{"api_version":"1","generated_at":"2026-10-27T07:45:58+00:00","cve":"CVE-2025-48768","urls":{"html":"https://cve.report/CVE-2025-48768","api":"https://cve.report/api/cve/CVE-2025-48768.json","docs":"https://cve.report/api","cve_org":"https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-48768","nvd":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-48768"},"summary":{"title":"Apache NuttX RTOS: fs/inode: fs_inoderemove root inode removal","description":"Release of Invalid Pointer or Reference vulnerability was discovered in fs/inode/fs_inoderemove code of the Apache NuttX RTOS that allowed root filesystem inode removal leading to a debug assert trigger (that is disabled by default), NULL pointer dereference (handled differently depending on the target architecture), or in general, a Denial of Service.\n\nThis issue affects Apache NuttX RTOS: from 10.0.0 before 12.10.0.\n\nUsers of filesystem based services with write access that were exposed over the network (i.e. FTP) are affected and recommended to upgrade to version 12.10.0 that fixes the issue.","state":"PUBLISHED","assigner":"apache","published_at":"2026-01-01 17:15:43","updated_at":"2026-10-07 11:10:00"},"problem_types":["CWE-763","CWE-763 CWE-763 Release of Invalid Pointer or Reference"],"metrics":[{"version":"3.1","source":"nvd@nist.gov","type":"Primary","score":"6.5","severity":"MEDIUM","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H","data":{"version":"3.1","vectorString":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H","baseScore":6.5,"baseSeverity":"MEDIUM","attackVector":"NETWORK","attackComplexity":"LOW","privilegesRequired":"LOW","userInteraction":"NONE","scope":"UNCHANGED","confidentialityImpact":"NONE","integrityImpact":"NONE","availabilityImpact":"HIGH"}},{"version":"3.1","source":"ADP","type":"DECLARED","score":"5.3","severity":"MEDIUM","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N","data":{"attackComplexity":"LOW","attackVector":"NETWORK","availabilityImpact":"NONE","baseScore":5.3,"baseSeverity":"MEDIUM","confidentialityImpact":"LOW","integrityImpact":"NONE","privilegesRequired":"NONE","scope":"UNCHANGED","userInteraction":"NONE","vectorString":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N","version":"3.1"}},{"version":"3.1","source":"134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0","type":"Secondary","score":"5.3","severity":"MEDIUM","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N","data":{"version":"3.1","vectorString":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N","baseScore":5.3,"baseSeverity":"MEDIUM","attackVector":"NETWORK","attackComplexity":"LOW","privilegesRequired":"NONE","userInteraction":"NONE","scope":"UNCHANGED","confidentialityImpact":"LOW","integrityImpact":"NONE","availabilityImpact":"NONE"}}],"references":[{"url":"http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2025/12/31/10","name":"http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2025/12/31/10","refsource":"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108","tags":["Mailing List","Third Party Advisory"],"title":"","mime":"","httpstatus":"","archivestatus":"0"},{"url":"https://github.com/apache/nuttx/pull/16437","name":"https://github.com/apache/nuttx/pull/16437","refsource":"security@apache.org","tags":["Issue Tracking"],"title":"","mime":"","httpstatus":"","archivestatus":"0"},{"url":"https://lists.apache.org/thread/nwo1kd08b7t3dyz082q2pghdxwvxwyvo","name":"https://lists.apache.org/thread/nwo1kd08b7t3dyz082q2pghdxwvxwyvo","refsource":"security@apache.org","tags":["Mailing List","Vendor Advisory"],"title":"","mime":"","httpstatus":"","archivestatus":"0"},{"url":"https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-48768","name":"CVE Program record","refsource":"CVE.ORG","tags":["canonical"]},{"url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-48768","name":"NVD vulnerability detail","refsource":"NVD","tags":["canonical","analysis"]}],"affected":[{"source":"CNA","vendor":"Apache Software