{"api_version":"1","generated_at":"2026-07-21T22:56:05+00:00","cve":"CVE-2026-46403","urls":{"html":"https://cve.report/CVE-2026-46403","api":"https://cve.report/api/cve/CVE-2026-46403.json","docs":"https://cve.report/api","cve_org":"https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-46403","nvd":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-46403"},"summary":{"title":"Klever-Go KVM read-only execution can commit contract delete and upgrade side effects","description":"Klever-Go is the Go implementation of the Klever blockchain protocol. Prior to 1.7.17, KVM exposes `ExecuteReadOnlyWithTypedArguments` as a read-only execution mechanism. The hook saves the previous read-only state, sets `runtime.SetReadOnly(true)`, executes the destination context, and then restores the previous read-only state. However, the indirect contract delete and upgrade paths do not reject execution when `runtime.ReadOnly()` is true. As a result, a contract reached through read-only execution can call the production delete hook for a target contract it owns. The delete path appends the target address to `vmOutput.DeletedAccounts`, the output context merges `DeletedAccounts` into the caller output, and the smart contract processor later processes the VM output by deleting accounts listed in that field. The root cause is that read-only mode is applied as runtime state, but not enforced by the state-changing delete and upgrade host-core paths. This breaks the expected isolation boundary for workflows that rely on read-only calls to inspect another contract without allowing that callee to produce state-changing VM output. The issue is fixed in v1.7.17. Contract delete and upgrade host-core paths now reject execution when `runtime.ReadOnly()` is true. The invariant is regression-tested for delete, upgrade, storage writes, value transfers, and any VM output field that can later mutate chain state.","state":"PUBLISHED","assigner":"GitHub_M","published_at":"2026-07-21 20:17:01","updated_at":"2026-07-21 20:17:01"},"problem_types":["CWE-693","CWE-693 CWE-693: Protection Mechanism Failure"],"metrics":[{"version":"3.1","source":"security-advisories@github.com","type":"Secondary","score":"6.3","severity":"MEDIUM","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:H/A:N","data":{"version":"3.1","vectorString":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:H/A:N","baseScore":6.3,"baseSeverity":"MEDIUM","attackVector":"NETWORK","attackComplexity":"HIGH","privilegesRequired":"LOW","userInteraction":"NONE","scope":"CHANGED","confidentialityImpact":"NONE","integrityImpact":"HIGH","availabilityImpact":"NONE"}},{"version":"3.1","source":"CNA","type":"DECLARED","score":"6.3","severity":"MEDIUM","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:H/A:N","data":{"attackComplexity":"HIGH","attackVector":"NETWORK","availabilityImpact":"NONE","baseScore":6.3,"baseSeverity":"MEDIUM","confidentialityImpact":"NONE","integrityImpact":"HIGH","privilegesRequired":"LOW","scope":"CHANGED","userInteraction":"NONE","vectorString":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:H/A:N","version":"3.1"}}],"references":[{"url":"https://github.com/klever-io/klever-go/commit/333f6ec910906e227705fc5767dc897d8fbfc862","name":"https://github.com/klever-io/klever-go/commit/333f6ec910906e227705fc5767dc897d8fbfc862","refsource":"security-advisories@github.com","tags":[],"title":"","mime":"","httpstatus":"","archivestatus":"0"},{"url":"https://github.com/klever-io/klever-go/security/advisories/GHSA-jc6w-wmfc-fh33","name":"https://github.com/klever-io/klever-go/security/advisories/GHSA-jc6w-wmfc-fh33","refsource":"security-advisories@github.com","tags":[],"title":"","mime":"","httpstatus":"","archivestatus":"0"},{"url":"https://github.com/klever-io/klever-go/commit/68b94a40824fac2d848a4ded6eb7c91ada6ce9ef","name":"https://github.com/klever-io/klever-go/commit/68b94a40824fac2d848a4ded6eb7c91ada6ce9ef","refsource":"security-advisories@github.com","tags":[],"title":"","mime":"","httpstatus":"","archivestatus":"0"},{"url":"https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-46403","name":"CVE Program record","refsource":"CVE.ORG","tags":["canonical"]},{"url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-46403","name":"NVD vulnerability detail","refsource":"NVD","tags":["canonical","analysis"]}],"affected":[{"source":"CNA","vendor":"klever-io","product":"klever-go","version":"affected < 1.7.17","platforms":[]}],"timeline":[],"solutions":[],"workarounds":[],"exploits":[],"credits":[],"nvd_cpes":[],"vendor_comments":[],"enrichments":{"kev":null,"epss":null,"legacy_qids":[]},"source_records":{"cve_program":{"containers":{"cna":{"affected":[{"product":"klever-go","vendor":"klever-io","versions":[{"status":"affected","version":"< 1.7.17"}]}],"descriptions":[{"lang":"en","value":"Klever-Go is the Go implementation of the Klever blockchain protocol. Prior to 1.7.17, KVM exposes `ExecuteReadOnlyWithTypedArguments` as a read-only execution mechanism. The hook saves the previous read-only state, sets `runtime.SetReadOnly(true)`, executes the destination context, and then restores the previous read-only state. However, the indirect contract delete and upgrade paths do not reject execution when `runtime.ReadOnly()` is