{"api_version":"1","generated_at":"2026-10-21T23:06:28+00:00","cve":"CVE-2026-98398","urls":{"html":"https://cve.report/CVE-2026-98398","api":"https://cve.report/api/cve/CVE-2026-98398.json","docs":"https://cve.report/api","cve_org":"https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-98398","nvd":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-98398"},"summary":{"title":"locking/lockdep: Invalidate stale class_cache entries for zapped classes","description":"In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nlocking/lockdep: Invalidate stale class_cache entries for zapped classes\n\nsyzbot reported a lockdep splat hitting DEBUG_LOCKS_WARN_ON(1) in\nhlock_class() due to an invalid class_idx:\n\n  WARNING: kernel/locking/lockdep.c:238 at __lock_acquire+0x382/0x2cf0 kernel/locking/lockdep.c:5203\n  Workqueue: wg-crypt-wg0 wg_packet_tx_worker\n  RIP: 0010:hlock_class kernel/locking/lockdep.c:238 [inline]\n  RIP: 0010:check_wait_context kernel/locking/lockdep.c:4870 [inline]\n  RIP: 0010:__lock_acquire+0x389/0x2cf0 kernel/locking/lockdep.c:5203\n  Call Trace:\n   <IRQ>\n   lock_acquire+0x106/0x350 kernel/locking/lockdep.c:5886\n   _raw_spin_lock+0x2e/0x40 kernel/locking/spinlock.c:173\n   tcp_tsq_handler+0x29/0x200 net/ipv4/tcp_output.c:1291\n   tcp_tsq_workfn+0x384/0x410 net/ipv4/tcp_output.c:1325\n   ...\n\nWhen a lock class is zapped (e.g. during module unload or key\nunregistration), zap_class() clears the class's bit in\nlock_classes_in_use and removes it from the class hash table.\nHowever, existing lockdep_map instances embedded in data structures\nmay still retain a pointer to the zapped class in their class_cache[]\narray.\n\nWhen __lock_acquire() subsequently runs on such a lock, it finds\nlock->class_cache[subclass] != NULL, skipping register_lock_class()\nand assigning hlock->class_idx to the index of the zapped class. When\ncheck_wait_context() or hlock_class() inspects the held_lock, it finds\n!test_bit(class_idx, lock_classes_in_use) and warns. Furthermore, if\nthe zapped slot is subsequently re-allocated to an unrelated lock key,\nthe stale class_cache entry would erroneously match the unrelated\nclass (ABA issue).\n\nAdd lock_class_cache_is_valid() to validate that the cached class is\nwithin lock_classes bounds, still allocated in lock_classes_in_use\n(using uninstrumented arch_test_bit() in __always_inline context so it\nis safe in noinstr contexts like match_held_lock()), and that\nclass->key matches the expected subkey (taking lockdep_set_subclass()\noverrides into account). Also use READ_ONCE()/WRITE_ONCE() when\naccessing class_cache[].  If the entry is invalid or stale, fall back\nto register_lock_class() / look_up_lock_class().","state":"PUBLISHED","assigner":"Linux","published_at":"2026-10-14 14:17:50","updated_at":"2026-10-19 10:18:44"},"problem_types":[],"metrics":[],"references":[{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/c7acfb04c7e2e2dea248282b21373d93296644dd","name":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/c7acfb04c7e2e2dea248282b21373d93296644dd","refsource":"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67","tags":[],"title":"","mime":"","httpstatus":"","archivestatus":"0"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f8a1281ab82df5b51fd0384354d4b21daf2b7af0","name":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f8a1281ab82df5b51fd0384354d4b21daf2b7af0","refsource":"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67","tags":[],"title":"","mime":"","httpstatus":"","archivestatus":"0"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f63c86e9d267629758adaba18579e784ddd63c32","name":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f63c86e9d267629758adaba18579e784ddd63c32","refsource":"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67","tags":[],"title":"","mime":"","httpstatus":"","archivestatus":"0"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/6bc345f6d81ebe22e0f355c2a21d7e29691f9332","name":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/6bc345f6d81ebe22e0f355c2a21d7e29691f9332","refsource":"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67","tags":[],"title":"","mime":"","httpstatus":"","archivestatus":"0"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/1c9d664e2e067fca69e5a41d68e23bbc66a583fe","name":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/1c9d664e2e067fca69e5a41d68e23bbc66a583fe","refsource":"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67","tags":[],"title":"","mime":"","httpstatus":"","archivestatus":"0"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/baa320fbb2f9fea50f5632a307da8ce84fbef5bd","name":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/baa320fbb2f9fea50f5632a307da8ce84fbef5bd","refsource":"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67","tags":[],"title":"","mime":"","httpstatus":"","archivestatus":"0"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/02c6be7d675b21d81f0ba3a524346850a8c0e3bf","name":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/02c6be7d675b21d81f0ba3a524346850a8c0e3bf","refsource":"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67","tags":[],"title":"","mime":"","httpstatus":"","archivestatus":"0"},{"url":"https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-98398","name":"CVE