{"api_version":"1","generated_at":"2026-06-03T06:12:42+00:00","cve":"CVE-2026-9189","urls":{"html":"https://cve.report/CVE-2026-9189","api":"https://cve.report/api/cve/CVE-2026-9189.json","docs":"https://cve.report/api","cve_org":"https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-9189","nvd":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-9189"},"summary":{"title":"Contact Form 7 – PayPal & Stripe Add-on <= 2.4.9 - Unauthenticated Payment Bypass via Insufficient Verification of Data Authenticity via PayPal IPN Handler ('invoice'/'mc_gross' Verification)","description":"The Contact Form 7 – PayPal & Stripe Add-on plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Payment Bypass via Insufficient Verification of Data Authenticity in all versions up to, and including, 2.4.9. Although `cf7pp_paypal_ipn_handler()` correctly validates IPN authenticity by posting back to PayPal with `cmd=_notify-validate`, it fails to compare the IPN payload's `mc_gross` (payment amount), `mc_currency`, or `receiver_email` fields against the corresponding stored order values before passing the attacker-controlled `invoice` field directly to `cf7pp_complete_payment()`, which marks the order completed after only an integer cast with no amount verification. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to mark arbitrary high-value pending orders as fully paid by making a minimal real PayPal payment and crafting an IPN whose `invoice` parameter references the targeted order, effectively completing purchases without tendering the required payment amount.","state":"PUBLISHED","assigner":"Wordfence","published_at":"2026-05-29 09:16:18","updated_at":"2026-05-29 13:09:05"},"problem_types":["CWE-345","CWE-345 CWE-345 Insufficient Verification of Data Authenticity"],"metrics":[{"version":"3.1","source":"security@wordfence.com","type":"Primary","score":"5.3","severity":"MEDIUM","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N","data":{"version":"3.1","vectorString":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N","baseScore":5.3,"baseSeverity":"MEDIUM","attackVector":"NETWORK","attackComplexity":"LOW","privilegesRequired":"NONE","userInteraction":"NONE","scope":"UNCHANGED","confidentialityImpact":"NONE","integrityImpact":"LOW","availabilityImpact":"NONE"}},{"version":"3.1","source":"CNA","type":"DECLARED","score":"5.3","severity":"MEDIUM","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N","data":{"baseScore":5.3,"baseSeverity":"MEDIUM","vectorString":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N","version":"3.1"}}],"references":[{"url":"https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/5e274781-1c20-4224-bc10-26dadb9b1e07?source=cve","name":"https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/5e274781-1c20-4224-bc10-26dadb9b1e07?source=cve","refsource":"security@wordfence.com","tags":[],"title":"","mime":"","httpstatus":"","archivestatus":"0"},{"url":"https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/contact-form-7-paypal-add-on/tags/2.4.6/includes/payments/paypal_handler.php#L75","name":"https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/contact-form-7-paypal-add-on/tags/2.4.6/includes/payments/paypal_handler.php#L75","refsource":"security@wordfence.com","tags":[],"title":"","mime":"","httpstatus":"","archivestatus":"0"},{"url":"https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/contact-form-7-paypal-add-on/tags/2.4.6/includes/payments/paypal_handler.php#L106","name":"https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/contact-form-7-paypal-add-on/tags/2.4.6/includes/payments/paypal_handler.php#L106","refsource":"security@wordfence.com","tags":[],"title":"","mime":"","httpstatus":"","archivestatus":"0"},{"url":"https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/contact-form-7-paypal-add-on/tags/2.4.8/includes/payments/paypal_handler.php#L106","name":"https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/contact-form-7-paypal-add-on/tags/2.4.8/includes/payments/paypal_handler.php#L106","refsource":"security@wordfence.com","tags":[],"title":"","mime":"","httpstatus":"","archivestatus":"0"},{"url":"https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/contact-form-7-paypal-add-on/tags/2.4.8