true. As a result, a contract reached through read-only execution can call the production delete hook for a target contract it owns. The delete path appends the target address to `vmOutput.DeletedAccounts`, the output context merges `DeletedAccounts` into the caller output, and the smart contract processor later processes the VM output by deleting accounts listed in that field. The root cause is that read-only mode is applied as runtime state, but not enforced by the state-changing delete and upgrade host-core paths. This breaks the expected isolation boundary for workflows that rely on read-only calls to inspect another contract without allowing that callee to produce state-changing VM output. The issue is fixed in v1.7.17. Contract delete and upgrade host-core paths now reject execution when `runtime.ReadOnly()` is true. The invariant is regression-tested for delete, upgrade, storage writes, value transfers, and any VM output field that can later mutate chain state."}],"metrics":[{"cvssV3_1":{"attackComplexity":"HIGH","attackVector":"NETWORK","availabilityImpact":"NONE","baseScore":6.3,"baseSeverity":"MEDIUM","confidentialityImpact":"NONE","integrityImpact":"HIGH","privilegesRequired":"LOW","scope":"CHANGED","userInteraction":"NONE","vectorString":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:H/A:N","version":"3.1"}}],"problemTypes":[{"descriptions":[{"cweId":"CWE-693","description":"CWE-693: Protection Mechanism Failure","lang":"en","type":"CWE"}]}],"providerMetadata":{"dateUpdated":"2026-07-21T19:51:18.745Z","orgId":"a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa","shortName":"GitHub_M"},"references":[{"name":"https://github.com/klever-io/klever-go/security/advisories/GHSA-jc6w-wmfc-fh33","tags":["x_refsource_CONFIRM"],"url":"https://github.com/klever-io/klever-go/security/advisories/GHSA-jc6w-wmfc-fh33"},{"name":"https://github.com/klever-io/klever-go/commit/333f6ec910906e227705fc5767dc897d8fbfc862","tags":["x_refsource_MISC"],"url":"https://github.com/klever-io/klever-go/commit/333f6ec910906e227705fc5767dc897d8fbfc862"},{"name":"https://github.com/klever-io/klever-go/commit/68b94a40824fac2d848a4ded6eb7c91ada6ce9ef","tags":["x_refsource_MISC"],"url":"https://github.com/klever-io/klever-go/commit/68b94a40824fac2d848a4ded6eb7c91ada6ce9ef"}],"source":{"advisory":"GHSA-jc6w-wmfc-fh33","discovery":"UNKNOWN"},"title":"Klever-Go KVM read-only execution can commit contract delete and upgrade side effects"}},"cveMetadata":{"assignerOrgId":"a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa","assignerShortName":"GitHub_M","cveId":"CVE-2026-46403","datePublished":"2026-07-21T19:51:18.745Z","dateReserved":"2026-05-13T21:04:10.932Z","dateUpdated":"2026-07-21T19:51:18.745Z","state":"PUBLISHED"},"dataType":"CVE_RECORD","dataVersion":"5.2"},"nvd":{"publishedDate":"2026-07-21 20:17:01","lastModifiedDate":"2026-07-21 20:17:01","problem_types":["CWE-693","CWE-693 CWE-693: Protection Mechanism Failure"],"metrics":{"cvssMetricV31":[{"source":"security-advisories@github.com","type":"Secondary","cvssData":{"version":"3.1","vectorString":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:H/A:N","baseScore":6.3,"baseSeverity":"MEDIUM","attackVector":"NETWORK","attackComplexity":"HIGH","privilegesRequired":"LOW","userInteraction":"NONE","scope":"CHANGED","confidentialityImpact":"NONE","integrityImpact":"HIGH","availabilityImpact":"NONE"},"exploitabilityScore":1.8,"impactScore":4}]},"configurations":[]},"legacy_mitre":{"record":{"CveYear":"2026","CveId":"46403","Ordinal":"1","Title":"Klever-Go KVM read-only execution can commit contract delete and","CVE":"CVE-2026-46403","Year":"2026"},"notes":[{"CveYear":"2026","CveId":"46403","Ordinal":"1","NoteData":"Klever-Go is the Go implementation of the Klever blockchain protocol. Prior to 1.7.17, KVM exposes `ExecuteReadOnlyWithTypedArguments` as a read-only execution mechanism. The hook saves the previous read-only state, sets `runtime.SetReadOnly(true)`, executes the destination context, and then restores the previous read-only state. However, the indirect contract delete and upgrade paths do not reject execution when `runtime.ReadOnly()` is true. As a result, a contract reached through read-only execution can call the production delete hook for a target contract it owns. The delete path appends the target address to `vmOutput.DeletedAccounts`, the output context merges `DeletedAccounts` into the caller output, and the smart contract processor later processes the VM output by deleting accounts listed in that field. The root cause is that read-only mode is applied as runtime state, but not enforced by the state-changing delete and upgrade host-core paths. This breaks the expected isolation boundary for workflows that rely on read-only calls to inspect another contract without allowing that callee to produce state-changing VM output. The issue is fixed in v1.7.17. Contract delete and upgrade host-core paths now reject execution when `runtime.ReadOnly()` is true. The invariant is regression-tested for delete, upgrade, storage writes, value transfers, and any VM output field that can later mutate chain state.","Type":"Description","Title":"Klever-Go KVM read-only execution can commit contract delete and"}]}}}