{"api_version":"1","generated_at":"2026-11-12T02:41:29+00:00","cve":"CVE-2026-44519","urls":{"html":"https://cve.report/CVE-2026-44519","api":"https://cve.report/api/cve/CVE-2026-44519.json","docs":"https://cve.report/api","cve_org":"https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-44519","nvd":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-44519"},"summary":{"title":"liboqs: Missing value barrier in FO implicit rejection path (FrodoKEM, NTRU, and others)","description":"liboqs is a C-language cryptographic library that provides implementations of post-quantum cryptography algorithms. Prior to 0.16.0, the ct_select function in src/kem/frodokem/external/util.c for the FrodoKEM-640, FrodoKEM-976, and FrodoKEM-1344 AES and SHAKE reference variants lacks a value barrier in the Fujisaki-Okamoto implicit-rejection path. When compiled with Clang 17 or later at an affected optimization level such as -Os, the compiler can emit a secret-dependent conditional load, causing the real and rejection secret paths to leave distinguishable cache residency after successful and failed decapsulation. A local attacker able to perform repeated cache-timing measurements may use this oracle as part of a private-key recovery attack. Default -O3 builds vectorize both source loads and do not exhibit the reported behavior, and the advisory does not report the same generated memory-access pattern in NTRU, NTRU-Prime, BIKE, HQC, Classic McEliece, Kyber, or the already-barriered ML-KEM implementation. This issue is fixed in version 0.16.0.","state":"PUBLISHED","assigner":"GitHub_M","published_at":"2026-11-06 22:17:51","updated_at":"2026-11-10 21:19:30"},"problem_types":["CWE-385","CWE-385 CWE-385: Covert Timing Channel"],"metrics":[{"version":"3.1","source":"security-advisories@github.com","type":"Secondary","score":"5.1","severity":"MEDIUM","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N","data":{"version":"3.1","vectorString":"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N","baseScore":5.1,"baseSeverity":"MEDIUM","attackVector":"LOCAL","attackComplexity":"HIGH","privilegesRequired":"NONE","userInteraction":"NONE","scope":"UNCHANGED","confidentialityImpact":"HIGH","integrityImpact":"NONE","availabilityImpact":"NONE"}},{"version":"3.1","source":"CNA","type":"DECLARED","score":"5.1","severity":"MEDIUM","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N","data":{"attackComplexity":"HIGH","attackVector":"LOCAL","availabilityImpact":"NONE","baseScore":5.1,"baseSeverity":"MEDIUM","confidentialityImpact":"HIGH","integrityImpact":"NONE","privilegesRequired":"NONE","scope":"UNCHANGED","userInteraction":"NONE","vectorString":"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N","version":"3.1"}}],"references":[{"url":"https://github.com/open-quantum-safe/liboqs/security/advisories/GHSA-5c97-hp95-vg56","name":"https://github.com/open-quantum-safe/liboqs/security/advisories/GHSA-5c97-hp95-vg56","refsource":"security-advisories@github.com","tags":[],"title":"","mime":"","httpstatus":"","archivestatus":"0"},{"url":"https://github.com/open-quantum-safe/liboqs/pull/2431","name":"https://github.com/open-quantum-safe/liboqs/pull/2431","refsource":"security-advisories@github.com","tags":[],"title":"","mime":"","httpstatus":"","archivestatus":"0"},{"url":"https://github.com/open-quantum-safe/liboqs/commit/d95fc734f5de9bdfc80c8c65d8166b30e9cff5cd","name":"https://github.com/open-quantum-safe/liboqs/commit/d95fc734f5de9bdfc80c8c65d8166b30e9cff5cd","refsource":"security-advisories@github.com","tags":[],"title":"","mime":"","httpstatus":"","archivestatus":"0"},{"url":"https://github.com/open-quantum-safe/liboqs/releases/tag/0.16.0","name":"https://github.com/open-quantum-safe/liboqs/releases/tag/0.16.0","refsource":"security-advisories@github.com","tags":[],"title":"","mime":"","httpstatus":"","archivestatus":"0"},{"url":"https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-44519","name":"CVE Program record","refsource":"CVE.ORG","tags":["canonical"]},{"url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-44519","name":"NVD vulnerability detail","refsource":"NVD","tags":["canonical","analysis"]}],"affected":[{"source":"CNA","vendor":"open-quantum-safe","product":"liboqs","version":"affected < 0.16.0","platforms":[]}],"timeline":[],"solutions":[],"workarounds":[],"exploits":[],"credits":[],"nvd_cpes":[],"vendor_comments":[],"enrichments":{"kev":null,"epss":{"cve_year":"2026","cve_id":"44519","cve":"CVE-2026-44519","epss":"0.001240000","percentile":"0.021610000","score_date":"2026-11-10","updated_at":"2026-11-11 00:08:18"},"legacy_qids":[]},"source_records":{"cve_program":{"containers":{"adp":[{"metrics":[{"other":{"content":{"id":"CVE-2026-44519","options":[{"Exploitation":"none"},{"Automatable":"no"},{"Technical Impact":"partial"}],"role":"CISA Coordinator","timestamp":"2026-11-10T20:17:16.621999Z","version":"2.0.3"},"type":"ssvc"}}],"providerMetadata":{"dateUpdated":"2026-11-10T20:17:27.818Z","orgId":"134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0","shortName":"CISA-ADP"},"title":"CISA ADP Vulnrichment"}],"cna":{"affected":[{"product":"liboqs","vendor":"open-quantum-safe","versions":[{"status":"affected","version":"< 0.16.0"}]}],"descriptions":[{"lang":"en","value":"liboqs is a C-language cryptographic library