{"api_version":"1","generated_at":"2026-10-18T03:05:11+00:00","cve":"CVE-2026-89655","urls":{"html":"https://cve.report/CVE-2026-89655","api":"https://cve.report/api/cve/CVE-2026-89655.json","docs":"https://cve.report/api","cve_org":"https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-89655","nvd":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-89655"},"summary":{"title":"ceph: fix UAF in __kick_flushing_caps() on cf entry freed during unlock","description":"In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nceph: fix UAF in __kick_flushing_caps() on cf entry freed during unlock\n\nlist_for_each_entry() iterates ci->i_cap_flush_list but drops\ni_ceph_lock to send cap messages.  During the unlock window,\nhandle_cap_flush_ack() can acquire i_ceph_lock, detach cf entries\nwith tid <= flush_tid from the list, release i_ceph_lock, and free\nthem via ceph_free_cap_flush() outside any lock.  When the original\nthread reacquires i_ceph_lock and the for-loop macro advances via\ncf = list_next_entry(cf, i_list), it dereferences cf->i_list.next\non freed memory.\n\nThe race timeline:\n\n  __kick_flushing_caps()              handle_cap_flush_ack()\n  -----------------------             -----------------------\n  holds i_ceph_lock        <---\n  iterates to cf (tid=10)\n  prepares FLUSH message\n  drops i_ceph_lock        <---\n  __send_cap() ── FLUSH(tid=10)\n\t                              MDS sends FLUSH_ACK(tid=10)\n                           --->       acquires i_ceph_lock\n                                      cf->tid(10) <= flush_tid(10),\n                                      detaches cf from i_cap_flush_list\n                                      drops i_ceph_lock\n                                      ceph_free_cap_flush(cf) <- frees it!\n  acquires i_ceph_lock     <---\n  for-loop advances:\n    cf = list_next_entry(cf, i_list)\n      -- UAF on freed cf->i_list.next\n\nThe cf was just sent by __kick_flushing_caps itself via __send_cap().\nThe MDS may respond with FLUSH_ACK quickly enough that\nhandle_cap_flush_ack() frees cf before __kick_flushing_caps can\nfinish the iteration.\n\nFix by converting to a manual while loop: save the next pointer\nunder i_ceph_lock before dropping it, then use the saved pointer\nafter reacquiring, so the potentially-freed cf is never accessed again.","state":"PUBLISHED","assigner":"Linux","published_at":"2026-09-11 20:19:51","updated_at":"2026-10-16 20:18:24"},"problem_types":[],"metrics":[{"version":"3.1","source":"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67","type":"Secondary","score":"9.8","severity":"CRITICAL","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","data":{"version":"3.1","vectorString":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","baseScore":9.8,"baseSeverity":"CRITICAL","attackVector":"NETWORK","attackComplexity":"LOW","privilegesRequired":"NONE","userInteraction":"NONE","scope":"UNCHANGED","confidentialityImpact":"HIGH","integrityImpact":"HIGH","availabilityImpact":"HIGH"}},{"version":"3.1","source":"CNA","type":"DECLARED","score":"9.8","severity":"CRITICAL","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","data":{"baseScore":9.8,"baseSeverity":"CRITICAL","vectorString":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","version":"3.1"}}],"references":[{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/2701431aa3cc8b23efe6890182e7b04f5e76fab5","name":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/2701431aa3cc8b23efe6890182e7b04f5e76fab5","refsource":"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67","tags":[],"title":"","mime":"","httpstatus":"","archivestatus":"0"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/7af4c4f01305b0935adf6d4301b1ec407025485d","name":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/7af4c4f01305b0935adf6d4301b1ec407025485d","refsource":"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67","tags":[],"title":"","mime":"","httpstatus":"","archivestatus":"0"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/091137821e1fc88f37e15201abf055c9494ddc61","name":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/091137821e1fc88f37e15201abf055c9494ddc61","refsource":