{"api_version":"1","generated_at":"2026-08-31T04:06:58+00:00","cve":"CVE-2026-80652","urls":{"html":"https://cve.report/CVE-2026-80652","api":"https://cve.report/api/cve/CVE-2026-80652.json","docs":"https://cve.report/api","cve_org":"https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-80652","nvd":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-80652"},"summary":{"title":"crypto: ccp - Treat zero-length cert chain as query for blob lengths","description":"In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\ncrypto: ccp - Treat zero-length cert chain as query for blob lengths\n\nWhen handling a PDH export, treat a zero-length userspace cert chain buffer\nas a request to query the length of the relevant blobs.  Failure to account\nfor the zero-length buffer trips a BUG_ON() when running with\nCONFIG_DEBUG_VIRTUAL=y due to trying to get the physical address of the\nZERO_SIZE_PTR (returned by kzalloc() on the bogus allocation).\n\n   kernel BUG at arch/x86/mm/physaddr.c:28 !\n  Oops: invalid opcode: 0000 [#1] SMP KASAN NOPTI\n  CPU: 30 UID: 0 PID: 28580 Comm: syz.2.18 Kdump: loaded\n  Tainted: G        W           6.18.16-smp-DEV #1 NONE\n  Tainted: [W]=WARN\n  Hardware name: Google, Inc. Arcadia_IT_80/Arcadia_IT_80, BIOS 12.62.0-0 11/19/2025\n   RIP: 0010:__phys_addr+0x16a/0x180 arch/x86/mm/physaddr.c:28\n  RSP: 0018:ffffc9008329fc80 EFLAGS: 00010293\n  RAX: ffffffff8179110a RBX: 0000778000000010 RCX: ffff8884e6992600\n  RDX: 0000000000000000 RSI: 0000000080000010 RDI: 0000778000000010\n  RBP: ffffc9008329fdf0 R08: 0000000000000dc0 R09: 00000000ffffffff\n  R10: dffffc0000000000 R11: fffffbfff126d297 R12: dffffc0000000000\n  R13: 1ffff92010653fc8 R14: 0000000080000010 R15: dffffc0000000000\n  FS:  0000555556bec9c0(0000) GS:ffff88aa4ce1c000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000\n  CS:  0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033\n  CR2: 00007fd3159e7000 CR3: 00000004fbc44000 CR4: 0000000000350ef0\n  Call Trace:\n   <TASK>\n    [<ffffffff853d3869>] sev_ioctl_do_pdh_export+0x559/0x7a0 drivers/crypto/ccp/sev-dev.c:2308\n    [<ffffffff853d1fdd>] sev_ioctl+0x2cd/0x480 drivers/crypto/ccp/sev-dev.c:2556\n    [<ffffffff82549ebc>] vfs_ioctl fs/ioctl.c:52 [inline]\n    [<ffffffff82549ebc>] __do_sys_ioctl fs/ioctl.c:598 [inline]\n    [<ffffffff82549ebc>] __se_sys_ioctl+0xfc/0x170 fs/ioctl.c:584\n    [<ffffffff8630115f>] do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:64 [inline]\n    [<ffffffff8630115f>] do_syscall_64+0x9f/0xf40 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:98\n   [<ffffffff81000136>] entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x76/0x7e\n  RIP: 0033:0x7fd3158eac39\n   </TASK>\n\nThankfully, the bug is benign outside of CONFIG_DEBUG_VIRTUAL=y as getting\nthe physical address is just arithmetic, and the PSP errors out before\ntrying to write to the garbage address (which it must, otherwise querying\nthe blob lengths would clobber memory at pfn=0).","state":"PUBLISHED","assigner":"Linux","published_at":"2026-08-28 08:16:50","updated_at":"2026-08-28 08:16:50"},"problem_types":[],"metrics":[],"references":[{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/d88071a6ce091272726bedda26c105b85b23705f","name":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/d88071a6ce091272726bedda26c105b85b23705f","refsource":"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67","tags":[],"title":"","mime":"","httpstatus":"","archivestatus":"0"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/50c3c7df4f26d36b30bc950a7d780f7029fd52f8","name":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/50c3c7df4f26d36b30bc950a7d780f7029fd52f8","refsource":"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67","tags":[],"title":"","mime":"","httpstatus":"","archivestatus":"0"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/21650fe221ea9b72809140b691589dde8bff3eab","name":