{"api_version":"1","generated_at":"2026-09-18T07:36:26+00:00","cve":"CVE-2026-78228","urls":{"html":"https://cve.report/CVE-2026-78228","api":"https://cve.report/api/cve/CVE-2026-78228.json","docs":"https://cve.report/api","cve_org":"https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-78228","nvd":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-78228"},"summary":{"title":"Unbounded handle_error recursion enables denial of service in AshOban triggers","description":"Uncontrolled Recursion vulnerability in ash-project ash_oban allows a user who can drive a trigger's on_error action to fail on the final attempt to exhaust worker CPU and memory, denying service.\n\nThe generated worker's atomic handle_error/4 runs the trigger's on_error action on a job's final attempt inside a rescue that, when the action itself raises, calls handle_error/4 again with the same job. The job's attempt still equals max_attempts, so it re-enters the same clause and re-runs the failing action, with no exit. 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trigger must declare an <code>on_error</code> action and run through the atomic worker branch. An attacker needs only to drive that <code>on_error</code> action into a deterministic failure (for example by pushing the record into a state the action rejects) and let the job reach its final attempt.</p>"},{"base64":false,"type":"text/markdown","value":"A trigger must declare an `on_error` action and run through the atomic worker branch. An attacker needs only to drive that `on_error` action into a deterministic failure (for example by pushing the record into a state the action rejects) and let the job reach its final attempt."}],"value":"A trigger must declare an on_error action and run through the atomic worker branch. An attacker needs only to drive that on_error action into a deterministic failure (for example by pushing the record into a state the action rejects) and let the job reach its final attempt."}],"cpeApplicability":[{"nodes":[{"cpeMatch":[{"criteria":"cpe:2.3:a:ash-project:ash_oban:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","versionEndExcluding":"0.8.14","versionStartIncluding":"0.8.0-rc.1","vulnerable":true}],"negate":false,"operator":"OR"}],"operator":"AND"}],"credits":[{"lang":"en","type":"finder","value":"Peter Ullrich"},{"lang":"en","type":"reporter","value":"Peter Ullrich"},{"lang":"en","type":"remediation developer","value":"Zach Daniel / Ash Project"},{"lang":"en","type":"coordinator","value":"Jonatan Männchen / EEF"}],"descriptions":[{"lang":"en","supportingMedia":[{"base64":false,"type":"text/html","value":"<p>Uncontrolled Recursion vulnerability in ash-project ash_oban allows a user who can drive a trigger's <code>on_error</code> action to fail on the final attempt to exhaust worker CPU and memory, denying service.</p>\n<p>The generated worker's atomic <code>handle_error/4</code> runs the trigger's <code>on_error</code> action on a job's final attempt inside a <code>rescue</code> that, when the action itself raises, calls <code>handle_error/4</code> again with the same job. The job's <code>attempt</code> still equals <code>max_attempts</code>, so it re-enters the same clause and re-runs the failing action, with no exit. Any deterministic <code>on_error</code> failure (a data-layer outage, a misconfigured action, or a record the action rejects) loops forever; because the recursive call is not in tail position, each iteration retains a formatted stacktrace and the process heap grows without bound while the failing statement is re-issued against the data layer until the runtime kills the worker.</p>\n<p>This issue affects ash_oban: from 0.8.0-rc.1 before 0.8.14.</p>"},{"base64":false,"type":"text/markdown","value":"Uncontrolled Recursion vulnerability in ash-project ash_oban allows a user who can drive a trigger's `on_error` action to fail on the final attempt to exhaust worker CPU and memory, denying service.\n\nThe generated worker's atomic `handle_error/4` runs the trigger's `on_error` action on a job's final attempt inside a `rescue` that, when the action itself raises, calls `handle_error/4` again with the same job. The job's `attempt` still equals `max_attempts`, so it re-enters the same clause and re-runs the failing action, with no exit. Any deterministic `on_error` failure (a data-layer outage, a misconfigured action, or a record the action rejects) loops forever; because the recursive call is not in tail position, each iteration retains a formatted stacktrace and the process heap grows without bound while the failing statement is re-issued against the data layer until the runtime kills the worker.\n\nThis issue affects ash_oban: from 0.8.0-rc.1 before 0.8.14."}],"value":"Uncontrolled Recursion vulnerability in ash-project ash_oban allows a user who can drive a trigger's on_error action to fail on the final attempt to exhaust worker CPU and memory, denying service.