"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67","tags":[],"title":"","mime":"","httpstatus":"","archivestatus":"0"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/fe46746087b5b9c5bb2d022df6c7819218494ced","name":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/fe46746087b5b9c5bb2d022df6c7819218494ced","refsource":"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67","tags":[],"title":"","mime":"","httpstatus":"","archivestatus":"0"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/19f16f04c2b014a7dd214dc1e42557d8530b16f3","name":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/19f16f04c2b014a7dd214dc1e42557d8530b16f3","refsource":"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67","tags":[],"title":"","mime":"","httpstatus":"","archivestatus":"0"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/23eb34a53a53cb1a6dab1eeee830633207ac158d","name":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/23eb34a53a53cb1a6dab1eeee830633207ac158d","refsource":"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67","tags":[],"title":"","mime":"","httpstatus":"","archivestatus":"0"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/2dba24dcd5050be4b7b119e6f0b01f62203b5d26","name":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/2dba24dcd5050be4b7b119e6f0b01f62203b5d26","refsource":"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67","tags":[],"title":"","mime":"","httpstatus":"","archivestatus":"0"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/01542430081014d80fc9e70e92d6647432ddb7fc","name":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/01542430081014d80fc9e70e92d6647432ddb7fc","refsource":"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67","tags":[],"title":"","mime":"","httpstatus":"","archivestatus":"0"},{"url":"https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-89655","name":"CVE Program record","refsource":"CVE.ORG","tags":["canonical"]},{"url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-89655","name":"NVD vulnerability detail","refsource":"NVD","tags":["canonical","analysis"]}],"affected":[{"source":"CNA","vendor":"Linux","product":"Linux","version":"affected e4500b5e35c213e0f97be7cb69328c0877203a79 091137821e1fc88f37e15201abf055c9494ddc61 git","platforms":[]},{"source":"CNA","vendor":"Linux","product":"Linux","version":"affected e4500b5e35c213e0f97be7cb69328c0877203a79 01542430081014d80fc9e70e92d6647432ddb7fc git","platforms":[]},{"source":"CNA","vendor":"Linux","product":"Linux","version":"affected e4500b5e35c213e0f97be7cb69328c0877203a79 23eb34a53a53cb1a6dab1eeee830633207ac158d git","platforms":[]},{"source":"CNA","vendor":"Linux","product":"Linux","version":"affected e4500b5e35c213e0f97be7cb69328c0877203a79 19f16f04c2b014a7dd214dc1e42557d8530b16f3 git","platforms":[]},{"source":"CNA","vendor":"Linux","product":"Linux","version":"affected 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semver","platforms":[]},{"source":"CNA","vendor":"Linux","product":"Linux","version":"unaffected 5.15.221 5.15.* semver","platforms":[]},{"source":"CNA","vendor":"Linux","product":"Linux","version":"unaffected 6.1.188 6.1.* semver","platforms":[]},{"source":"CNA","vendor":"Linux","product":"Linux","version":"unaffected 6.6.157 6.6.* semver","platforms":[]},{"source":"CNA","vendor":"Linux","product":"Linux","version":"unaffected 6.12.109 6.12.* semver","platforms":[]},{"source":"CNA","vendor":"Linux","product":"Linux","version":"unaffected 6.18.50 6.18.* semver","platforms":[]},{"source":"CNA","vendor":"Linux","product":"Linux","version":"unaffected 7.2.4 7.2.