{"api_version":"1","generated_at":"2026-04-11T20:37:25+00:00","cve":"CVE-2026-23401","urls":{"html":"https://cve.report/CVE-2026-23401","api":"https://cve.report/api/cve/CVE-2026-23401.json","docs":"https://cve.report/api","cve_org":"https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-23401","nvd":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-23401"},"summary":{"title":"KVM: x86/mmu: Drop/zap existing present SPTE even when creating an MMIO SPTE","description":"In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nKVM: x86/mmu: Drop/zap existing present SPTE even when creating an MMIO SPTE\n\nWhen installing an emulated MMIO SPTE, do so *after* dropping/zapping the\nexisting SPTE (if it's shadow-present).  While commit a54aa15c6bda3 was\nright about it being impossible to convert a shadow-present SPTE to an\nMMIO SPTE due to a _guest_ write, it failed to account for writes to guest\nmemory that are outside the scope of KVM.\n\nE.g. if host userspace modifies a shadowed gPTE to switch from a memslot\nto emulted MMIO and then the guest hits a relevant page fault, KVM will\ninstall the MMIO SPTE without first zapping the shadow-present SPTE.\n\n  ------------[ cut here ]------------\n  is_shadow_present_pte(*sptep)\n  WARNING: arch/x86/kvm/mmu/mmu.c:484 at mark_mmio_spte+0xb2/0xc0 [kvm], CPU#0: vmx_ept_stale_r/4292\n  Modules linked in: kvm_intel kvm irqbypass\n  CPU: 0 UID: 1000 PID: 4292 Comm: vmx_ept_stale_r Not tainted 7.0.0-rc2-eafebd2d2ab0-sink-vm #319 PREEMPT\n  Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (Q35 + ICH9, 2009), BIOS 0.0.0 02/06/2015\n  RIP: 0010:mark_mmio_spte+0xb2/0xc0 [kvm]\n  Call Trace:\n   <TASK>\n   mmu_set_spte+0x237/0x440 [kvm]\n   ept_page_fault+0x535/0x7f0 [kvm]\n   kvm_mmu_do_page_fault+0xee/0x1f0 [kvm]\n   kvm_mmu_page_fault+0x8d/0x620 [kvm]\n   vmx_handle_exit+0x18c/0x5a0 [kvm_intel]\n   kvm_arch_vcpu_ioctl_run+0xc55/0x1c20 [kvm]\n   kvm_vcpu_ioctl+0x2d5/0x980 [kvm]\n   __x64_sys_ioctl+0x8a/0xd0\n   do_syscall_64+0xb5/0x730\n   entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x4b/0x53\n  RIP: 0033:0x47fa3f\n   </TASK>\n  ---[ end trace 0000000000000000 ]---","state":"PUBLISHED","assigner":"Linux","published_at":"2026-04-01 09:16:15","updated_at":"2026-04-11 13:16:36"},"problem_types":[],"metrics":[],"references":[{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/ed5909992f344a7d3f4024261e9f751d9618a27d","name":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/ed5909992f344a7d3f4024261e9f751d9618a27d","refsource":"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67","tags":[],"title":"","mime":"","httpstatus":"","archivestatus":"0"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/459158151a158a6703b49f3c9de0e536d8bd553f","name":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/459158151a158a6703b49f3c9de0e536d8bd553f","refsource":"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67","tags":[],"title":"","mime":"","httpstatus":"","archivestatus":"0"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/bce7fe59d43531623f3e43779127bfb33804925d","name":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/bce7fe59d43531623f3e43779127bfb33804925d","refsource":"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67","tags":[],"title":"","mime":"","httpstatus":"","archivestatus":"0"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/695320de6eadb75aaed8be1787c4ce4c189e4c7b","name":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/695320de6eadb75aaed8be1787c4ce4c189e4c7b","refsource":"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67","tags":[],"title":"","mime":"","httpstatus":"","archivestatus":"0"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/aad885e774966e97b675dfe928da164214