Foundation","product":"Apache NuttX RTOS","version":"affected 10.0.0 12.10.0 semver","platforms":[]}],"timeline":[],"solutions":[],"workarounds":[],"exploits":[],"credits":[{"source":"CNA","value":"Liu, Richard Jiayang <rjliu3@illinois.edu>","lang":"en"},{"source":"CNA","value":"Liu, Richard Jiayang <rjliu3@illinois.edu>","lang":"en"},{"source":"CNA","value":"Alan Carvalho de Assis <acassis@apache.org>","lang":"en"},{"source":"CNA","value":"Tomek CEDRO <cederom@apache.org>","lang":"en"},{"source":"CNA","value":"Xiang Xiao <xiaoxiang@apache.org>","lang":"en"},{"source":"CNA","value":"Jiuzhu Dong <jiuzhudong@apache.org>","lang":"en"}],"nvd_cpes":[{"cve_year":"2025","cve_id":"48768","vulnerable":"1","versionEndIncluding":"","cpe1":"cpe","cpe2":"2.3","cpe3":"a","cpe4":"apache","cpe5":"nuttx","cpe6":"*","cpe7":"*","cpe8":"*","cpe9":"*","cpe10":"*","cpe11":"*","cpe12":"*","cpe13":"*"}],"vendor_comments":[],"enrichments":{"kev":null,"epss":{"cve_year":"2025","cve_id":"48768","cve":"CVE-2025-48768","epss":"0.007900000","percentile":"0.547210000","score_date":"2026-10-04","updated_at":"2026-10-05 00:09:46"},"legacy_qids":[]},"source_records":{"cve_program":{"containers":{"adp":[{"providerMetadata":{"dateUpdated":"2026-01-01T17:07:55.346Z","orgId":"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108","shortName":"CVE"},"references":[{"url":"http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2025/12/31/10"}],"title":"CVE Program Container"},{"metrics":[{"cvssV3_1":{"attackComplexity":"LOW","attackVector":"NETWORK","availabilityImpact":"NONE","baseScore":5.3,"baseSeverity":"MEDIUM","confidentialityImpact":"LOW","integrityImpact":"NONE","privilegesRequired":"NONE","scope":"UNCHANGED","userInteraction":"NONE","vectorString":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N","version":"3.1"}},{"other":{"content":{"id":"CVE-2025-48768","options":[{"Exploitation":"none"},{"Automatable":"yes"},{"Technical Impact":"partial"}],"role":"CISA Coordinator","timestamp":"2026-01-05T20:05:18.959542Z","version":"2.0.3"},"type":"ssvc"}}],"providerMetadata":{"dateUpdated":"2026-01-05T20:06:13.296Z","orgId":"134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0","shortName":"CISA-ADP"},"title":"CISA ADP Vulnrichment"}],"cna":{"affected":[{"defaultStatus":"unaffected","product":"Apache NuttX RTOS","vendor":"Apache Software Foundation","versions":[{"lessThan":"12.10.0","status":"affected","version":"10.0.0","versionType":"semver"}]}],"credits":[{"lang":"en","type":"finder","value":"Liu, Richard Jiayang <rjliu3@illinois.edu>"},{"lang":"en","type":"remediation developer","value":"Liu, Richard Jiayang <rjliu3@illinois.edu>"},{"lang":"en","type":"remediation reviewer","value":"Alan Carvalho de Assis <acassis@apache.org>"},{"lang":"en","type":"coordinator","value":"Tomek CEDRO <cederom@apache.org>"},{"lang":"en","type":"remediation reviewer","value":"Xiang Xiao <xiaoxiang@apache.org>"},{"lang":"en","type":"remediation reviewer","value":"Jiuzhu Dong <jiuzhudong@apache.org>"}],"descriptions":[{"lang":"en","supportingMedia":[{"base64":false,"type":"text/html","value":"<p>Release of Invalid Pointer or Reference vulnerability was discovered in&nbsp;fs/inode/fs_inoderemove&nbsp;code of the Apache NuttX RTOS that allowed root filesystem inode removal leading to a debug assert trigger (that is disabled by default), NULL pointer dereference (handled differently depending on the target architecture), or in general, a Denial of Service.</p><p>This issue affects Apache NuttX RTOS: from 10.0.0 before 12.10.0.</p><p>Users of filesystem based services with write access that were exposed over the network (i.e. FTP) are affected and recommended to upgrade to version 12.10.0 that fixes the issue.</p>"}],"value":"Release of Invalid Pointer or Reference vulnerability was discovered in fs/inode/fs_inoderemove code of the Apache NuttX RTOS that allowed root filesystem inode removal leading to a debug assert trigger (that is disabled by default), NULL pointer dereference (handled differently depending on the target architecture), or in general, a Denial of Service.