{"api_version":"1","generated_at":"2026-04-21T10:21:09+00:00","cve":"CVE-2026-23402","urls":{"html":"https://cve.report/CVE-2026-23402","api":"https://cve.report/api/cve/CVE-2026-23402.json","docs":"https://cve.report/api","cve_org":"https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-23402","nvd":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-23402"},"summary":{"title":"KVM: x86/mmu: Only WARN in direct MMUs when overwriting shadow-present SPTE","description":"In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nKVM: x86/mmu: Only WARN in direct MMUs when overwriting shadow-present SPTE\n\nAdjust KVM's sanity check against overwriting a shadow-present SPTE with a\nanother SPTE with a different target PFN to only apply to direct MMUs,\ni.e. only to MMUs without shadowed gPTEs.  While it's impossible for KVM\nto overwrite a shadow-present SPTE in response to a guest write, writes\nfrom outside the scope of KVM, e.g. from host userspace, aren't detected\nby KVM's write tracking and so can break KVM's shadow paging rules.\n\n  ------------[ cut here ]------------\n  pfn != spte_to_pfn(*sptep)\n  WARNING: arch/x86/kvm/mmu/mmu.c:3069 at mmu_set_spte+0x1e4/0x440 [kvm], CPU#0: vmx_ept_stale_r/872\n  Modules linked in: kvm_intel kvm irqbypass\n  CPU: 0 UID: 1000 PID: 872 Comm: vmx_ept_stale_r Not tainted 7.0.0-rc2-eafebd2d2ab0-sink-vm #319 PREEMPT\n  Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (Q35 + ICH9, 2009), BIOS 0.0.0 02/06/2015\n  RIP: 0010:mmu_set_spte+0x1e4/0x440 [kvm]\n  Call Trace:\n   <TASK>\n   ept_page_fault+0x535/0x7f0 [kvm]\n   kvm_mmu_do_page_fault+0xee/0x1f0 [kvm]\n   kvm_mmu_page_fault+0x8d/0x620 [kvm]\n   vmx_handle_exit+0x18c/0x5a0 [kvm_intel]\n   kvm_arch_vcpu_ioctl_run+0xc55/0x1c20 [kvm]\n   kvm_vcpu_ioctl+0x2d5/0x980 [kvm]\n   __x64_sys_ioctl+0x8a/0xd0\n   do_syscall_64+0xb5/0x730\n   entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x4b/0x53\n   </TASK>\n  ---[ end trace 0000000000000000 ]---","state":"PUBLISHED","assigner":"Linux","published_at":"2026-04-01 09:16:15","updated_at":"2026-04-02 12:16:20"},"problem_types":[],"metrics":[],"references":[{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/a1e0f7150639bc30a8e75476d1c7daab77d44992","name":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/a1e0f7150639bc30a8e75476d1c7daab77d44992","refsource":"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67","tags":[],"title":"","mime":"","httpstatus":"","archivestatus":"0"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/df83746075778958954aa0460cca55f4b3fc9c02","name":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/df83746075778958954aa0460cca55f4b3fc9c02","refsource":"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67","tags":[],"title":"","mime":"","httpstatus":"","archivestatus":"0"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/bab090e8fd5607f77379ea78b9d0c683cb1538a9","name":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/bab090e8fd5607f77379ea78b9d0c683cb1538a9","refsource":"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67","tags":[],"title":"","mime":"","httpstatus":"","archivestatus":"0"},{"url":"https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-23402","name":"CVE Program record","refsource":"CVE.ORG","tags":["canonical"]},{"url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-23402","name":"NVD vulnerability detail","refsource":"NVD","tags":["canonical","analysis"]}],"affected":[{"source":"CNA","vendor":"Linux","product":"Linux","version":"affected 11d45175111d933c5175acc28e56af2213dd5cd6 bab090e8fd5607f77379ea78b9d0c683cb1538a9 git","platforms":[]},{"source":"CNA","vendor":"Linux","product":"Linux","version":"affected 11d45175111d933c5175acc28e56af2213dd5cd6 a1e0f7150639bc30a8e75476d1c7daab77d44992 git","platforms":[]},{"source":"CNA","vendor":"Linux","product":"Linux","version":"affected 11d45175111d933c5175acc28e56af2213dd5cd6 df83746075778958954aa0460cca55f4b3fc9c02 git","platforms":[]},{"source":"CNA","vendor":"Linux","product":"Linux","version":"affected 6.16","platforms":[]},{"source":"CNA","vendor":"Linux","product":"Linux","version":"unaffected 6.16 semver","platforms":[]},{"source":"CNA","vendor":"Linux","product":"Linux","version":"unaffected 6.18.21 6.18.