Program record","refsource":"CVE.ORG","tags":["canonical"]},{"url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-98398","name":"NVD vulnerability detail","refsource":"NVD","tags":["canonical","analysis"]}],"affected":[{"source":"CNA","vendor":"Linux","product":"Linux","version":"affected a0b0fd53e1e67639b303b15939b9c653dbe7a8c4 f8a1281ab82df5b51fd0384354d4b21daf2b7af0 git","platforms":[]},{"source":"CNA","vendor":"Linux","product":"Linux","version":"affected a0b0fd53e1e67639b303b15939b9c653dbe7a8c4 1c9d664e2e067fca69e5a41d68e23bbc66a583fe git","platforms":[]},{"source":"CNA","vendor":"Linux","product":"Linux","version":"affected a0b0fd53e1e67639b303b15939b9c653dbe7a8c4 6bc345f6d81ebe22e0f355c2a21d7e29691f9332 git","platforms":[]},{"source":"CNA","vendor":"Linux","product":"Linux","version":"affected a0b0fd53e1e67639b303b15939b9c653dbe7a8c4 f63c86e9d267629758adaba18579e784ddd63c32 git","platforms":[]},{"source":"CNA","vendor":"Linux","product":"Linux","version":"affected a0b0fd53e1e67639b303b15939b9c653dbe7a8c4 c7acfb04c7e2e2dea248282b21373d93296644dd git","platforms":[]},{"source":"CNA","vendor":"Linux","product":"Linux","version":"affected a0b0fd53e1e67639b303b15939b9c653dbe7a8c4 baa320fbb2f9fea50f5632a307da8ce84fbef5bd git","platforms":[]},{"source":"CNA","vendor":"Linux","product":"Linux","version":"affected a0b0fd53e1e67639b303b15939b9c653dbe7a8c4 02c6be7d675b21d81f0ba3a524346850a8c0e3bf git","platforms":[]},{"source":"CNA","vendor":"Linux","product":"Linux","version":"affected 5.1","platforms":[]},{"source":"CNA","vendor":"Linux","product":"Linux","version":"unaffected 5.1 semver","platforms":[]},{"source":"CNA","vendor":"Linux","product":"Linux","version":"unaffected 5.15.222 5.15.* semver","platforms":[]},{"source":"CNA","vendor":"Linux","product":"Linux","version":"unaffected 6.1.189 6.1.* semver","platforms":[]},{"source":"CNA","vendor":"Linux","product":"Linux","version":"unaffected 6.6.158 6.6.* semver","platforms":[]},{"source":"CNA","vendor":"Linux","product":"Linux","version":"unaffected 6.12.111 6.12.* semver","platforms":[]},{"source":"CNA","vendor":"Linux","product":"Linux","version":"unaffected 6.18.53 6.18.* semver","platforms":[]},{"source":"CNA","vendor":"Linux","product":"Linux","version":"unaffected 7.2.7 7.2.* semver","platforms":[]},{"source":"CNA","vendor":"Linux","product":"Linux","version":"unaffected 7.3 * original_commit_for_fix","platforms":[]}],"timeline":[],"solutions":[],"workarounds":[],"exploits":[],"credits":[],"nvd_cpes":[],"vendor_comments":[],"enrichments":{"kev":null,"epss":null,"legacy_qids":[]},"source_records":{"cve_program":{"containers":{"cna":{"affected":[{"defaultStatus":"unaffected","product":"Linux","programFiles":["kernel/locking/lockdep.c"],"repo":"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git","vendor":"Linux","versions":[{"lessThan":"f8a1281ab82df5b51fd0384354d4b21daf2b7af0","status":"affected","version":"a0b0fd53e1e67639b303b15939b9c653dbe7a8c4","versionType":"git"},{"lessThan":"1c9d664e2e067fca69e5a41d68e23bbc66a583fe","status":"affected","version":"a0b0fd53e1e67639b303b15939b9c653dbe7a8c4","versionType":"git"},{"lessThan":"6bc345f6d81ebe22e0f355c2a21d7e29691f9332","status":"affected","version":"a0b0fd53e1e67639b303b15939b9c653dbe7a8c4","versionType":"git"},{"lessThan":"f63c86e9d267629758adaba18579e784ddd63c32","status":"affected","version":"a0b0fd53e1e67639b303b15939b9c653dbe7a8c4","versionType":"git"},{"lessThan":"c7acfb04c7e2e2dea248282b21373d93296644dd","status":"affected","version":"a0b0fd53e1e67639b303b15939b9c653dbe7a8c4","versionType":"git"},{"lessThan":"baa320fbb2f9fea50f5632a307da8ce84fbef5bd","status":"affected","version":"a0b0fd53e1e67639b303b15939b9c653dbe7a8c4","versionType":"git"},{"lessThan":"02c6be7d675b21d81f0ba3a524346850a8c0e3bf","status":"affected","version":"a0b0fd53e1e67639b303b15939b9c653dbe7a8c4","versionType":"git"}]},{"defaultStatus":"affected","product":"Linux","programFiles":["kernel/locking/lockdep.c"],"repo":"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git","vendor":"Linux","versions":[{"status":"affected","version":"5.1"},{"lessThan":"5.1","status":"unaffected","version":"0","versionType":"semver"},{"lessThanOrEqual":"5.15.