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/21650fe221ea9b72809140b691589dde8bff3eab","refsource":"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67","tags":[],"title":"","mime":"","httpstatus":"","archivestatus":"0"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/13b4d5e055d344e34b864bced0a591ceaac7ad81","name":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/13b4d5e055d344e34b864bced0a591ceaac7ad81","refsource":"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67","tags":[],"title":"","mime":"","httpstatus":"","archivestatus":"0"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/1c587f30c6242cc37b3d6ee6d91daef84e51633f","name":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/1c587f30c6242cc37b3d6ee6d91daef84e51633f","refsource":"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67","tags":[],"title":"","mime":"","httpstatus":"","archivestatus":"0"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/ef8c9dacda2871accd64e3eda951fef6b788b1ea","name":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/ef8c9dacda2871accd64e3eda951fef6b788b1ea","refsource":"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67","tags":[],"title":"","mime":"","httpstatus":"","archivestatus":"0"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/94344bc7c9d70b04be718d841b92873aa3ea8191","name":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/94344bc7c9d70b04be718d841b92873aa3ea8191","refsource":"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67","tags":[],"title":"","mime":"","httpstatus":"","archivestatus":"0"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/ee717e73ab47253c82c134c342e32fcdfcfccd87","name":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/ee717e73ab47253c82c134c342e32fcdfcfccd87","refsource":"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67","tags":[],"title":"","mime":"","httpstatus":"","archivestatus":"0"},{"url":"https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-80652","name":"CVE Program record","refsource":"CVE.ORG","tags":["canonical"]},{"url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-80652","name":"NVD vulnerability detail","refsource":"NVD","tags":["canonical","analysis"]}],"affected":[{"source":"CNA","vendor":"Linux","product":"Linux","version":"affected 76a2b524a4b1d6dc0f2421f9854a01d55d5e5436 1c587f30c6242cc37b3d6ee6d91daef84e51633f git","platforms":[]},{"source":"CNA","vendor":"Linux","product":"Linux","version":"affected 76a2b524a4b1d6dc0f2421f9854a01d55d5e5436 13b4d5e055d344e34b864bced0a591ceaac7ad81 git","platforms":[]},{"source":"CNA","vendor":"Linux","product":"Linux","version":"affected 76a2b524a4b1d6dc0f2421f9854a01d55d5e5436 94344bc7c9d70b04be718d841b92873aa3ea8191 git","platforms":[]},{"source":"CNA","vendor":"Linux","product":"Linux","version":"affected 76a2b524a4b1d6dc0f2421f9854a01d55d5e5436 50c3c7df4f26d36b30bc950a7d780f7029fd52f8 git","platforms":[]},{"source":"CNA","vendor":"Linux","product":"Linux","version":"affected 76a2b524a4b1d6dc0f2421f9854a01d55d5e5436 ee717e73ab47253c82c134c342e32fcdfcfccd87 git","platforms":[]},{"source":"CNA","vendor":"Linux","product":"Linux","version":"affected 76a2b524a4b1d6dc0f2421f9854a01d55d5e5436 21650fe221ea9b72809140b691589dde8bff3eab git","platforms":[]},{"source":"CNA","vendor":"Linux","product":"Linux","version":"affected 76a2b524a4b1d6dc0f2421f9854a01d55d5e5436 d88071a6ce091272726bedda26c105b85b23705f git","platforms":[]},{"source":"CNA","vendor":"Linux","product":"Linux","version":"affected 76a2b524a4b1d6dc0f2421f9854a01d55d5e5436 ef8c9dacda2871accd64e3eda951fef6b788b1ea git","platforms":[]},{"source":"CNA","vendor":"Linux","product":"Linux","version":"affected 4.16","platforms":[]},{"source":"CNA","vendor":"Linux","product":"Linux","version":"unaffected 4.16 semver","platforms":[]},{"source":"CNA","vendor":"Linux","product":"Linux","version":"unaffected 5.10.261 5.10.* semver","platforms":[]},{"source":"CNA","vendor":"Linux","product":"Linux","version":"unaffected 5.15.212 5.15.