/includes/payments/paypal_handler.php#L75","name":"https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/contact-form-7-paypal-add-on/tags/2.4.8/includes/payments/paypal_handler.php#L75","refsource":"security@wordfence.com","tags":[],"title":"","mime":"","httpstatus":"","archivestatus":"0"},{"url":"https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/contact-form-7-paypal-add-on/tags/2.4.8/includes/payments/functions.php#L31","name":"https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/contact-form-7-paypal-add-on/tags/2.4.8/includes/payments/functions.php#L31","refsource":"security@wordfence.com","tags":[],"title":"","mime":"","httpstatus":"","archivestatus":"0"},{"url":"https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/contact-form-7-paypal-add-on/tags/2.4.6/includes/payments/functions.php#L31","name":"https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/contact-form-7-paypal-add-on/tags/2.4.6/includes/payments/functions.php#L31","refsource":"security@wordfence.com","tags":[],"title":"","mime":"","httpstatus":"","archivestatus":"0"},{"url":"https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset/3551197/contact-form-7-paypal-add-on","name":"https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset/3551197/contact-form-7-paypal-add-on","refsource":"security@wordfence.com","tags":[],"title":"","mime":"","httpstatus":"","archivestatus":"0"},{"url":"https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-9189","name":"CVE Program record","refsource":"CVE.ORG","tags":["canonical"]},{"url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-9189","name":"NVD vulnerability detail","refsource":"NVD","tags":["canonical","analysis"]}],"affected":[{"source":"CNA","vendor":"scottpaterson","product":"Contact Form 7 – PayPal & Stripe Add-on","version":"affected 2.4.9 semver","platforms":[]}],"timeline":[{"source":"CNA","time":"2026-05-21T15:22:09.000Z","lang":"en","value":"Vendor Notified"},{"source":"CNA","time":"2026-05-28T19:54:04.000Z","lang":"en","value":"Disclosed"}],"solutions":[],"workarounds":[],"exploits":[],"credits":[{"source":"CNA","value":"Muni Nitish Kumar Yaddala","lang":"en"}],"nvd_cpes":[],"vendor_comments":[],"enrichments":{"kev":null,"epss":{"cve_year":"2026","cve_id":"9189","cve":"CVE-2026-9189","epss":"0.000330000","percentile":"0.102300000","score_date":"2026-06-02","updated_at":"2026-06-03 00:08:17"},"legacy_qids":[]},"source_records":{"cve_program":{"containers":{"adp":[{"metrics":[{"other":{"content":{"id":"CVE-2026-9189","options":[{"Exploitation":"none"},{"Automatable":"yes"},{"Technical Impact":"partial"}],"role":"CISA Coordinator","timestamp":"2026-05-29T10:00:42.885449Z","version":"2.0.3"},"type":"ssvc"}}],"providerMetadata":{"dateUpdated":"2026-05-29T10:04:53.551Z","orgId":"134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0","shortName":"CISA-ADP"},"title":"CISA ADP Vulnrichment"}],"cna":{"affected":[{"defaultStatus":"unaffected","product":"Contact Form 7 – PayPal & Stripe Add-on","vendor":"scottpaterson","versions":[{"lessThanOrEqual":"2.4.9","status":"affected","version":"0","versionType":"semver"}]}],"credits":[{"lang":"en","type":"finder","value":"Muni Nitish Kumar Yaddala"}],"descriptions":[{"lang":"en","value":"The Contact Form 7 – PayPal & Stripe Add-on plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Payment Bypass via Insufficient Verification of Data Authenticity in all versions up to, and including, 2.4.9. Although `cf7pp_paypal_ipn_handler()` correctly validates IPN authenticity by posting back to PayPal with `cmd=_notify-validate`, it fails to compare the IPN payload's `mc_gross` (payment amount), `mc_currency`, or `receiver_email` fields against the corresponding stored order values before passing the attacker-controlled `invoice` field directly to `cf7pp_complete_payment()`, which marks the order completed after only an integer cast with no amount verification. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to mark arbitrary high-value pending orders as fully paid by making a minimal real PayPal payment and crafting an IPN whose `invoice` parameter references the targeted order, effectively completing purchases without tendering the required payment amount."