{"api_version":"1","generated_at":"2026-10-02T21:36:53+00:00","cve":"CVE-2026-92489","urls":{"html":"https://cve.report/CVE-2026-92489","api":"https://cve.report/api/cve/CVE-2026-92489.json","docs":"https://cve.report/api","cve_org":"https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-92489","nvd":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-92489"},"summary":{"title":"xfrm: Fix skb double-free in xfrm_dev_direct_output()","description":"In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nxfrm: Fix skb double-free in xfrm_dev_direct_output()\n\nA return value other than 1 from local_out() means that the skb has been\nconsumed or its ownership was transferred. xfrm_dev_direct_output()\nnevertheless frees the skb on this path, causing a double-free when\nnetfilter drops the packet and invalidating any other owner.\n\nReturn the local_out() result directly, matching the ownership handling\nin xfrm_output_resume().","state":"PUBLISHED","assigner":"Linux","published_at":"2026-09-17 17:17:51","updated_at":"2026-09-18 18:18:13"},"problem_types":[],"metrics":[{"version":"3.1","source":"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67","type":"Secondary","score":"9.8","severity":"CRITICAL","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","data":{"version":"3.1","vectorString":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","baseScore":9.8,"baseSeverity":"CRITICAL","attackVector":"NETWORK","attackComplexity":"LOW","privilegesRequired":"NONE","userInteraction":"NONE","scope":"UNCHANGED","confidentialityImpact":"HIGH","integrityImpact":"HIGH","availabilityImpact":"HIGH"}},{"version":"3.1","source":"CNA","type":"DECLARED","score":"9.8","severity":"CRITICAL","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","data":{"baseScore":9.8,"baseSeverity":"CRITICAL","vectorString":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","version":"3.1"}}],"references":[{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/56a347950e661c1a7f8f31c43a2ea53c2323b6f4","name":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/56a347950e661c1a7f8f31c43a2ea53c2323b6f4","refsource":"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67","tags":[],"title":"","mime":"","httpstatus":"","archivestatus":"0"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/bc9297796bfdcc8d9609236e54519a4f38737aac","name":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/bc9297796bfdcc8d9609236e54519a4f38737aac","refsource":"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67","tags":[],"title":"","mime":"","httpstatus":"","archivestatus":"0"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/2aed51fc58d9ce450e2c116efb956160fd06fa02","name":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/2aed51fc58d9ce450e2c116efb956160fd06fa02","refsource":"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67","tags":[],"title":"","mime":"","httpstatus":"","archivestatus":"0"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/02deb637e965950148752a304dd1471212dd6470","name":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/02deb637e965950148752a304dd1471212dd6470","refsource":"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67","tags":[],"title":"","mime":"","httpstatus":"","archivestatus":"0"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/621871b696b108026bf4b44ed4085ffa2102f417","name":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/621871b696b108026bf4b44ed4085ffa2102f417","refsource":"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67","tags":[],"title":"","mime":"","httpstatus":"","archivestatus":"0"},{"url":"https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-92489","name":"CVE Program record","refsource":"CVE.ORG","tags":["canonical"]},{"url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-92489","name":"NVD vulnerability detail","refsource":"NVD","tags":["canonical","analysis"]}],"affected":[{"source":"CNA","vendor":"Linux","product":"Linux","version":"affected bfb9b9404a53a72524ce695551755117e9d3deb0 621871b696b108026bf4b44ed4085ffa2102f417 git","platforms":[]},{"source":"CNA","vendor":"Linux","product":"Linux","version":"affected a0395e96831adee8ffa016bf958e4dce9ece656e bc9297796bfdcc8d9609236e54519a4f38737aac git","platforms":[]},{"source":"CNA","vendor":"Linux","product":"Linux","version":"affected 5eddd76ec2fd1988f0a3450fde9730b10dd22992 02deb637e965950148752a304dd1471212dd6470 git","platforms":[]},{"source":"CNA","vendor":"Linux","product":"Linux","version":"affected 5eddd76ec2fd1988f0a3450fde9730b10dd22992 56a347950e661c1a7f8f31c43a2ea53c2323b6f4 git","platforms":[]},{"source":"CNA","vendor":"Linux","product":"Linux","version":"affected 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semver","platforms":[]},{"source":"CNA","vendor":"Linux","product":"Linux","version":"unaffected 6.18.52 6.18.* semver","platforms":[]},{"source":"CNA","vendor":"Linux","product":"Linux","version":"unaffected 7.2.6 7.2.