{"api_version":"1","generated_at":"2026-09-19T09:07:25+00:00","cve":"CVE-2026-88255","urls":{"html":"https://cve.report/CVE-2026-88255","api":"https://cve.report/api/cve/CVE-2026-88255.json","docs":"https://cve.report/api","cve_org":"https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-88255","nvd":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-88255"},"summary":{"title":"mpp Tempo keys its pre-broadcast dedup reserve on the caller-supplied transaction encoding, so a re-encoded signed transaction reserves a second slot","description":"Improper Validation of Unsafe Equivalence in Input in ZenHive mpp allows an unauthenticated remote client to pass the Tempo duplicate-submission gate twice with one signed transaction.\n\nMPP.Methods.Tempo reserves the pre-broadcast dedup slot on the caller-supplied hex in reserve_hash_atomic/2, keyed through store_key/1 on tx.raw rather than on a canonical form of the transaction. The deserializer stores the caller's hex verbatim and accepts both recovery-id encodings, so one signed transaction submitted once with v=27 and once with v=0 yields two distinct reserve keys, and both pass the reserve and reach the broadcast path. The plug-level credential replay store is deliberately carved out for tempo in lib/mpp/replay.ex, leaving this reserve as the only gate, and the post-broadcast mark writes the canonical hash key that the raw-keyed reserve never reads.\n\nWhat the duplicate submission yields depends on the node: a nonce-reuse rejection fails closed, while a node that answers with the canonical hash for an already-known transaction returns a second valid Payment-Receipt for a single on-chain payment.\n\nThis issue affects mpp: from 0.2.0 before 0.16.2.","state":"PUBLISHED","assigner":"EEF","published_at":"2026-09-16 09:17:07","updated_at":"2026-09-16 20:38:33"},"problem_types":["CWE-1289","CWE-1289 CWE-1289 Improper Validation of Unsafe Equivalence in 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Program record","refsource":"CVE.ORG","tags":["canonical"]},{"url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-88255","name":"NVD vulnerability detail","refsource":"NVD","tags":["canonical","analysis"]}],"affected":[{"source":"CNA","vendor":"ZenHive","product":"mpp","version":"affected 0.2.0 0.16.2 semver","platforms":[]},{"source":"CNA","vendor":"ZenHive","product":"mpp","version":"affected f8904666061fbab695874856d8fcd02c471dfe1b e12bd4a1cea2e97c2a01fc059c48e5594a7b4a43 git","platforms":[]}],"timeline":[],"solutions":[],"workarounds":[],"exploits":[],"credits":[{"source":"CNA","value":"E.FU","lang":"en"},{"source":"CNA","value":"E.FU","lang":"en"},{"source":"CNA","value":"Jonatan Männchen / EEF","lang":"en"}],"nvd_cpes":[],"vendor_comments":[],"enrichments":{"kev":null,"epss":{"cve_year":"2026","cve_id":"88255","cve":"CVE-2026-88255","epss":"0.003940000","percentile":"0.331460000","score_date":"2026-09-16","updated_at":"2026-09-17 00:07:15"},"legacy_qids":[]},"source_records":{"cve_program":{"containers":{"adp":[{"metrics":[{"other":{"content":{"id":"CVE-2026-88255","options":[{"Exploitation":"none"},{"Automatable":"no"},{"Technical Impact":"partial"}],"role":"CISA Coordinator","timestamp":"2026-09-16T14:49:50.266563Z","version":"2.0.3"},"type":"ssvc"}}],"providerMetadata":{"dateUpdated":"2026-09-16T14:49:57.782Z","orgId":"134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0","shortName":"CISA-ADP"},"title":"CISA ADP Vulnrichment"}],"cna":{"affected":[{"collectionURL":"https://repo.hex.pm","cpes":["cpe:2.3:a:ZenHive:mpp:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*"],"defaultStatus":"unaffected","modules":["'Elixir.MPP.Methods.Tempo'"],"packageName":"mpp","packageURL":"pkg:hex/mpp","product":"mpp","programFiles":["lib/mpp/methods/tempo.ex"],"programRoutines":[{"name":"'Elixir.MPP.Methods.Tempo':verify/2"}],"repo":"https://github.com/ZenHive/mpp","vendor":"ZenHive","versions":[{"lessThan":"0.16.2","status":"affected","version":"0.2.0","versionType":"semver"}]},{"collectionURL":"https://github.com","cpes":["cpe:2.3:a:ZenHive:mpp:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*"],"defaultStatus":"unaffected","modules":["'Elixir.MPP.Methods.Tempo'"],"packageName":"zenhive/mpp","packageURL":"pkg:github/zenhive/mpp","product":"mpp","programFiles":["lib/mpp/methods/tempo.ex"],"programRoutines":[{"name":"'Elixir.MPP.Methods.Tempo':verify/2"}],"repo":"https://github.com/ZenHive/mpp","vendor":"ZenHive","versions":[{"lessThan":"e12bd4a1cea2e97c2a01fc059c48e5594a7b4a43","status":"affected","version":"f8904666061fbab695874856d8fcd02c471dfe1b","versionType":"git"}]}],"configurations":[{"lang":"en","supportingMedia":[{"base64":false,"type":"text/html","value":"<p>Reachable