a71605","name":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/aad885e774966e97b675dfe928da164214a71605","refsource":"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67","tags":[],"title":"","mime":"","httpstatus":"","archivestatus":"0"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/fd28c5618699180cd69619801e9ae6a5266c0a22","name":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/fd28c5618699180cd69619801e9ae6a5266c0a22","refsource":"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67","tags":[],"title":"","mime":"","httpstatus":"","archivestatus":"0"},{"url":"https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-23401","name":"CVE Program record","refsource":"CVE.ORG","tags":["canonical"]},{"url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-23401","name":"NVD vulnerability detail","refsource":"NVD","tags":["canonical","analysis"]}],"affected":[{"source":"CNA","vendor":"Linux","product":"Linux","version":"affected a54aa15c6bda3ca7e2f9e040ba968a1da303e24f ed5909992f344a7d3f4024261e9f751d9618a27d git","platforms":[]},{"source":"CNA","vendor":"Linux","product":"Linux","version":"affected a54aa15c6bda3ca7e2f9e040ba968a1da303e24f fd28c5618699180cd69619801e9ae6a5266c0a22 git","platforms":[]},{"source":"CNA","vendor":"Linux","product":"Linux","version":"affected a54aa15c6bda3ca7e2f9e040ba968a1da303e24f 459158151a158a6703b49f3c9de0e536d8bd553f git","platforms":[]},{"source":"CNA","vendor":"Linux","product":"Linux","version":"affected a54aa15c6bda3ca7e2f9e040ba968a1da303e24f 695320de6eadb75aaed8be1787c4ce4c189e4c7b git","platforms":[]},{"source":"CNA","vendor":"Linux","product":"Linux","version":"affected a54aa15c6bda3ca7e2f9e040ba968a1da303e24f bce7fe59d43531623f3e43779127bfb33804925d git","platforms":[]},{"source":"CNA","vendor":"Linux","product":"Linux","version":"affected a54aa15c6bda3ca7e2f9e040ba968a1da303e24f aad885e774966e97b675dfe928da164214a71605 git","platforms":[]},{"source":"CNA","vendor":"Linux","product":"Linux","version":"affected 5.13","platforms":[]},{"source":"CNA","vendor":"Linux","product":"Linux","version":"unaffected 5.13 semver","platforms":[]},{"source":"CNA","vendor":"Linux","product":"Linux","version":"unaffected 6.1.168 6.1.* semver","platforms":[]},{"source":"CNA","vendor":"Linux","product":"Linux","version":"unaffected 6.6.131 6.6.* semver","platforms":[]},{"source":"CNA","vendor":"Linux","product":"Linux","version":"unaffected 6.12.80 6.12.* semver","platforms":[]},{"source":"CNA","vendor":"Linux","product":"Linux","version":"unaffected 6.18.21 6.18.* semver","platforms":[]},{"source":"CNA","vendor":"Linux","product":"Linux","version":"unaffected 6.19.11 6.19.* semver","platforms":[]},{"source":"CNA","vendor":"Linux","product":"Linux","version":"unaffected 7.0-rc6 * original_commit_for_fix","platforms":[]}],"timeline":[],"solutions":[],"workarounds":[],"exploits":[],"credits":[],"nvd_cpes":[],"vendor_comments":[],"enrichments":{"kev":null,"epss":{"cve_year":"2026","cve_id":"23401","cve":"CVE-2026-23401","epss":"0.000240000","percentile":"0.063150000","score_date":"2026-04-07","updated_at":"2026-04-08 00:03:40"},"legacy_qids":[]},"source_records":{"cve_program":{"containers":{"cna":{"affected":[{"defaultStatus":"unaffected","product":"Linux","programFiles":["arch/x86/kvm/mmu/mmu.c"],"repo":"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git","vendor":"Linux","versions":[{"lessThan":"ed5909992f344a7d3f4024261e9f751d9618a27d","status":"affected","version":"a54aa15c6bda3ca7e2f9e040ba968a1da303e24f","versionType":"git"},{"lessThan":"fd28c5618699180cd69619801e9ae6a5266c0a22","status":"affected","version":"a54aa15c6bda3ca7e2f9e040ba968a1da303e24f","versionType":"git"},{"lessThan":"459158151a158a6703b49f3c9de0e536d8bd553