* semver","platforms":[]},{"source":"CNA","vendor":"Linux","product":"Linux","version":"unaffected 7.3-rc1 * original_commit_for_fix","platforms":[]}],"timeline":[],"solutions":[],"workarounds":[],"exploits":[],"credits":[],"nvd_cpes":[],"vendor_comments":[],"enrichments":{"kev":null,"epss":{"cve_year":"2026","cve_id":"89655","cve":"CVE-2026-89655","epss":"0.007140000","percentile":"0.527350000","score_date":"2026-10-16","updated_at":"2026-10-17 00:14:15"},"legacy_qids":[]},"source_records":{"cve_program":{"containers":{"adp":[{"metrics":[{"other":{"content":{"id":"CVE-2026-89655","options":[{"Exploitation":"none"},{"Automatable":"yes"},{"Technical Impact":"total"}],"role":"CISA Coordinator","timestamp":"2026-10-16T19:25:27.776156Z","version":"2.0.3"},"type":"ssvc"}}],"providerMetadata":{"dateUpdated":"2026-10-16T19:26:47.285Z","orgId":"134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0","shortName":"CISA-ADP"},"title":"CISA ADP Vulnrichment"}],"cna":{"affected":[{"defaultStatus":"unaffected","product":"Linux","programFiles":["fs/ceph/caps.c"],"repo":"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git","vendor":"Linux","versions":[{"lessThan":"091137821e1fc88f37e15201abf055c9494ddc61","status":"affected","version":"e4500b5e35c213e0f97be7cb69328c0877203a79","versionType":"git"},{"lessThan":"01542430081014d80fc9e70e92d6647432ddb7fc","status":"affected","version":"e4500b5e35c213e0f97be7cb69328c0877203a79","versionType":"git"},{"lessThan":"23eb34a53a53cb1a6dab1eeee830633207ac158d","status":"affected","version":"e4500b5e35c213e0f97be7cb69328c0877203a79","versionType":"git"},{"lessThan":"19f16f04c2b014a7dd214dc1e42557d8530b16f3","status":"affected","version":"e4500b5e35c213e0f97be7cb69328c0877203a79","versionType":"git"},{"lessThan":"2701431aa3cc8b23efe6890182e7b04f5e76fab5","status":"affected","version":"e4500b5e35c213e0f97be7cb69328c0877203a79","versionType":"git"},{"lessThan":"fe46746087b5b9c5bb2d022df6c7819218494ced","status":"affected","version":"e4500b5e35c213e0f97be7cb69328c0877203a79","versionType":"git"},{"lessThan":"2dba24dcd5050be4b7b119e6f0b01f62203b5d26","status":"affected","version":"e4500b5e35c213e0f97be7cb69328c0877203a79","versionType":"git"},{"lessThan":"7af4c4f01305b0935adf6d4301b1ec407025485d","status":"affected","version":"e4500b5e35c213e0f97be7cb69328c0877203a79","versionType":"git"}]},{"defaultStatus":"affected","product":"Linux","programFiles":["fs/ceph/caps.c"],"repo":"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git","vendor":"Linux","versions":[{"status":"affected","version":"4.8"},{"lessThan":"4.8","status":"unaffected","version":"0","versionType":"semver"},{"lessThanOrEqual":"5.10.*","status":"unaffected","version":"5.10.270","versionType":"semver"},{"lessThanOrEqual":"5.15.*","status":"unaffected","version":"5.15.221","versionType":"semver"},{"lessThanOrEqual":"6.1.*","status":"unaffected","version":"6.1.188","versionType":"semver"},{"lessThanOrEqual":"6.6.*","status":"unaffected","version":"6.6.157","versionType":"semver"},{"lessThanOrEqual":"6.12.*","status":"unaffected","version":"6.12.109","versionType":"semver"},{"lessThanOrEqual":"6.18.*","status":"unaffected","version":"6.18.50","versionType":"semver"},{"lessThanOrEqual":"7.2.*","status":"unaffected","version":"7.2.4","versionType":"semver"},{"lessThanOrEqual":"*","status":"unaffected","version":"7.3-rc1","versionType":"original_commit_for_fix"}]}],"cpeApplicability":[{"nodes":[{"cpeMatch":[{"criteria":"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","versionEndExcluding":"5.10.270","versionStartIncluding":"4.8","vulnerable":true},{"criteria":"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","versionEndExcluding":"5.15.221","versionStartIncluding":"4.8","vulnerable":true},{"criteria":"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","versionEndExcluding":"6.1.188","versionStartIncluding":"4.8","vulnerable":true},{"criteria":"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","versionEndExcluding":"6.6.157","versionStartIncluding":"4.8","vulnerable":true},{"criteria":"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","versionEndExcluding":"6.12.109","versionStartIncluding":"4.8","vulnerable":true},{"criteria":"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","versionEndExcluding":"6.18.50","versionStartIncluding":"4.8","vulnerable":true},{"criteria":"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","versionEndExcluding":"7.2.4","versionStartIncluding":"4.8","vulnerable":true},{"criteria":"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","versionEndExcluding":"7.3-rc1","versionStartIncluding":"4.8","vulnerable":true}],"negate":false,"operator":"OR"}]}],"descriptions":[{"lang":"en","value":"In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nceph: fix UAF in __kick_flushing_caps() on cf entry freed during unlock\n\nlist_for_each_entry() iterates ci->i_cap_flush_list but drops\ni_ceph_lock to send cap messages.  