\n\nThis issue affects Apache NuttX RTOS: from 10.0.0 before 12.10.0.\n\nUsers of filesystem based services with write access that were exposed over the network (i.e. FTP) are affected and recommended to upgrade to version 12.10.0 that fixes the issue."}],"metrics":[{"other":{"content":{"text":"low"},"type":"Textual description of severity"}}],"problemTypes":[{"descriptions":[{"cweId":"CWE-763","description":"CWE-763 Release of Invalid Pointer or Reference","lang":"en","type":"CWE"}]}],"providerMetadata":{"dateUpdated":"2026-01-01T16:14:00.837Z","orgId":"f0158376-9dc2-43b6-827c-5f631a4d8d09","shortName":"apache"},"references":[{"tags":["patch"],"url":"https://github.com/apache/nuttx/pull/16437"},{"tags":["vendor-advisory"],"url":"https://lists.apache.org/thread/nwo1kd08b7t3dyz082q2pghdxwvxwyvo"}],"source":{"discovery":"UNKNOWN"},"title":"Apache NuttX RTOS: fs/inode: fs_inoderemove root inode removal","x_generator":{"engine":"Vulnogram 0.2.0"}}},"cveMetadata":{"assignerOrgId":"f0158376-9dc2-43b6-827c-5f631a4d8d09","assignerShortName":"apache","cveId":"CVE-2025-48768","datePublished":"2026-01-01T16:14:00.837Z","dateReserved":"2025-05-26T00:41:34.307Z","dateUpdated":"2026-01-05T20:06:13.296Z","state":"PUBLISHED"},"dataType":"CVE_RECORD","dataVersion":"5.2"},"nvd":{"publishedDate":"2026-01-01 17:15:43","lastModifiedDate":"2026-10-07 11:10:00","problem_types":["CWE-763","CWE-763 CWE-763 Release of Invalid Pointer or Reference"],"metrics":{"cvssMetricV31":[{"source":"nvd@nist.gov","type":"Primary","cvssData":{"version":"3.1","vectorString":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H","baseScore":6.5,"baseSeverity":"MEDIUM","attackVector":"NETWORK","attackComplexity":"LOW","privilegesRequired":"LOW","userInteraction":"NONE","scope":"UNCHANGED","confidentialityImpact":"NONE","integrityImpact":"NONE","availabilityImpact":"HIGH"},"exploitabilityScore":2.8,"impactScore":3.6},{"source":"134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0","type":"Secondary","cvssData":{"version":"3.1","vectorString":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N","baseScore":5.3,"baseSeverity":"MEDIUM","attackVector":"NETWORK","attackComplexity":"LOW","privilegesRequired":"NONE","userInteraction":"NONE","scope":"UNCHANGED","confidentialityImpact":"LOW","integrityImpact":"NONE","availabilityImpact":"NONE"},"exploitabilityScore":3.9,"impactScore":1.4}],"ssvcV203":[{"source":"134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0","ssvcData":{"timestamp":"2026-01-05T20:05:18.959542Z","id":"CVE-2025-48768","options":[{"exploitation":"none"},{"automatable":"yes"},{"technicalImpact":"partial"}],"role":"CISA Coordinator","version":"2.0.3"}}]},"configurations":[{"nodes":[{"operator":"OR","negate":false,"cpeMatch":[{"vulnerable":true,"criteria":"cpe:2.3:a:apache:nuttx:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","versionStartIncluding":"10.0.0","versionEndExcluding":"12.10.0","matchCriteriaId":"6A0FB83B-B4F7-457B-A39E-325BA6718225"}]}]}]},"legacy_mitre":{"record":{"CveYear":"2025","CveId":"48768","Ordinal":"1","Title":"Apache NuttX RTOS: fs/inode: fs_inoderemove root inode removal","CVE":"CVE-2025-48768","Year":"2025"},"notes":[{"CveYear":"2025","CveId":"48768","Ordinal":"1","NoteData":"Release of Invalid Pointer or Reference vulnerability was discovered in fs/inode/fs_inoderemove code of the Apache NuttX RTOS that allowed root filesystem inode removal leading to a debug assert trigger (that is disabled by default), NULL pointer dereference (handled differently depending on the target architecture), or in general, a Denial of Service.\n\nThis issue affects Apache NuttX RTOS: from 10.0.0 before 12.10.0.\n\nUsers of filesystem based services with write access that were exposed over the network (i.e. FTP) are affected and recommended to upgrade to version 12.10.0 that fixes the issue.","Type":"Description","Title":"Apache NuttX RTOS: fs/inode: fs_inoderemove root inode removal"}]}}}