f","status":"affected","version":"a54aa15c6bda3ca7e2f9e040ba968a1da303e24f","versionType":"git"},{"lessThan":"695320de6eadb75aaed8be1787c4ce4c189e4c7b","status":"affected","version":"a54aa15c6bda3ca7e2f9e040ba968a1da303e24f","versionType":"git"},{"lessThan":"bce7fe59d43531623f3e43779127bfb33804925d","status":"affected","version":"a54aa15c6bda3ca7e2f9e040ba968a1da303e24f","versionType":"git"},{"lessThan":"aad885e774966e97b675dfe928da164214a71605","status":"affected","version":"a54aa15c6bda3ca7e2f9e040ba968a1da303e24f","versionType":"git"}]},{"defaultStatus":"affected","product":"Linux","programFiles":["arch/x86/kvm/mmu/mmu.c"],"repo":"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git","vendor":"Linux","versions":[{"status":"affected","version":"5.13"},{"lessThan":"5.13","status":"unaffected","version":"0","versionType":"semver"},{"lessThanOrEqual":"6.1.*","status":"unaffected","version":"6.1.168","versionType":"semver"},{"lessThanOrEqual":"6.6.*","status":"unaffected","version":"6.6.131","versionType":"semver"},{"lessThanOrEqual":"6.12.*","status":"unaffected","version":"6.12.80","versionType":"semver"},{"lessThanOrEqual":"6.18.*","status":"unaffected","version":"6.18.21","versionType":"semver"},{"lessThanOrEqual":"6.19.*","status":"unaffected","version":"6.19.11","versionType":"semver"},{"lessThanOrEqual":"*","status":"unaffected","version":"7.0-rc6","versionType":"original_commit_for_fix"}]}],"cpeApplicability":[{"nodes":[{"cpeMatch":[{"criteria":"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","versionEndExcluding":"6.1.168","versionStartIncluding":"5.13","vulnerable":true},{"criteria":"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","versionEndExcluding":"6.6.131","versionStartIncluding":"5.13","vulnerable":true},{"criteria":"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","versionEndExcluding":"6.12.80","versionStartIncluding":"5.13","vulnerable":true},{"criteria":"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","versionEndExcluding":"6.18.21","versionStartIncluding":"5.13","vulnerable":true},{"criteria":"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","versionEndExcluding":"6.19.11","versionStartIncluding":"5.13","vulnerable":true},{"criteria":"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","versionEndExcluding":"7.0-rc6","versionStartIncluding":"5.13","vulnerable":true}],"negate":false,"operator":"OR"}]}],"descriptions":[{"lang":"en","value":"In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nKVM: x86/mmu: Drop/zap existing present SPTE even when creating an MMIO SPTE\n\nWhen installing an emulated MMIO SPTE, do so *after* dropping/zapping the\nexisting SPTE (if it's shadow-present).  While commit a54aa15c6bda3 was\nright about it being impossible to convert a shadow-present SPTE to an\nMMIO SPTE due to a _guest_ write, it failed to account for writes to guest\nmemory that are outside the scope of KVM.\n\nE.g. if host userspace modifies a shadowed gPTE to switch from a memslot\nto emulted MMIO and then the guest hits a relevant page fault, KVM will\ninstall the MMIO SPTE without first zapping the shadow-present SPTE.\n\n  ------------[ cut here ]------------\n  is_shadow_present_pte(*sptep)\n  WARNING: arch/x86/kvm/mmu/mmu.c:484 at mark_mmio_spte+0xb2/0xc0 [kvm], CPU#0: vmx_ept_stale_r/4292\n  Modules linked in: kvm_intel kvm irqbypass\n  CPU: 0 UID: 1000 PID: 4292 Comm: vmx_ept_stale_r Not tainted 7.0.0-rc2-eafebd2d2ab0-sink-vm #319 PREEMPT\n  Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (Q35 + ICH9, 2009), BIOS 0.0.0 02/06/2015\n  RIP: 0010:mark_mmio_spte+0xb2/0xc0 [kvm]\n  Call Trace:\n   <TASK>\n   mmu_set_spte+0x237/0x440 [kvm]\n   ept_page_fault+0x535/0x7f0 [kvm]\n   kvm_mmu_do_page_fault+0xee/0x1f0 [kvm]\n   kvm_mmu_page_fault+0x8d/0x620 [kvm]\n   vmx_handle_exit+0x18c/0x5a0 [kvm_intel]\n   kvm_arch_vcpu_ioctl_run+0xc55/0x1c20 [kvm]\n   kvm_vcpu_ioctl+0x2d5/0x980 [kvm]\n   __x64_sys_ioctl+0x8a/0xd0\n   do_syscall_64+0xb5/0x730\n   entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x4b/0x53\n  RIP: 0033:0x47fa3f\n   </TASK>\n  ---[ end trace 0000000000000000 ]---"}],"providerMetadata":{"dateUpdated":"2026-04-11T12:45:46.506Z","orgId":"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67","shortName":"Linux"},"references":[{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/ed5909992f344a7d3f4024261e9f751d9618a27d"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/fd28c5618699180cd69619801e9ae6a5266c0a22"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/459158151a158a6703b49f3c9de0e536d8bd553f"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/695320de6eadb75aaed8be1787c4ce4c189e4c7b"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/bce7fe59d43531623f3e43779127bfb33804925d"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/aad885e774966e97b675dfe928da164214a71605"}],"title":"KVM: x86/mmu: Drop/zap existing present SPTE even when creating an MMIO SPTE","x_generator":{"engine":"bippy-1.2.0"}}},"cveMetadata":{"assignerOrgId":"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67","assignerShortName":"Linux","cveId":"CVE-2026-23401","datePublished":"2026-04-01T08:36:32.367Z","dateReserved":"2026-01-13T15:37:46.012Z","dateUpdated":"2026-04-11T12:45:46.506Z","state":"PUBLISHED"},"dataType":"CVE_RECORD","dataVersion":"5.2"},"nvd":{"publishedDate":"2026-04-01 09:16:15","lastModifiedDate":"2026-04-11 13:16:36","problem_types":[],"metrics":[],"configurations":[]},"legacy_mitre":{"record":{"CveYear":"2026","CveId":"23401","Ordinal":"1","Title":"KVM: x86/mmu: Drop/zap existing present SPTE even when creating ","CVE":"CVE-2026-23401","Year":"2026"},"notes":[{"CveYear":"2026","CveId":"23401","Ordinal":"1","NoteData":"In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nKVM: x86/mmu: Drop/zap existing present SPTE even when creating an MMIO SPTE\n\nWhen installing an emulated MMIO SPTE, do so *after* dropping/zapping the\nexisting SPTE (if it's shadow-present).  While commit a54aa15c6bda3 was\nright about it being impossible to convert a shadow-present SPTE to an\nMMIO SPTE due to a _guest_ write, it failed to account for writes to guest\nmemory that are outside the scope of KVM.\n\nE.g. if host userspace modifies a shadowed gPTE to switch from a memslot\nto emulted MMIO and then the guest hits a relevant page fault, KVM will\ninstall the MMIO SPTE without first zapping the shadow-present SPTE.\n\n  ------------[ cut here ]------------\n  is_shadow_present_pte(*sptep)\n  WARNING: arch/x86/kvm/mmu/mmu.c:484 at mark_mmio_spte+0xb2/0xc0 [kvm], CPU#0: vmx_ept_stale_r/4292\n  Modules linked in: kvm_intel kvm irqbypass\n  CPU: 0 UID: 1000 PID: 4292 Comm: vmx_ept_stale_r Not tainted 7.0.0-rc2-eafebd2d2ab0-sink-vm #319 PREEMPT\n  Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (Q35 + ICH9, 2009), BIOS 0.0.0 02/06/2015\n  RIP: 0010:mark_mmio_spte+0xb2/0xc0 [kvm]\n  Call Trace:\n   <TASK>\n   mmu_set_spte+0x237/0x440 [kvm]\n   ept_page_fault+0x535/0x7f0 [kvm]\n   kvm_mmu_do_page_fault+0xee/0x1f0 [kvm]\n   kvm_mmu_page_fault+0x8d/0x620 [kvm]\n   vmx_handle_exit+0x18c/0x5a0 [kvm_intel]\n   kvm_arch_vcpu_ioctl_run+0xc55/0x1c20 [kvm]\n   kvm_vcpu_ioctl+0x2d5/0x980 [kvm]\n   __x64_sys_ioctl+0x8a/0xd0\n   do_syscall_64+0xb5/0x730\n   entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x4b/0x53\n  RIP: 0033:0x47fa3f\n   </TASK>\n  ---[ end trace 0000000000000000 ]---","Type":"Description","Title":"KVM: x86/mmu: Drop/zap existing present SPTE even when creating "}]}}}