During the unlock window,\nhandle_cap_flush_ack() can acquire i_ceph_lock, detach cf entries\nwith tid <= flush_tid from the list, release i_ceph_lock, and free\nthem via ceph_free_cap_flush() outside any lock.  When the original\nthread reacquires i_ceph_lock and the for-loop macro advances via\ncf = list_next_entry(cf, i_list), it dereferences cf->i_list.next\non freed memory.\n\nThe race timeline:\n\n  __kick_flushing_caps()              handle_cap_flush_ack()\n  -----------------------             -----------------------\n  holds i_ceph_lock        <---\n  iterates to cf (tid=10)\n  prepares FLUSH message\n  drops i_ceph_lock        <---\n  __send_cap() ── FLUSH(tid=10)\n\t                              MDS sends FLUSH_ACK(tid=10)\n                           --->       acquires i_ceph_lock\n                                      cf->tid(10) <= flush_tid(10),\n                                      detaches cf from i_cap_flush_list\n                                      drops i_ceph_lock\n                                      ceph_free_cap_flush(cf) <- frees it!\n  acquires i_ceph_lock     <---\n  for-loop advances:\n    cf = list_next_entry(cf, i_list)\n      -- UAF on freed cf->i_list.next\n\nThe cf was just sent by __kick_flushing_caps itself via __send_cap().\nThe MDS may respond with FLUSH_ACK quickly enough that\nhandle_cap_flush_ack() frees cf before __kick_flushing_caps can\nfinish the iteration.\n\nFix by converting to a manual while loop: save the next pointer\nunder i_ceph_lock before dropping it, then use the saved pointer\nafter reacquiring, so the potentially-freed cf is never accessed again."}],"metrics":[{"cvssV3_1":{"baseScore":9.8,"baseSeverity":"CRITICAL","vectorString":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","version":"3.1"},"scenarios":[{"lang":"en","value":"AV:N - handle_cap_flush_ack() runs in the ceph-msgr kworker on CEPH_MSG_CLIENT_CAPS FLUSH_ACK from the MDS over TCP; a malicious or compromised MDS frees the ceph_cap_flush while __kick_flushing_caps() still holds that pointer after dropping i_ceph_lock to send FLUSH.\nAC:L - The MDS controls both sides of the race: it can induce kicking without s_mutex (reconnect sets CEPH_I_KICK_FLUSH, then delayed ceph_check_caps or revoke-queued writeback) and immediately send FLUSH_ACK for the known flush tid in the unlock window around __send_cap().\nPR:N - The attacker is the remote MDS peer on an already-connected kernel CephFS client and needs no Linux UID, capability, or init-namespace root on the victim, matching other MDS-driven client CVEs such as CVE-2026-89651.\nUI:N - Once CephFS is mounted (standard in Rook/Kubernetes/OpenStack), cap-flush kicking runs from mdsc delayed work and writeback, and FLUSH_ACK is processed automatically in kworker context with no further victim mount or interactive step at exploit time.\nS:U - The use-after-free is of a ceph_cap_flush object in the host kernel heap and stays inside the same kernel security authority; it does not cross a VM, IOMMU, or sandbox boundary.\nC:H - After ceph_free_cap_flush(), __kick_flushing_caps() does list_next_entry() on the freed cf; reclaiming the dedicated ceph_cap_flush slab with attacker-controlled objects yields a fake next pointer and arbitrary kernel read, scored High per UAF guidance.\nI:H - The iterator then treats the sprayed object as a live ceph_cap_flush (tid, caps, is_capsnap, i_list) and continues sending cap state from it, giving a heap-reuse write and control-flow hijack primitive scored High for use-after-free.\nA:H - Dereferencing freed cf->i_list.next oopses or panics the kicker thread even without full exploitation, and a malicious MDS can retrigger the race on every cap flush."