* semver","platforms":[]},{"source":"CNA","vendor":"Linux","product":"Linux","version":"unaffected 6.1.178 6.1.* semver","platforms":[]},{"source":"CNA","vendor":"Linux","product":"Linux","version":"unaffected 6.6.145 6.6.* semver","platforms":[]},{"source":"CNA","vendor":"Linux","product":"Linux","version":"unaffected 6.12.97 6.12.* semver","platforms":[]},{"source":"CNA","vendor":"Linux","product":"Linux","version":"unaffected 6.18.40 6.18.* semver","platforms":[]},{"source":"CNA","vendor":"Linux","product":"Linux","version":"unaffected 7.1.5 7.1.* semver","platforms":[]},{"source":"CNA","vendor":"Linux","product":"Linux","version":"unaffected 7.2 * original_commit_for_fix","platforms":[]}],"timeline":[],"solutions":[],"workarounds":[],"exploits":[],"credits":[],"nvd_cpes":[],"vendor_comments":[],"enrichments":{"kev":null,"epss":{"cve_year":"2026","cve_id":"80652","cve":"CVE-2026-80652","epss":"0.001760000","percentile":"0.072580000","score_date":"2026-08-30","updated_at":"2026-08-31 00:14:06"},"legacy_qids":[]},"source_records":{"cve_program":{"containers":{"cna":{"affected":[{"defaultStatus":"unaffected","product":"Linux","programFiles":["drivers/crypto/ccp/sev-dev.c"],"repo":"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git","vendor":"Linux","versions":[{"lessThan":"1c587f30c6242cc37b3d6ee6d91daef84e51633f","status":"affected","version":"76a2b524a4b1d6dc0f2421f9854a01d55d5e5436","versionType":"git"},{"lessThan":"13b4d5e055d344e34b864bced0a591ceaac7ad81","status":"affected","version":"76a2b524a4b1d6dc0f2421f9854a01d55d5e5436","versionType":"git"},{"lessThan":"94344bc7c9d70b04be718d841b92873aa3ea8191","status":"affected","version":"76a2b524a4b1d6dc0f2421f9854a01d55d5e5436","versionType":"git"},{"lessThan":"50c3c7df4f26d36b30bc950a7d780f7029fd52f8","status":"affected","version":"76a2b524a4b1d6dc0f2421f9854a01d55d5e5436","versionType":"git"},{"lessThan":"ee717e73ab47253c82c134c342e32fcdfcfccd87","status":"affected","version":"76a2b524a4b1d6dc0f2421f9854a01d55d5e5436","versionType":"git"},{"lessThan":"21650fe221ea9b72809140b691589dde8bff3eab","status":"affected","version":"76a2b524a4b1d6dc0f2421f9854a01d55d5e5436","versionType":"git"},{"lessThan":"d88071a6ce091272726bedda26c105b85b23705f","status":"affected","version":"76a2b524a4b1d6dc0f2421f9854a01d55d5e5436","versionType":"git"},{"lessThan":"ef8c9dacda2871accd64e3eda951fef6b788b1ea","status":"affected","version":"76a2b524a4b1d6dc0f2421f9854a01d55d5e5436","versionType":"git"}]},{"defaultStatus":"affected","product":"Linux","programFiles":["drivers/crypto/ccp/sev-dev.c"],"repo":"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git","vendor":"Linux","versions":[{"status":"affected","version":"4.16"},{"lessThan":"4.16","status":"unaffected","version":"0","versionType":"semver"},{"lessThanOrEqual":"5.10.*","status":"unaffected","version":"5.10.261","versionType":"semver"},{"lessThanOrEqual":"5.15.*","status":"unaffected","version":"5.15.212","versionType":"semver"},{"lessThanOrEqual":"6.1.*","status":"unaffected","version":"6.1.178","versionType":"semver"},{"lessThanOrEqual":"6.6.*","status":"unaffected","version":"6.6.145","versionType":"semver"},{"lessThanOrEqual":"6.12.*","status":"unaffected","version":"6.12.97","versionType":"semver"},{"lessThanOrEqual":"6.18.*","status":"unaffected","version":"6.18.40","versionType":"semver"},{"lessThanOrEqual":"7.1.