* semver","platforms":[]},{"source":"CNA","vendor":"Linux","product":"Linux","version":"unaffected 7.3-rc1 * original_commit_for_fix","platforms":[]}],"timeline":[],"solutions":[],"workarounds":[],"exploits":[],"credits":[],"nvd_cpes":[],"vendor_comments":[],"enrichments":{"kev":null,"epss":{"cve_year":"2026","cve_id":"92489","cve":"CVE-2026-92489","epss":"0.004630000","percentile":"0.392520000","score_date":"2026-09-21","updated_at":"2026-09-22 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the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nxfrm: Fix skb double-free in xfrm_dev_direct_output()\n\nA return value other than 1 from local_out() means that the skb has been\nconsumed or its ownership was transferred. xfrm_dev_direct_output()\nnevertheless frees the skb on this path, causing a double-free when\nnetfilter drops the packet and invalidating any other owner.\n\nReturn the local_out() result directly, matching the ownership handling\nin xfrm_output_resume()."}],"metrics":[{"cvssV3_1":{"baseScore":9.8,"baseSeverity":"CRITICAL","vectorString":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","version":"3.1"},"scenarios":[{"lang":"en","value":"AV:N - A received IPv4/IPv6 packet that ip_forward()/ip6_forward() passes through xfrm4_route_forward()/xfrm6_route_forward() reaches xfrm4_output()/xfrm6_output() then xfrm_output(); for an XFRM_DEV_OFFLOAD_PACKET tunnel SA with skb->sk NULL, that forwarded inner IP packet is what xfrm_dev_direct_output() processes.\nAC:L - xfrm_dev_direct_output() calls nf_reset_ct() then dst->ops->local_out (__ip_local_out/__ip6_local_out), so NF_INET_LOCAL_OUT consumes the skb on DROP/QUEUE/STOLEN. The attacker owns the forwarded packet and can force that verdict (iptables/nft DROP, or nf_conntrack_in() NF_DROP when resolve_normal_ct() fails after flooding new 5-tuples); no race is required.\nPR:N - ip_forward() and ip6_forward() take the skb with no socket or credentials; XFRM matching is only the received packet's IP selectors, not an authenticated session. CAP_NET_ADMIN is needed on the victim to install the packet-offload SA, not for the attacker who sends the inner packet.\nUI:N - The attacker triggers the bug only by sending IP packets that an already-configured packet-offload tunnel gateway forwards into xfrm_dev_direct_output(); no victim mount, open, or confirmation is required at exploit time.\nS:U - The sk_buff double-free in xfrm_dev_direct_output() corrupts kernel heap in the same kernel that performs IPsec output and is not a KVM/Xen guest-to-host escape or an IOMMU/DMA boundary bypass.\nC:H - When local_out() returns != 1, nf_hook_slow() has already kfree_skb_reason()'d the skb on NF_DROP (or another owner holds it); the extra kfree_skb() in xfrm_dev_direct_output() is a sk_buff slab double-free that can be reclaimed with crafted packets to read kernel memory.\nI:H - The same sk_buff double-free after __ip_local_out()/__ip6_local_out() transfers ownership lets the attacker reallocate the freed object and obtain a kernel write and control-flow hijack primitive, not a crash-only integrity effect.\nA:H - The extra kfree_skb() in xfrm_dev_direct_output() when local_out() has already consumed the skb corrupts the sk_buff cache and causes a kernel oops or panic."}]}],"providerMetadata":{"dateUpdated":"2026-09-18T17:55:28.166Z","orgId":"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67","shortName":"Linux"},"references":[{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/621871b696b108026bf4b44ed4085ffa2102f417"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/bc9297796bfdcc8d9609236e54519a4f38737aac"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/02deb637e965950148752a304dd1471212dd6470"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/56a347950e661c1a7f8f31c43a2ea53c2323b6f4"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/2aed51fc58d9ce450e2c116efb956160fd06fa02"}],"title":"xfrm: Fix skb double-free in xfrm_dev_direct_output()","x_generator":{"engine":"bippy-1.2.0"}}},"cveMetadata":{"assignerOrgId":"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67","assignerShortName":"Linux","cveId":"CVE-2026-92489","datePublished":"2026-09-17T16:10:04.126Z","dateReserved":"2026-09-16T12:21:13.871Z","dateUpdated":"2026-09-18T17:55:28.166Z","state":"PUBLISHED"},"dataType":"CVE_RECORD","dataVersion":"5.2"},"nvd":{"publishedDate":"2026-09-17 17:17:51","lastModifiedDate":"2026-09-18 18:18:13","problem_types":[],"metrics":{"cvssMetricV31":[{"source":"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67","type":"Secondary","cvssData":{"version":"3.1","vectorString":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","baseScore":9.8,"baseSeverity":"CRITICAL","attackVector":"NETWORK","attackComplexity":"LOW","privilegesRequired":"NONE","userInteraction":"NONE","scope":"UNCHANGED","confidentialityImpact":"HIGH","integrityImpact":"HIGH","availabilityImpact":"HIGH"},"exploitabilityScore":3.9,"impactScore":5.9}]},"configurations":[]},"legacy_mitre":{"record":{"CveYear":"2026","CveId":"92489","Ordinal":"1","Title":"xfrm: Fix skb double-free in xfrm_dev_direct_output()","CVE":"CVE-2026-92489","Year":"2026"},"notes":[{"CveYear":"2026","CveId":"92489","Ordinal":"1","NoteData":"In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nxfrm: Fix skb double-free in xfrm_dev_direct_output()\n\nA return value other than 1 from local_out() means that the skb has been\nconsumed or its ownership was transferred. xfrm_dev_direct_output()\nnevertheless frees the skb on this path, causing a double-free when\nnetfilter drops the packet and invalidating any other owner.\n\nReturn the local_out() result directly, matching the ownership handling\nin xfrm_output_resume().","Type":"Description","Title":"xfrm: Fix skb double-free in xfrm_dev_direct_output()"}]}}}