when <code>MPP.Methods.Tempo</code> broadcasts a <code>type=\"transaction\"</code> credential with a dedup store in place. From mpp 0.7.0 the dedup store is on by default (the app-started <code>MPP.Tempo.ConCacheStore</code>; opt out with <code>store: false</code>), so every default Tempo deployment from 0.7.0 before 0.16.2 is affected. Before 0.7.0 the default store was <code>nil</code>, which runs the library statelessly and provides no application-level replay protection at all, a documented property rather than part of this issue; those versions are affected only where a <code>\"store\"</code> was configured explicitly in <code>method_config</code>.</p>"},{"base64":false,"type":"text/markdown","value":"Reachable when `MPP.Methods.Tempo` broadcasts a `type=\"transaction\"` credential with a dedup store in place. From mpp 0.7.0 the dedup store is on by default (the app-started `MPP.Tempo.ConCacheStore`; opt out with `store: false`), so every default Tempo deployment from 0.7.0 before 0.16.2 is affected. Before 0.7.0 the default store was `nil`, which runs the library statelessly and provides no application-level replay protection at all, a documented property rather than part of this issue; those versions are affected only where a `\"store\"` was configured explicitly in `method_config`."}],"value":"Reachable when MPP.Methods.Tempo broadcasts a type=\"transaction\" credential with a dedup store in place. From mpp 0.7.0 the dedup store is on by default (the app-started MPP.Tempo.ConCacheStore; opt out with store: false), so every default Tempo deployment from 0.7.0 before 0.16.2 is affected. Before 0.7.0 the default store was nil, which runs the library statelessly and provides no application-level replay protection at all, a documented property rather than part of this issue; those versions are affected only where a \"store\" was configured explicitly in method_config."}],"cpeApplicability":[{"nodes":[{"cpeMatch":[{"criteria":"cpe:2.3:a:ZenHive:mpp:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","versionEndExcluding":"0.16.2","versionStartIncluding":"0.2.0","vulnerable":true}],"negate":false,"operator":"OR"}],"operator":"AND"}],"credits":[{"lang":"en","type":"finder","value":"E.FU"},{"lang":"en","type":"remediation developer","value":"E.FU"},{"lang":"en","type":"coordinator","value":"Jonatan Männchen / EEF"}],"dateAssigned":"2026-09-15T15:20:56.000Z","descriptions":[{"lang":"en","supportingMedia":[{"base64":false,"type":"text/html","value":"<p>Improper Validation of Unsafe Equivalence in Input in ZenHive mpp allows an unauthenticated remote client to pass the Tempo duplicate-submission gate twice with one signed transaction.</p>\n<p><code>MPP.Methods.Tempo</code> reserves the pre-broadcast dedup slot on the caller-supplied hex in <code>reserve_hash_atomic/2</code>, keyed through <code>store_key/1</code> on <code>tx.raw</code> rather than on a canonical form of the transaction. The deserializer stores the caller's hex verbatim and accepts both recovery-id encodings, so one signed transaction submitted once with <code>v=27</code> and once with <code>v=0</code> yields two distinct reserve keys, and both pass the reserve and reach the broadcast path. The plug-level credential replay store is deliberately carved out for <code>tempo</code> in <code>lib/mpp/replay.ex</code>, leaving this reserve as the only gate, and the post-broadcast mark writes the canonical hash key that the raw-keyed reserve never reads.</p>\n<p>What the duplicate submission yields depends on the node: a nonce-reuse rejection fails closed, while a node that answers with the canonical hash for an already-known transaction returns a second valid <code>Payment-Receipt</code> for a single on-chain payment.</p>\n<p>This issue affects mpp: from 0.2.0 before 0.16.2.</p>"},{"base64":false,"type":"text/markdown","value":"Improper Validation of Unsafe Equivalence in Input in ZenHive mpp allows an unauthenticated remote client to pass the Tempo duplicate-submission gate twice with one signed transaction.\n\n`MPP.Methods.Tempo` reserves the pre-broadcast dedup slot on the caller-supplied hex in `reserve_hash_atomic/2`, keyed through `store_key/1` on `tx.raw` rather than on a canonical form of the transaction. The deserializer stores the caller's hex verbatim and accepts both recovery-id encodings, so one signed transaction submitted once with `v=27` and once with `v=0` yields two distinct reserve keys, and both pass the reserve and reach the broadcast path. The plug-level credential replay store is deliberately carved out for `tempo` in `lib/mpp/replay.ex`, leaving this reserve as the only gate, and the post-broadcast mark writes the canonical hash key that the raw-keyed reserve never reads.