that provides implementations of post-quantum cryptography algorithms. Prior to 0.16.0, the ct_select function in src/kem/frodokem/external/util.c for the FrodoKEM-640, FrodoKEM-976, and FrodoKEM-1344 AES and SHAKE reference variants lacks a value barrier in the Fujisaki-Okamoto implicit-rejection path. When compiled with Clang 17 or later at an affected optimization level such as -Os, the compiler can emit a secret-dependent conditional load, causing the real and rejection secret paths to leave distinguishable cache residency after successful and failed decapsulation. A local attacker able to perform repeated cache-timing measurements may use this oracle as part of a private-key recovery attack. Default -O3 builds vectorize both source loads and do not exhibit the reported behavior, and the advisory does not report the same generated memory-access pattern in NTRU, NTRU-Prime, BIKE, HQC, Classic McEliece, Kyber, or the already-barriered ML-KEM implementation. This issue is fixed in version 0.16.0."}],"metrics":[{"cvssV3_1":{"attackComplexity":"HIGH","attackVector":"LOCAL","availabilityImpact":"NONE","baseScore":5.1,"baseSeverity":"MEDIUM","confidentialityImpact":"HIGH","integrityImpact":"NONE","privilegesRequired":"NONE","scope":"UNCHANGED","userInteraction":"NONE","vectorString":"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N","version":"3.1"}}],"problemTypes":[{"descriptions":[{"cweId":"CWE-385","description":"CWE-385: Covert Timing Channel","lang":"en","type":"CWE"}]}],"providerMetadata":{"dateUpdated":"2026-11-06T21:22:27.624Z","orgId":"a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa","shortName":"GitHub_M"},"references":[{"name":"https://github.com/open-quantum-safe/liboqs/security/advisories/GHSA-5c97-hp95-vg56","tags":["x_refsource_CONFIRM"],"url":"https://github.com/open-quantum-safe/liboqs/security/advisories/GHSA-5c97-hp95-vg56"},{"name":"https://github.com/open-quantum-safe/liboqs/pull/2431","tags":["x_refsource_MISC"],"url":"https://github.com/open-quantum-safe/liboqs/pull/2431"},{"name":"https://github.com/open-quantum-safe/liboqs/commit/d95fc734f5de9bdfc80c8c65d8166b30e9cff5cd","tags":["x_refsource_MISC"],"url":"https://github.com/open-quantum-safe/liboqs/commit/d95fc734f5de9bdfc80c8c65d8166b30e9cff5cd"},{"name":"https://github.com/open-quantum-safe/liboqs/releases/tag/0.16.0","tags":["x_refsource_MISC"],"url":"https://github.com/open-quantum-safe/liboqs/releases/tag/0.16.0"}],"source":{"advisory":"GHSA-5c97-hp95-vg56","discovery":"UNKNOWN"},"title":"liboqs: Missing value barrier in FO implicit rejection path (FrodoKEM, NTRU, and others)"}},"cveMetadata":{"assignerOrgId":"a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa","assignerShortName":"GitHub_M","cveId":"CVE-2026-44519","datePublished":"2026-11-06T21:22:27.624Z","dateReserved":"2026-05-06T18:28:20.888Z","dateUpdated":"2026-11-10T20:17:27.818Z","state":"PUBLISHED"},"dataType":"CVE_RECORD","dataVersion":"5.2"},"nvd":{"publishedDate":"2026-11-06 22:17:51","lastModifiedDate":"2026-11-10 21:19:30","problem_types":["CWE-385","CWE-385 CWE-385: Covert Timing Channel"],"metrics":{"cvssMetricV31":[{"source":"security-advisories@github.com","type":"Secondary","cvssData":{"version":"3.1","vectorString":"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N","baseScore":5.1,"baseSeverity":"MEDIUM","attackVector":"LOCAL","attackComplexity":"HIGH","privilegesRequired":"NONE","userInteraction":"NONE","scope":"UNCHANGED","confidentialityImpact":"HIGH","integrityImpact":"NONE","availabilityImpact":"NONE"},"exploitabilityScore":1.4,"impactScore":3.6}],"ssvcV203":[{"source":"134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0","ssvcData":{"timestamp":"2026-11-10T20:17:16.621999Z","id":"CVE-2026-44519","options":[{"exploitation":"none"},{"automatable":"no"},{"technicalImpact":"partial"}],"role":"CISA Coordinator","version":"2.0.3"}}]},"configurations":[]},"legacy_mitre":{"record":{"CveYear":"2026","CveId":"44519","Ordinal":"1","Title":"liboqs: Missing value barrier in FO implicit rejection path (Fro","CVE":"CVE-2026-44519","Year":"2026"},"notes":[{"CveYear":"2026","CveId":"44519","Ordinal":"1","NoteData":"liboqs is a C-language cryptographic library that provides implementations of post-quantum cryptography algorithms. Prior to 0.16.0, the ct_select function in src/kem/frodokem/external/util.c for the FrodoKEM-640, FrodoKEM-976, and FrodoKEM-1344 AES and SHAKE reference variants lacks a value barrier in the Fujisaki-Okamoto implicit-rejection path. When compiled with Clang 17 or later at an affected optimization level such as -Os, the compiler can emit a secret-dependent conditional load, causing the real and rejection secret paths to leave distinguishable cache residency after successful and failed decapsulation. A local attacker able to perform repeated cache-timing measurements may use this oracle as part of a private-key recovery attack. Default -O3 builds vectorize both source loads and do not exhibit the reported behavior, and the advisory does not report the same generated memory-access pattern in NTRU, NTRU-Prime, BIKE, HQC, Classic McEliece, Kyber, or the already-barriered ML-KEM implementation. This issue is fixed in version 0.16.0.","Type":"Description","Title":"liboqs: Missing value barrier in FO implicit rejection path (Fro"}]}}}