}]}],"providerMetadata":{"dateUpdated":"2026-09-14T12:01:49.192Z","orgId":"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67","shortName":"Linux"},"references":[{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/091137821e1fc88f37e15201abf055c9494ddc61"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/01542430081014d80fc9e70e92d6647432ddb7fc"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/23eb34a53a53cb1a6dab1eeee830633207ac158d"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/19f16f04c2b014a7dd214dc1e42557d8530b16f3"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/2701431aa3cc8b23efe6890182e7b04f5e76fab5"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/fe46746087b5b9c5bb2d022df6c7819218494ced"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/2dba24dcd5050be4b7b119e6f0b01f62203b5d26"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/7af4c4f01305b0935adf6d4301b1ec407025485d"}],"title":"ceph: fix UAF in __kick_flushing_caps() on cf entry freed during unlock","x_generator":{"engine":"bippy-1.2.0"}}},"cveMetadata":{"assignerOrgId":"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67","assignerShortName":"Linux","cveId":"CVE-2026-89655","datePublished":"2026-09-11T19:45:44.841Z","dateReserved":"2026-09-11T19:38:34.743Z","dateUpdated":"2026-10-16T19:26:47.285Z","state":"PUBLISHED"},"dataType":"CVE_RECORD","dataVersion":"5.2"},"nvd":{"publishedDate":"2026-09-11 20:19:51","lastModifiedDate":"2026-10-16 20:18:24","problem_types":[],"metrics":{"cvssMetricV31":[{"source":"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67","type":"Secondary","cvssData":{"version":"3.1","vectorString":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","baseScore":9.8,"baseSeverity":"CRITICAL","attackVector":"NETWORK","attackComplexity":"LOW","privilegesRequired":"NONE","userInteraction":"NONE","scope":"UNCHANGED","confidentialityImpact":"HIGH","integrityImpact":"HIGH","availabilityImpact":"HIGH"},"exploitabilityScore":3.9,"impactScore":5.9}],"ssvcV203":[{"source":"134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0","ssvcData":{"timestamp":"2026-10-16T19:25:27.776156Z","id":"CVE-2026-89655","options":[{"exploitation":"none"},{"automatable":"yes"},{"technicalImpact":"total"}],"role":"CISA Coordinator","version":"2.0.3"}}]},"configurations":[]},"legacy_mitre":{"record":{"CveYear":"2026","CveId":"89655","Ordinal":"1","Title":"ceph: fix UAF in __kick_flushing_caps() on cf entry freed during","CVE":"CVE-2026-89655","Year":"2026"},"notes":[{"CveYear":"2026","CveId":"89655","Ordinal":"1","NoteData":"In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nceph: fix UAF in __kick_flushing_caps() on cf entry freed during unlock\n\nlist_for_each_entry() iterates ci->i_cap_flush_list but drops\ni_ceph_lock to send cap messages.  During the unlock window,\nhandle_cap_flush_ack() can acquire i_ceph_lock, detach cf entries\nwith tid <= flush_tid from the list, release i_ceph_lock, and free\nthem via ceph_free_cap_flush() outside any lock.  When the original\nthread reacquires i_ceph_lock and the for-loop macro advances via\ncf = list_next_entry(cf, i_list), it dereferences cf->i_list.next\non freed memory.\n\nThe race timeline:\n\n  __kick_flushing_caps()              handle_cap_flush_ack()\n  -----------------------             -----------------------\n  holds i_ceph_lock        <---\n  iterates to cf (tid=10)\n  prepares FLUSH message\n  drops i_ceph_lock        <---\n  __send_cap() ── FLUSH(tid=10)\n\t                              MDS sends FLUSH_ACK(tid=10)\n                           --->       acquires i_ceph_lock\n                                      cf->tid(10) <= flush_tid(10),\n                                      detaches cf from i_cap_flush_list\n                                      drops i_ceph_lock\n                                      ceph_free_cap_flush(cf) <- frees it!\n  acquires i_ceph_lock     <---\n  for-loop advances:\n    cf = list_next_entry(cf, i_list)\n      -- UAF on freed cf->i_list.next\n\nThe cf was just sent by __kick_flushing_caps itself via __send_cap().\nThe MDS may respond with FLUSH_ACK quickly enough that\nhandle_cap_flush_ack() frees cf before __kick_flushing_caps can\nfinish the iteration.\n\nFix by converting to a manual while loop: save the next pointer\nunder i_ceph_lock before dropping it, then use the saved pointer\nafter reacquiring, so the potentially-freed cf is never accessed again.","Type":"Description","Title":"ceph: fix UAF in __kick_flushing_caps() on cf entry freed during"}]}}}