* semver","platforms":[]},{"source":"CNA","vendor":"Linux","product":"Linux","version":"unaffected 6.19.11 6.19.* semver","platforms":[]},{"source":"CNA","vendor":"Linux","product":"Linux","version":"unaffected 7.0-rc6 * original_commit_for_fix","platforms":[]}],"timeline":[],"solutions":[],"workarounds":[],"exploits":[],"credits":[],"nvd_cpes":[],"vendor_comments":[],"enrichments":{"kev":null,"epss":{"cve_year":"2026","cve_id":"23402","cve":"CVE-2026-23402","epss":"0.000220000","percentile":"0.058640000","score_date":"2026-04-07","updated_at":"2026-04-08 00:03:40"},"legacy_qids":[]},"source_records":{"cve_program":{"containers":{"cna":{"affected":[{"defaultStatus":"unaffected","product":"Linux","programFiles":["arch/x86/kvm/mmu/mmu.c"],"repo":"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git","vendor":"Linux","versions":[{"lessThan":"bab090e8fd5607f77379ea78b9d0c683cb1538a9","status":"affected","version":"11d45175111d933c5175acc28e56af2213dd5cd6","versionType":"git"},{"lessThan":"a1e0f7150639bc30a8e75476d1c7daab77d44992","status":"affected","version":"11d45175111d933c5175acc28e56af2213dd5cd6","versionType":"git"},{"lessThan":"df83746075778958954aa0460cca55f4b3fc9c02","status":"affected","version":"11d45175111d933c5175acc28e56af2213dd5cd6","versionType":"git"}]},{"defaultStatus":"affected","product":"Linux","programFiles":["arch/x86/kvm/mmu/mmu.c"],"repo":"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git","vendor":"Linux","versions":[{"status":"affected","version":"6.16"},{"lessThan":"6.16","status":"unaffected","version":"0","versionType":"semver"},{"lessThanOrEqual":"6.18.*","status":"unaffected","version":"6.18.21","versionType":"semver"},{"lessThanOrEqual":"6.19.*","status":"unaffected","version":"6.19.11","versionType":"semver"},{"lessThanOrEqual":"*","status":"unaffected","version":"7.0-rc6","versionType":"original_commit_for_fix"}]}],"cpeApplicability":[{"nodes":[{"cpeMatch":[{"criteria":"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","versionEndExcluding":"6.18.21","versionStartIncluding":"6.16","vulnerable":true},{"criteria":"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","versionEndExcluding":"6.19.11","versionStartIncluding":"6.16","vulnerable":true},{"criteria":"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","versionEndExcluding":"7.0-rc6","versionStartIncluding":"6.16","vulnerable":true}],"negate":false,"operator":"OR"}]}],"descriptions":[{"lang":"en","value":"In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nKVM: x86/mmu: Only WARN in direct MMUs when overwriting shadow-present SPTE\n\nAdjust KVM's sanity check against overwriting a shadow-present SPTE with a\nanother SPTE with a different target PFN to only apply to direct MMUs,\ni.e. only to MMUs without shadowed gPTEs.  While it's impossible for KVM\nto overwrite a shadow-present SPTE in response to a guest write, writes\nfrom outside the scope of KVM, e.g. from host userspace, aren't detected\nby KVM's write tracking and so can break KVM's shadow paging rules.