nAlways promote desc->len to ``u64`` first to exclude positive\noverflows of it. Use explicit check_{add,sub}_overflow() when\nvalidating desc->addr (which is ``u64`` already).\n\nbloat-o-meter reports a little growth of the code size:\n\nadd/remove: 0/0 grow/shrink: 2/1 up/down: 60/-16 (44)\nFunction                                     old     new   delta\nxskq_cons_peek_desc                          299     330     +31\nxsk_tx_peek_release_desc_batch               973    1002     +29\nxsk_generic_xmit                            3148    3132     -16\n\nbut hopefully this doesn't hurt the performance much.","Type":"Description","Title":"xsk: Harden userspace-supplied xdp_desc validation"}]}}}