{"api_version":"1","generated_at":"2026-10-01T12:49:25+00:00","cve":"CVE-2026-91006","urls":{"html":"https://cve.report/CVE-2026-91006","api":"https://cve.report/api/cve/CVE-2026-91006.json","docs":"https://cve.report/api","cve_org":"https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-91006","nvd":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-91006"},"summary":{"title":"Apache Karaf: OS Command Injection in Child-Instance Launch (instance:* / InstancesMBean)","description":"Apache Karaf's instance-management service (InstanceServiceImpl) builds the command line used to launch a child Karaf JVM by string concatenation, then executes it through /bin/sh (Unix) or cscript (Windows). The caller-supplied javaOpts value is spliced into that string unquoted. A javaOpts value containing shell metacharacters (;, |, `, $(...)) is interpreted by the shell instead of being passed to the JVM as an option, giving arbitrary OS command execution as the Karaf process user.\n\n\nReachable via the shell commands instance:create, instance:start, instance:restart, instance:change-opts, and the equivalent InstanceMBean JMX operations (createInstance, startInstance, changeJavaOpts, cloneInstance).\n\nMitigation   *  Set karaf.secured.command.compulsory.roles=admin in etc/system.properties to close the fail-open gap for all unconfigured command scopes.\n  *  Restrict which principals can reach instance:* commands and InstancesMBean via etc/users.properties role assignments.\n  *  Treat javaOpts passed to instance:create/instance:start/instance:change-opts/InstancesMBean as untrusted input only from fully-trusted operators.","state":"PUBLISHED","assigner":"apache","published_at":"2026-09-28 11:16:48","updated_at":"2026-09-29 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Program record","refsource":"CVE.ORG","tags":["canonical"]},{"url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-91006","name":"NVD vulnerability detail","refsource":"NVD","tags":["canonical","analysis"]}],"affected":[{"source":"CNA","vendor":"Apache Software Foundation","product":"Apache Karaf","version":"affected 4.4.12 semver","platforms":[]}],"timeline":[],"solutions":[],"workarounds":[],"exploits":[],"credits":[{"source":"CNA","value":"n0mi1k <nomilksec@gmail.com>","lang":"en"}],"nvd_cpes":[],"vendor_comments":[],"enrichments":{"kev":null,"epss":{"cve_year":"2026","cve_id":"91006","cve":"CVE-2026-91006","epss":"0.004010000","percentile":"0.318130000","score_date":"2026-09-29","updated_at":"2026-09-30 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The caller-supplied&nbsp;<code>javaOpts</code>&nbsp;value is spliced into that string unquoted. A javaOpts value containing shell metacharacters (<code>;</code>,&nbsp;<code>|</code>,&nbsp;<code>`</code>,&nbsp;<code>$(...)</code>) is interpreted by the shell instead of being passed to the JVM as an option, giving arbitrary OS command execution as the Karaf process user.<div><br></div><div>Reachable via the shell commands&nbsp;<code>instance:create</code>,&nbsp;<code>instance:start</code>,&nbsp;<code>instance:restart</code>,&nbsp;<code>instance:change-opts</code>, and the equivalent&nbsp;<code>InstanceMBean</code>&nbsp;JMX operations (<code>createInstance</code>,&nbsp;<code>startInstance</code>,&nbsp;<code>changeJavaOpts</code>,&nbsp;<code>cloneInstance</code>).</div><h3>Mitigation&nbsp;</h3><div><ul><li>Set&nbsp;<code>karaf.secured.command.compulsory.roles=admin</code>&nbsp;in&nbsp;<code>etc/system.properties</code>&nbsp;to close the fail-open gap for all unconfigured command scopes.</li><li>Restrict which principals can reach&nbsp;<code>instance:*</code>&nbsp;commands and&nbsp;<code>InstancesMBean</code>&nbsp;via&nbsp;<code>etc/users.properties</code>&nbsp;role assignments.</li><li>Treat&nbsp;<code>javaOpts</code>&nbsp;passed to i<code>nstance:create</code>/<code>instance:start</code>/<code>instance:change-opts</code>/<code>InstancesMBean</code>&nbsp;as untrusted input only from fully-trusted operators.</li></ul></div><div><br></div>"}],"value":"Apache Karaf's instance-management service (InstanceServiceImpl) builds the command line used to launch a child Karaf JVM by string concatenation, then executes it through /bin/sh (Unix) or cscript (Windows). 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The caller-supplied javaOpts value is spliced into that string unquoted. A javaOpts value containing shell metacharacters (;, |, `, $(...)) is interpreted by the shell instead of being passed to the JVM as an option, giving arbitrary OS command execution as the Karaf process user.\n\n\nReachable via the shell commands instance:create, instance:start, instance:restart, instance:change-opts, and the equivalent InstanceMBean JMX operations (createInstance, startInstance, changeJavaOpts, cloneInstance).\n\nMitigation   *  Set karaf.secured.command.compulsory.roles=admin in etc/system.properties to close the fail-open gap for all unconfigured command scopes.\n  *  Restrict which principals can reach instance:* commands and InstancesMBean via etc/users.properties role assignments.\n  *  Treat javaOpts passed to instance:create/instance:start/instance:change-opts/InstancesMBean as untrusted input only from fully-trusted operators.","Type":"Description","Title":"Apache Karaf: OS Command Injection in Child-Instance Launch (ins"}]}}}