}],"metrics":[{"cvssV3_1":{"baseScore":5.3,"baseSeverity":"MEDIUM","vectorString":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N","version":"3.1"}}],"problemTypes":[{"descriptions":[{"cweId":"CWE-345","description":"CWE-345 Insufficient Verification of Data Authenticity","lang":"en","type":"CWE"}]}],"providerMetadata":{"dateUpdated":"2026-05-29T08:28:24.446Z","orgId":"b15e7b5b-3da4-40ae-a43c-f7aa60e62599","shortName":"Wordfence"},"references":[{"url":"https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/5e274781-1c20-4224-bc10-26dadb9b1e07?source=cve"},{"url":"https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/contact-form-7-paypal-add-on/tags/2.4.8/includes/payments/paypal_handler.php#L106"},{"url":"https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/contact-form-7-paypal-add-on/tags/2.4.8/includes/payments/paypal_handler.php#L75"},{"url":"https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/contact-form-7-paypal-add-on/tags/2.4.8/includes/payments/functions.php#L31"},{"url":"https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/contact-form-7-paypal-add-on/tags/2.4.6/includes/payments/paypal_handler.php#L106"},{"url":"https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/contact-form-7-paypal-add-on/tags/2.4.6/includes/payments/paypal_handler.php#L75"},{"url":"https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/contact-form-7-paypal-add-on/tags/2.4.6/includes/payments/functions.php#L31"},{"url":"https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset/3551197/contact-form-7-paypal-add-on"}],"timeline":[{"lang":"en","time":"2026-05-21T15:22:09.000Z","value":"Vendor Notified"},{"lang":"en","time":"2026-05-28T19:54:04.000Z","value":"Disclosed"}],"title":"Contact Form 7 – PayPal & Stripe Add-on <= 2.4.9 - Unauthenticated Payment Bypass via Insufficient Verification of Data Authenticity via PayPal IPN Handler ('invoice'/'mc_gross' Verification)"}},"cveMetadata":{"assignerOrgId":"b15e7b5b-3da4-40ae-a43c-f7aa60e62599","assignerShortName":"Wordfence","cveId":"CVE-2026-9189","datePublished":"2026-05-29T08:28:24.446Z","dateReserved":"2026-05-21T15:06:53.761Z","dateUpdated":"2026-05-29T10:04:53.551Z","state":"PUBLISHED"},"dataType":"CVE_RECORD","dataVersion":"5.2"},"nvd":{"publishedDate":"2026-05-29 09:16:18","lastModifiedDate":"2026-05-29 13:09:05","problem_types":["CWE-345","CWE-345 CWE-345 Insufficient Verification of Data Authenticity"],"metrics":{"cvssMetricV31":[{"source":"security@wordfence.com","type":"Primary","cvssData":{"version":"3.1","vectorString":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N","baseScore":5.3,"baseSeverity":"MEDIUM","attackVector":"NETWORK","attackComplexity":"LOW","privilegesRequired":"NONE","userInteraction":"NONE","scope":"UNCHANGED","confidentialityImpact":"NONE","integrityImpact":"LOW","availabilityImpact":"NONE"},"exploitabilityScore":3.9,"impactScore":1.4}]},"configurations":[]},"legacy_mitre":{"record":{"CveYear":"2026","CveId":"9189","Ordinal":"1","Title":"Contact Form 7 – PayPal & Stripe Add-on <= 2.4.9 - Unauthenticat","CVE":"CVE-2026-9189","Year":"2026"},"notes":[{"CveYear":"2026","CveId":"9189","Ordinal":"1","NoteData":"The Contact Form 7 – PayPal & Stripe Add-on plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Payment Bypass via Insufficient Verification of Data Authenticity in all versions up to, and including, 2.4.9. Although `cf7pp_paypal_ipn_handler()` correctly validates IPN authenticity by posting back to PayPal with `cmd=_notify-validate`, it fails to compare the IPN payload's `mc_gross` (payment amount), `mc_currency`, or `receiver_email` fields against the corresponding stored order values before passing the attacker-controlled `invoice` field directly to `cf7pp_complete_payment()`, which marks the order completed after only an integer cast with no amount verification. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to mark arbitrary high-value pending orders as fully paid by making a minimal real PayPal payment and crafting an IPN whose `invoice` parameter references the targeted order, effectively completing purchases without tendering the required payment amount.","Type":"Description","Title":"Contact Form 7 – PayPal & Stripe Add-on <= 2.4.9 - Unauthenticat"}]}}}