*","status":"unaffected","version":"7.1.5","versionType":"semver"},{"lessThanOrEqual":"*","status":"unaffected","version":"7.2","versionType":"original_commit_for_fix"}]}],"cpeApplicability":[{"nodes":[{"cpeMatch":[{"criteria":"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","versionEndExcluding":"5.10.261","versionStartIncluding":"4.16","vulnerable":true},{"criteria":"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","versionEndExcluding":"5.15.212","versionStartIncluding":"4.16","vulnerable":true},{"criteria":"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","versionEndExcluding":"6.1.178","versionStartIncluding":"4.16","vulnerable":true},{"criteria":"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","versionEndExcluding":"6.6.145","versionStartIncluding":"4.16","vulnerable":true},{"criteria":"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","versionEndExcluding":"6.12.97","versionStartIncluding":"4.16","vulnerable":true},{"criteria":"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","versionEndExcluding":"6.18.40","versionStartIncluding":"4.16","vulnerable":true},{"criteria":"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","versionEndExcluding":"7.1.5","versionStartIncluding":"4.16","vulnerable":true},{"criteria":"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","versionEndExcluding":"7.2","versionStartIncluding":"4.16","vulnerable":true}],"negate":false,"operator":"OR"}]}],"descriptions":[{"lang":"en","value":"In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\ncrypto: ccp - Treat zero-length cert chain as query for blob lengths\n\nWhen handling a PDH export, treat a zero-length userspace cert chain buffer\nas a request to query the length of the relevant blobs.  Failure to account\nfor the zero-length buffer trips a BUG_ON() when running with\nCONFIG_DEBUG_VIRTUAL=y due to trying to get the physical address of the\nZERO_SIZE_PTR (returned by kzalloc() on the bogus allocation).\n\n   kernel BUG at arch/x86/mm/physaddr.c:28 !\n  Oops: invalid opcode: 0000 [#1] SMP KASAN NOPTI\n  CPU: 30 UID: 0 PID: 28580 Comm: syz.2.18 Kdump: loaded\n  Tainted: G        W           6.18.16-smp-DEV #1 NONE\n  Tainted: [W]=WARN\n  Hardware name: Google, Inc. Arcadia_IT_80/Arcadia_IT_80, BIOS 12.62.0-0 11/19/2025\n   RIP: 0010:__phys_addr+0x16a/0x180 arch/x86/mm/physaddr.c:28\n  RSP: 0018:ffffc9008329fc80 EFLAGS: 00010293\n  RAX: ffffffff8179110a RBX: 0000778000000010 RCX: ffff8884e6992600\n  RDX: 0000000000000000 RSI: 0000000080000010 RDI: 0000778000000010\n  RBP: ffffc9008329fdf0 R08: 0000000000000dc0 R09: 00000000ffffffff\n  R10: dffffc0000000000 R11: fffffbfff126d297 R12: dffffc0000000000\n  R13: 1ffff92010653fc8 R14: 0000000080000010 R15: dffffc0000000000\n  FS:  0000555556bec9c0(0000) GS:ffff88aa4ce1c000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000\n  CS:  0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033\n  CR2: 00007fd3159e7000 CR3: 00000004fbc44000 CR4: 0000000000350ef0\n  Call Trace:\n   <TASK>\n    [<ffffffff853d3869>] sev_ioctl_do_pdh_export+0x559/0x7a0 drivers/crypto/ccp/sev-dev.c:2308\n    [<ffffffff853d1fdd>] sev_ioctl+0x2cd/0x480 drivers/crypto/ccp/sev-dev.c:2556\n    [<ffffffff82549ebc>] vfs_ioctl fs/ioctl.c:52 [inline]\n    [<ffffffff82549ebc>] __do_sys_ioctl fs/ioctl.c:598 [inline]\n    [<ffffffff82549ebc>] __se_sys_ioctl+0xfc/0x170 fs/ioctl.c:584\n    [<ffffffff8630115f>] do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:64 [inline]\n    [<ffffffff8630115f>] do_syscall_64+0x9f/0xf40 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:98\n   [<ffffffff81000136>] entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x76/0x7e\n  RIP: 0033:0x7fd3158eac39\n   </TASK>\n\nThankfully, the bug is benign outside of CONFIG_DEBUG_VIRTUAL=y as getting\nthe physical address is just arithmetic, and the PSP errors out before\ntrying to write to the garbage address (which it must, otherwise querying\nthe blob lengths would clobber memory at pfn=0)."