\n\nWhat the duplicate submission yields depends on the node: a nonce-reuse rejection fails closed, while a node that answers with the canonical hash for an already-known transaction returns a second valid `Payment-Receipt` for a single on-chain payment.\n\nThis issue affects mpp: from 0.2.0 before 0.16.2."}],"value":"Improper Validation of Unsafe Equivalence in Input in ZenHive mpp allows an unauthenticated remote client to pass the Tempo duplicate-submission gate twice with one signed transaction.\n\nMPP.Methods.Tempo reserves the pre-broadcast dedup slot on the caller-supplied hex in reserve_hash_atomic/2, keyed through store_key/1 on tx.raw rather than on a canonical form of the transaction. The deserializer stores the caller's hex verbatim and accepts both recovery-id encodings, so one signed transaction submitted once with v=27 and once with v=0 yields two distinct reserve keys, and both pass the reserve and reach the broadcast path. The plug-level credential replay store is deliberately carved out for tempo in lib/mpp/replay.ex, leaving this reserve as the only gate, and the post-broadcast mark writes the canonical hash key that the raw-keyed reserve never reads.\n\nWhat the duplicate submission yields depends on the node: a nonce-reuse rejection fails closed, while a node that answers with the canonical hash for an already-known transaction returns a second valid Payment-Receipt for a single on-chain payment.\n\nThis issue affects mpp: from 0.2.0 before 0.16.2."}],"impacts":[{"capecId":"CAPEC-267","descriptions":[{"lang":"en","supportingMedia":[{"base64":false,"type":"text/html","value":"<p>A client re-encodes the recovery id of a transaction it has already submitted and presents it again. The duplicate passes the only duplicate-submission gate the Tempo method has, and against a node that answers with the canonical hash for an already-known transaction the client is issued a second <code>Payment-Receipt</code> for one on-chain payment.</p>"},{"base64":false,"type":"text/markdown","value":"A client re-encodes the recovery id of a transaction it has already submitted and presents it again. The duplicate passes the only duplicate-submission gate the Tempo method has, and against a node that answers with the canonical hash for an already-known transaction the client is issued a second `Payment-Receipt` for one on-chain payment."}],"value":"A client re-encodes the recovery id of a transaction it has already submitted and presents it again. The duplicate passes the only duplicate-submission gate the Tempo method has, and against a node that answers with the canonical hash for an already-known transaction the client is issued a second Payment-Receipt for one on-chain payment."}]}],"metrics":[{"cvssV4_0":{"Automatable":"NOT_DEFINED","Recovery":"NOT_DEFINED","Safety":"NOT_DEFINED","attackComplexity":"LOW","attackRequirements":"PRESENT","attackVector":"NETWORK","baseScore":6.3,"baseSeverity":"MEDIUM","privilegesRequired":"NONE","providerUrgency":"NOT_DEFINED","subAvailabilityImpact":"NONE","subConfidentialityImpact":"NONE","subIntegrityImpact":"NONE","userInteraction":"NONE","valueDensity":"NOT_DEFINED","vectorString":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N","version":"4.0","vulnAvailabilityImpact":"NONE","vulnConfidentialityImpact":"NONE","vulnIntegrityImpact":"LOW","vulnerabilityResponseEffort":"NOT_DEFINED"},"format":"CVSS","scenarios":[{"lang":"en","value":"GENERAL"}]}],"problemTypes":[{"descriptions":[{"cweId":"CWE-1289","description":"CWE-1289 Improper Validation of Unsafe Equivalence in 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The deserializer stores the caller's hex verbatim and accepts both recovery-id encodings, so one signed transaction submitted once with v=27 and once with v=0 yields two distinct reserve keys, and both pass the reserve and reach the broadcast path. The plug-level credential replay store is deliberately carved out for tempo in lib/mpp/replay.ex, leaving this reserve as the only gate, and the post-broadcast mark writes the canonical hash key that the raw-keyed reserve never reads.\n\nWhat the duplicate submission yields depends on the node: a nonce-reuse rejection fails closed, while a node that answers with the canonical hash for an already-known transaction returns a second valid Payment-Receipt for a single on-chain payment.\n\nThis issue affects mpp: from 0.2.0 before 0.16.2.","Type":"Description","Title":"mpp Tempo keys its pre-broadcast dedup reserve on the caller-sup"}]}}}