\n\nThe generated worker's atomic handle_error/4 runs the trigger's on_error action on a job's final attempt inside a rescue that, when the action itself raises, calls handle_error/4 again with the same job. The job's attempt still equals max_attempts, so it re-enters the same clause and re-runs the failing action, with no exit. Any deterministic on_error failure (a data-layer outage, a misconfigured action, or a record the action rejects) loops forever; because the recursive call is not in tail position, each iteration retains a formatted stacktrace and the process heap grows without bound while the failing statement is re-issued against the data layer until the runtime kills the worker.\n\nThis issue affects ash_oban: from 0.8.0-rc.1 before 0.8.14."}],"impacts":[{"capecId":"CAPEC-130","descriptions":[{"lang":"en","value":"CAPEC-130 Excessive Allocation"}]}],"metrics":[{"cvssV4_0":{"Automatable":"NOT_DEFINED","Recovery":"NOT_DEFINED","Safety":"NOT_DEFINED","attackComplexity":"LOW","attackRequirements":"PRESENT","attackVector":"LOCAL","baseScore":5.9,"baseSeverity":"MEDIUM","privilegesRequired":"NONE","providerUrgency":"NOT_DEFINED","subAvailabilityImpact":"NONE","subConfidentialityImpact":"NONE","subIntegrityImpact":"NONE","userInteraction":"NONE","valueDensity":"NOT_DEFINED","vectorString":"CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N","version":"4.0","vulnAvailabilityImpact":"HIGH","vulnConfidentialityImpact":"NONE","vulnIntegrityImpact":"NONE","vulnerabilityResponseEffort":"NOT_DEFINED"},"format":"CVSS","scenarios":[{"lang":"en","value":"GENERAL"}]}],"problemTypes":[{"descriptions":[{"cweId":"CWE-674","description":"CWE-674 Uncontrolled Recursion","lang":"en","type":"CWE"}]}],"providerMetadata":{"dateUpdated":"2026-08-30T11:51:49.621Z","orgId":"6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db","shortName":"EEF"},"references":[{"tags":["vendor-advisory","related"],"url":"https://github.com/ash-project/ash_oban/security/advisories/GHSA-94p7-498r-mrhp"},{"tags":["related"],"url":"https://cna.erlef.org/cves/CVE-2026-78228.html"},{"tags":["related"],"url":"https://osv.dev/vulnerability/EEF-CVE-2026-78228"},{"tags":["patch"],"url":"https://github.com/ash-project/ash_oban/commit/851cd0e76ed882bf736fc48d10f96d037e26b5f0"}],"source":{"discovery":"EXTERNAL"},"title":"Unbounded handle_error recursion enables denial of service in AshOban triggers"}},"cveMetadata":{"assignerOrgId":"6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db","assignerShortName":"EEF","cveId":"CVE-2026-78228","datePublished":"2026-08-30T11:51:49.621Z","dateReserved":"2026-08-30T00:00:01.991Z","dateUpdated":"2026-08-31T14:56:07.859Z","state":"PUBLISHED"},"dataType":"CVE_RECORD","dataVersion":"5.2"},"nvd":{"publishedDate":"2026-08-30 12:17:18","lastModifiedDate":"2026-09-01 21:15:00","problem_types":["CWE-674","CWE-674 CWE-674 Uncontrolled Recursion"],"metrics":{"cvssMetricV40":[{"source":"6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db","type":"Secondary","cvssData":{"version":"4.0","vectorString":"CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X","baseScore":5.9,"baseSeverity":"MEDIUM","attackVector":"LOCAL","attackComplexity":"LOW","attackRequirements":"PRESENT","privilegesRequired":"NONE","userInteraction":"NONE","vulnConfidentialityImpact":"NONE","vulnIntegrityImpact":"NONE","vulnAvailabilityImpact":"HIGH","subConfidentialityImpact":"NONE","subIntegrityImpact":"NONE","subAvailabilityImpact":"NONE","exploitMaturity":"NOT_DEFINED","confidentialityRequirement":"NOT_DEFINED","integrityRequirement":"NOT_DEFINED","availabilityRequirement":"NOT_DEFINED","modifiedAttackVector":"NOT_DEFINED","modifiedAttackComplexity":"NOT_DEFINED","modifiedAttackRequirements":"NOT_DEFINED","modifiedPrivilegesRequired":"NOT_DEFINED","modifiedUserInteraction":"NOT_DEFINED","modifiedVulnConfidentialityImpact":"NOT_DEFINED","modifiedVulnIntegrityImpact":"NOT_DEFINED","modifiedVulnAvailabilityImpact":"NOT_DEFINED","modifiedSubConfidentialityImpact":"NOT_DEFINED","modifiedSubIntegrityImpact":"NOT_DEFINED","modifiedSubAvailabilityImpact":"NOT_DEFINED","Safety":"NOT_DEFINED","Automatable":"NOT_DEFINED","Recovery":"NOT_DEFINED","valueDensity":"NOT_DEFINED","vulnerabilityResponseEffort":"NOT_DEFINED","providerUrgency":"NOT_DEFINED"}}],"ssvcV203":[{"source":"134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0","ssvcData":{"timestamp":"2026-08-31T14:55:44.685926Z","id":"CVE-2026-78228","options":[{"exploitation":"poc"},{"automatable":"no"},{"technicalImpact":"partial"}],"role":"CISA Coordinator","version":"2.0.3"}}]},"configurations":[]},"legacy_mitre":{"record":{"CveYear":"2026","CveId":"78228","Ordinal":"1","Title":"Unbounded handle_error recursion enables denial of service in As","CVE":"CVE-2026-78228","Year":"2026"},"notes":[{"CveYear":"2026","CveId":"78228","Ordinal":"1","NoteData":"Uncontrolled Recursion vulnerability in ash-project ash_oban allows a user who can drive a trigger's on_error action to fail on the final attempt to exhaust worker CPU and memory, denying service.\n\nThe generated worker's atomic handle_error/4 runs the trigger's on_error action on a job's final attempt inside a rescue that, when the action itself raises, calls handle_error/4 again with the same job. 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