}],"providerMetadata":{"dateUpdated":"2026-08-28T06:49:00.093Z","orgId":"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67","shortName":"Linux"},"references":[{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/1c587f30c6242cc37b3d6ee6d91daef84e51633f"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/13b4d5e055d344e34b864bced0a591ceaac7ad81"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/94344bc7c9d70b04be718d841b92873aa3ea8191"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/50c3c7df4f26d36b30bc950a7d780f7029fd52f8"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/ee717e73ab47253c82c134c342e32fcdfcfccd87"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/21650fe221ea9b72809140b691589dde8bff3eab"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/d88071a6ce091272726bedda26c105b85b23705f"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/ef8c9dacda2871accd64e3eda951fef6b788b1ea"}],"title":"crypto: ccp - Treat zero-length cert chain as query for blob lengths","x_generator":{"engine":"bippy-1.2.0"}}},"cveMetadata":{"assignerOrgId":"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67","assignerShortName":"Linux","cveId":"CVE-2026-80652","datePublished":"2026-08-28T06:49:00.093Z","dateReserved":"2026-08-26T14:34:25.779Z","dateUpdated":"2026-08-28T06:49:00.093Z","state":"PUBLISHED"},"dataType":"CVE_RECORD","dataVersion":"5.2"},"nvd":{"publishedDate":"2026-08-28 08:16:50","lastModifiedDate":"2026-08-28 08:16:50","problem_types":[],"metrics":[],"configurations":[]},"legacy_mitre":{"record":{"CveYear":"2026","CveId":"80652","Ordinal":"1","Title":"crypto: ccp - Treat zero-length cert chain as query for blob len","CVE":"CVE-2026-80652","Year":"2026"},"notes":[{"CveYear":"2026","CveId":"80652","Ordinal":"1","NoteData":"In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\ncrypto: ccp - Treat zero-length cert chain as query for blob lengths\n\nWhen handling a PDH export, treat a zero-length userspace cert chain buffer\nas a request to query the length of the relevant blobs.  Failure to account\nfor the zero-length buffer trips a BUG_ON() when running with\nCONFIG_DEBUG_VIRTUAL=y due to trying to get the physical address of the\nZERO_SIZE_PTR (returned by kzalloc() on the bogus allocation).\n\n   kernel BUG at arch/x86/mm/physaddr.c:28 !\n  Oops: invalid opcode: 0000 [#1] SMP KASAN NOPTI\n  CPU: 30 UID: 0 PID: 28580 Comm: syz.2.18 Kdump: loaded\n  Tainted: G        W           6.18.16-smp-DEV #1 NONE\n  Tainted: [W]=WARN\n  Hardware name: Google, Inc. Arcadia_IT_80/Arcadia_IT_80, BIOS 12.62.0-0 11/19/2025\n   RIP: 0010:__phys_addr+0x16a/0x180 arch/x86/mm/physaddr.c:28\n  RSP: 0018:ffffc9008329fc80 EFLAGS: 00010293\n  RAX: ffffffff8179110a RBX: 0000778000000010 RCX: ffff8884e6992600\n  RDX: 0000000000000000 RSI: 0000000080000010 RDI: 0000778000000010\n  RBP: ffffc9008329fdf0 R08: 0000000000000dc0 R09: 00000000ffffffff\n  R10: dffffc0000000000 R11: fffffbfff126d297 R12: dffffc0000000000\n  R13: 1ffff92010653fc8 R14: 0000000080000010 R15: dffffc0000000000\n  FS:  0000555556bec9c0(0000) GS:ffff88aa4ce1c000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000\n  CS:  0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033\n  CR2: 00007fd3159e7000 CR3: 00000004fbc44000 CR4: 0000000000350ef0\n  Call Trace:\n   <TASK>\n    [<ffffffff853d3869>] sev_ioctl_do_pdh_export+0x559/0x7a0 drivers/crypto/ccp/sev-dev.c:2308\n    [<ffffffff853d1fdd>] sev_ioctl+0x2cd/0x480 drivers/crypto/ccp/sev-dev.c:2556\n    [<ffffffff82549ebc>] vfs_ioctl fs/ioctl.c:52 [inline]\n    [<ffffffff82549ebc>] __do_sys_ioctl fs/ioctl.c:598 [inline]\n    [<ffffffff82549ebc>] __se_sys_ioctl+0xfc/0x170 fs/ioctl.c:584\n    [<ffffffff8630115f>] do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:64 [inline]\n    [<ffffffff8630115f>] do_syscall_64+0x9f/0xf40 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:98\n   [<ffffffff81000136>] entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x76/0x7e\n  RIP: 0033:0x7fd3158eac39\n   </TASK>\n\nThankfully, the bug is benign outside of CONFIG_DEBUG_VIRTUAL=y as getting\nthe physical address is just arithmetic, and the PSP errors out before\ntrying to write to the garbage address (which it must, otherwise querying\nthe blob lengths would clobber memory at pfn=0).","Type":"Description","Title":"crypto: ccp - Treat zero-length cert chain as query for blob len"}]}}}