Weak authentication between the Wireless Control Module (WCM) and the Engine Control Module (ECM) of the Indian Motorcycle Scout Bobber + Tech 2025 model year allows an adjacent-network attacker with read access to the in-vehicle network to recover the per-vehicle ECM immobilizer secret by passively observing a single seed/key exchange. The WCM derives its response using a reversible, non-cryptographic operation rather than a cryptographic challenge-response, so the persistent immobilizer secret can be reconstructed from one captured exchange. With this secret the attacker can authenticate to the ECM independently of the WCM and start the engine, defeating the immobilizer. Specific protocol details have been withheld pending vendor remediation.
"}],"value":"Weak authentication between the Wireless Control Module (WCM) and the Engine Control Module (ECM) of the Indian Motorcycle Scout Bobber + Tech 2025 model year allows an adjacent-network attacker with read access to the in-vehicle network to recover the per-vehicle ECM immobilizer secret by passively observing a single seed/key exchange. The WCM derives its response using a reversible, non-cryptographic operation rather than a cryptographic challenge-response, so the persistent immobilizer secret can be reconstructed from one captured exchange. With this secret the attacker can authenticate to the ECM independently of the WCM and start the engine, defeating the immobilizer. Specific protocol details have been withheld pending vendor remediation."}],"impacts":[{"descriptions":[{"lang":"en","value":"Cryptanalysis"}]},{"descriptions":[{"lang":"en","value":"Authentication Bypass"}]},{"descriptions":[{"lang":"en","value":"Read Sensitive Constants Within an Executable"}]}],"metrics":[{"cvssV3_1":{"attackComplexity":"LOW","attackVector":"PHYSICAL","availabilityImpact":"NONE","baseScore":4.3,"baseSeverity":"MEDIUM","confidentialityImpact":"HIGH","integrityImpact":"NONE","privilegesRequired":"NONE","scope":"UNCHANGED","userInteraction":"REQUIRED","vectorString":"CVSS:3.1/AV:P/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N","version":"3.1"},"format":"CVSS","scenarios":[{"lang":"en","value":"GENERAL"}]},{"cvssV4_0":{"Automatable":"NOT_DEFINED","Recovery":"NOT_DEFINED","Safety":"NOT_DEFINED","attackComplexity":"LOW","attackRequirements":"PRESENT","attackVector":"PHYSICAL","baseScore":4.1,"baseSeverity":"MEDIUM","exploitMaturity":"NOT_DEFINED","privilegesRequired":"NONE","providerUrgency":"NOT_DEFINED","subAvailabilityImpact":"NONE","subConfidentialityImpact":"NONE","subIntegrityImpact":"NONE","userInteraction":"PASSIVE","valueDensity":"NOT_DEFINED","vectorString":"CVSS:4.0/AV:P/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:P/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N","version":"4.0","vulnAvailabilityImpact":"NONE","vulnConfidentialityImpact":"HIGH","vulnIntegrityImpact":"NONE","vulnerabilityResponseEffort":"NOT_DEFINED"},"format":"CVSS","scenarios":[{"lang":"en","value":"GENERAL"}]}],"problemTypes":[{"descriptions":[{"cweId":"CWE-1390","description":"CWE-1390 Weak Authentication","lang":"en","type":"CWE"},{"cweId":"CWE-327","description":"CWE-327 Use of a Broken or Risky Cryptographic Algorithm","lang":"en","type":"CWE"},{"cweId":"CWE-798","description":"CWE-798 Use of Hard-coded Credentials","lang":"en","type":"CWE"}]}],"providerMetadata":{"dateUpdated":"2026-05-29T12:31:35.315Z","orgId":"c15abc07-96a9-4d11-a503-5d621bfe42ba","shortName":"ASRG"},"references":[{"url":"https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/1390.html"}],"solutions":[{"lang":"en","supportingMedia":[{"base64":false,"type":"text/html","value":"Replace the non-cryptographic authentication response with HMAC-SHA-256 or ECDSA over a fresh nonce, ECU identifier, and session counter; provision per-vehicle symmetric keys in tamper-resistant secure elements on both authenticating modules.