\n\n  ------------[ cut here ]------------\n  pfn != spte_to_pfn(*sptep)\n  WARNING: arch/x86/kvm/mmu/mmu.c:3069 at mmu_set_spte+0x1e4/0x440 [kvm], CPU#0: vmx_ept_stale_r/872\n  Modules linked in: kvm_intel kvm irqbypass\n  CPU: 0 UID: 1000 PID: 872 Comm: vmx_ept_stale_r Not tainted 7.0.0-rc2-eafebd2d2ab0-sink-vm #319 PREEMPT\n  Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (Q35 + ICH9, 2009), BIOS 0.0.0 02/06/2015\n  RIP: 0010:mmu_set_spte+0x1e4/0x440 [kvm]\n  Call Trace:\n   <TASK>\n   ept_page_fault+0x535/0x7f0 [kvm]\n   kvm_mmu_do_page_fault+0xee/0x1f0 [kvm]\n   kvm_mmu_page_fault+0x8d/0x620 [kvm]\n   vmx_handle_exit+0x18c/0x5a0 [kvm_intel]\n   kvm_arch_vcpu_ioctl_run+0xc55/0x1c20 [kvm]\n   kvm_vcpu_ioctl+0x2d5/0x980 [kvm]\n   __x64_sys_ioctl+0x8a/0xd0\n   do_syscall_64+0xb5/0x730\n   entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x4b/0x53\n   </TASK>\n  ---[ end trace 0000000000000000 ]---"}],"providerMetadata":{"dateUpdated":"2026-04-02T11:30:57.726Z","orgId":"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67","shortName":"Linux"},"references":[{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/bab090e8fd5607f77379ea78b9d0c683cb1538a9"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/a1e0f7150639bc30a8e75476d1c7daab77d44992"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/df83746075778958954aa0460cca55f4b3fc9c02"}],"title":"KVM: x86/mmu: Only WARN in direct MMUs when overwriting shadow-present SPTE","x_generator":{"engine":"bippy-1.2.0"}}},"cveMetadata":{"assignerOrgId":"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67","assignerShortName":"Linux","cveId":"CVE-2026-23402","datePublished":"2026-04-01T08:36:33.366Z","dateReserved":"2026-01-13T15:37:46.012Z","dateUpdated":"2026-04-02T11:30:57.726Z","state":"PUBLISHED"},"dataType":"CVE_RECORD","dataVersion":"5.2"},"nvd":{"publishedDate":"2026-04-01 09:16:15","lastModifiedDate":"2026-04-02 12:16:20","problem_types":[],"metrics":[],"configurations":[]},"legacy_mitre":{"record":{"CveYear":"2026","CveId":"23402","Ordinal":"1","Title":"KVM: x86/mmu: Only WARN in direct MMUs when overwriting shadow-p","CVE":"CVE-2026-23402","Year":"2026"},"notes":[{"CveYear":"2026","CveId":"23402","Ordinal":"1","NoteData":"In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nKVM: x86/mmu: Only WARN in direct MMUs when overwriting shadow-present SPTE\n\nAdjust KVM's sanity check against overwriting a shadow-present SPTE with a\nanother SPTE with a different target PFN to only apply to direct MMUs,\ni.e. only to MMUs without shadowed gPTEs.  While it's impossible for KVM\nto overwrite a shadow-present SPTE in response to a guest write, writes\nfrom outside the scope of KVM, e.g. from host userspace, aren't detected\nby KVM's write tracking and so can break KVM's shadow paging rules.\n\n  ------------[ cut here ]------------\n  pfn != spte_to_pfn(*sptep)\n  WARNING: arch/x86/kvm/mmu/mmu.c:3069 at mmu_set_spte+0x1e4/0x440 [kvm], CPU#0: vmx_ept_stale_r/872\n  Modules linked in: kvm_intel kvm irqbypass\n  CPU: 0 UID: 1000 PID: 872 Comm: vmx_ept_stale_r Not tainted 7.0.0-rc2-eafebd2d2ab0-sink-vm #319 PREEMPT\n  Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (Q35 + ICH9, 2009), BIOS 0.0.0 02/06/2015\n  RIP: 0010:mmu_set_spte+0x1e4/0x440 [kvm]\n  Call Trace:\n   <TASK>\n   ept_page_fault+0x535/0x7f0 [kvm]\n   kvm_mmu_do_page_fault+0xee/0x1f0 [kvm]\n   kvm_mmu_page_fault+0x8d/0x620 [kvm]\n   vmx_handle_exit+0x18c/0x5a0 [kvm_intel]\n   kvm_arch_vcpu_ioctl_run+0xc55/0x1c20 [kvm]\n   kvm_vcpu_ioctl+0x2d5/0x980 [kvm]\n   __x64_sys_ioctl+0x8a/0xd0\n   do_syscall_64+0xb5/0x730\n   entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x4b/0x53\n   </TASK>\n  ---[ end trace 0000000000000000 ]---","Type":"Description","Title":"KVM: x86/mmu: Only WARN in direct MMUs when overwriting shadow-p"}]}}}