"}],"value":"Replace the non-cryptographic authentication response with HMAC-SHA-256 or ECDSA over a fresh nonce, ECU identifier, and session counter; provision per-vehicle symmetric keys in tamper-resistant secure elements on both authenticating modules."}],"source":{"discovery":"EXTERNAL"},"timeline":[{"lang":"en","time":"2025-03-26T00:00:00.000Z","value":"Reported to Indian Motorcycle by Rustic Security LLC (responsible disclosure)"}],"title":"Indian Scout Bobber 2025 WCM-to-ECM weak authentication","x_generator":{"engine":"Vulnogram 1.0.2"}}},"cveMetadata":{"assignerOrgId":"c15abc07-96a9-4d11-a503-5d621bfe42ba","assignerShortName":"ASRG","cveId":"CVE-2026-49323","datePublished":"2026-05-29T12:31:35.315Z","dateReserved":"2026-05-29T07:26:43.199Z","dateUpdated":"2026-05-29T12:31:35.315Z","state":"PUBLISHED"},"dataType":"CVE_RECORD","dataVersion":"5.2"},"nvd":{"publishedDate":"2026-05-29 13:16:23","lastModifiedDate":"2026-05-29 13:16:23","problem_types":["CWE-327","CWE-798","CWE-1390","CWE-1390 CWE-1390 Weak Authentication","CWE-327 CWE-327 Use of a Broken or Risky Cryptographic Algorithm","CWE-798 CWE-798 Use of Hard-coded Credentials"],"metrics":{"cvssMetricV40":[{"source":"cve@asrg.io","type":"Secondary","cvssData":{"version":"4.0","vectorString":"CVSS:4.0/AV:P/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:P/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X","baseScore":4.1,"baseSeverity":"MEDIUM","attackVector":"PHYSICAL","attackComplexity":"LOW","attackRequirements":"PRESENT","privilegesRequired":"NONE","userInteraction":"PASSIVE","vulnConfidentialityImpact":"HIGH","vulnIntegrityImpact":"NONE","vulnAvailabilityImpact":"NONE","subConfidentialityImpact":"NONE","subIntegrityImpact":"NONE","subAvailabilityImpact":"NONE","exploitMaturity":"NOT_DEFINED","confidentialityRequirement":"NOT_DEFINED","integrityRequirement":"NOT_DEFINED","availabilityRequirement":"NOT_DEFINED","modifiedAttackVector":"NOT_DEFINED","modifiedAttackComplexity":"NOT_DEFINED","modifiedAttackRequirements":"NOT_DEFINED","modifiedPrivilegesRequired":"NOT_DEFINED","modifiedUserInteraction":"NOT_DEFINED","modifiedVulnConfidentialityImpact":"NOT_DEFINED","modifiedVulnIntegrityImpact":"NOT_DEFINED","modifiedVulnAvailabilityImpact":"NOT_DEFINED","modifiedSubConfidentialityImpact":"NOT_DEFINED","modifiedSubIntegrityImpact":"NOT_DEFINED","modifiedSubAvailabilityImpact":"NOT_DEFINED","Safety":"NOT_DEFINED","Automatable":"NOT_DEFINED","Recovery":"NOT_DEFINED","valueDensity":"NOT_DEFINED","vulnerabilityResponseEffort":"NOT_DEFINED","providerUrgency":"NOT_DEFINED"}}],"cvssMetricV31":[{"source":"cve@asrg.io","type":"Secondary","cvssData":{"version":"3.1","vectorString":"CVSS:3.1/AV:P/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N","baseScore":4.3,"baseSeverity":"MEDIUM","attackVector":"PHYSICAL","attackComplexity":"LOW","privilegesRequired":"NONE","userInteraction":"REQUIRED","scope":"UNCHANGED","confidentialityImpact":"HIGH","integrityImpact":"NONE","availabilityImpact":"NONE"},"exploitabilityScore":0.7,"impactScore":3.6}]},"configurations":[]},"legacy_mitre":{"record":{"CveYear":"2026","CveId":"49323","Ordinal":"1","Title":"Indian Scout Bobber 2025 WCM-to-ECM weak authentication","CVE":"CVE-2026-49323","Year":"2026"},"notes":[{"CveYear":"2026","CveId":"49323","Ordinal":"1","NoteData":"Weak authentication between the Wireless Control Module (WCM) and the Engine Control Module (ECM) of the Indian Motorcycle Scout Bobber + Tech 2025 model year allows an adjacent-network attacker with read access to the in-vehicle network to recover the per-vehicle ECM immobilizer secret by passively observing a single seed/key exchange. The WCM derives its response using a reversible, non-cryptographic operation rather than a cryptographic challenge-response, so the persistent immobilizer secret can be reconstructed from one captured exchange. With this secret the attacker can authenticate to the ECM independently of the WCM and start the engine, defeating the immobilizer. Specific protocol details have been withheld pending vendor remediation.","Type":"Description","Title":"Indian Scout Bobber 2025 WCM-to-ECM weak authentication"}]}}}