*","status":"unaffected","version":"5.15.222","versionType":"semver"},{"lessThanOrEqual":"6.1.*","status":"unaffected","version":"6.1.189","versionType":"semver"},{"lessThanOrEqual":"6.6.*","status":"unaffected","version":"6.6.158","versionType":"semver"},{"lessThanOrEqual":"6.12.*","status":"unaffected","version":"6.12.111","versionType":"semver"},{"lessThanOrEqual":"6.18.*","status":"unaffected","version":"6.18.53","versionType":"semver"},{"lessThanOrEqual":"7.2.*","status":"unaffected","version":"7.2.7","versionType":"semver"},{"lessThanOrEqual":"*","status":"unaffected","version":"7.3","versionType":"original_commit_for_fix"}]}],"cpeApplicability":[{"nodes":[{"cpeMatch":[{"criteria":"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","versionEndExcluding":"5.15.222","versionStartIncluding":"5.1","vulnerable":true},{"criteria":"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","versionEndExcluding":"6.1.189","versionStartIncluding":"5.1","vulnerable":true},{"criteria":"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","versionEndExcluding":"6.6.158","versionStartIncluding":"5.1","vulnerable":true},{"criteria":"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","versionEndExcluding":"6.12.111","versionStartIncluding":"5.1","vulnerable":true},{"criteria":"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","versionEndExcluding":"6.18.53","versionStartIncluding":"5.1","vulnerable":true},{"criteria":"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","versionEndExcluding":"7.2.7","versionStartIncluding":"5.1","vulnerable":true},{"criteria":"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","versionEndExcluding":"7.3","versionStartIncluding":"5.1","vulnerable":true}],"negate":false,"operator":"OR"}]}],"descriptions":[{"lang":"en","value":"In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nlocking/lockdep: Invalidate stale class_cache entries for zapped classes\n\nsyzbot reported a lockdep splat hitting DEBUG_LOCKS_WARN_ON(1) in\nhlock_class() due to an invalid class_idx:\n\n  WARNING: kernel/locking/lockdep.c:238 at __lock_acquire+0x382/0x2cf0 kernel/locking/lockdep.c:5203\n  Workqueue: wg-crypt-wg0 wg_packet_tx_worker\n  RIP: 0010:hlock_class kernel/locking/lockdep.c:238 [inline]\n  RIP: 0010:check_wait_context kernel/locking/lockdep.c:4870 [inline]\n  RIP: 0010:__lock_acquire+0x389/0x2cf0 kernel/locking/lockdep.c:5203\n  Call Trace:\n   <IRQ>\n   lock_acquire+0x106/0x350 kernel/locking/lockdep.c:5886\n   _raw_spin_lock+0x2e/0x40 kernel/locking/spinlock.c:173\n   tcp_tsq_handler+0x29/0x200 net/ipv4/tcp_output.c:1291\n   tcp_tsq_workfn+0x384/0x410 net/ipv4/tcp_output.c:1325\n   ...\n\nWhen a lock class is zapped (e.g. during module unload or key\nunregistration), zap_class() clears the class's bit in\nlock_classes_in_use and removes it from the class hash table.\nHowever, existing lockdep_map instances embedded in data structures\nmay still retain a pointer to the zapped class in their class_cache[]\narray.\n\nWhen __lock_acquire() subsequently runs on such a lock, it finds\nlock->class_cache[subclass] != NULL, skipping register_lock_class()\nand assigning hlock->class_idx to the index of the zapped class. When\ncheck_wait_context() or hlock_class() inspects the held_lock, it finds\n!test_bit(class_idx, lock_classes_in_use) and warns. Furthermore, if\nthe zapped slot is subsequently re-allocated to an unrelated lock key,\nthe stale class_cache entry would erroneously match the unrelated\nclass (ABA issue).\n\nAdd lock_class_cache_is_valid() to validate that the cached class is\nwithin lock_classes bounds, still allocated in lock_classes_in_use\n(using uninstrumented arch_test_bit() in __always_inline context so it\nis safe in noinstr contexts like match_held_lock()), and that\nclass->key matches the expected subkey (taking lockdep_set_subclass()\noverrides into account). Also use READ_ONCE()/WRITE_ONCE() when\naccessing class_cache[].  If the entry is invalid or stale, fall back\nto register_lock_class() / look_up_lock_class()."}],"providerMetadata":{"dateUpdated":"2026-10-19T09:18:51.739Z","orgId":"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67","shortName":"Linux"},"references":[{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f8a1281ab82df5b51fd0384354d4b21daf2b7af0"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/1c9d664e2e067fca69e5a41d68e23bbc66a583fe"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/6bc345f6d81ebe22e0f355c2a21d7e29691f9332"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f63c86e9d267629758adaba18579e784ddd63c32"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/c7acfb04c7e2e2dea248282b21373d93296644dd"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/baa320fbb2f9fea50f5632a307da8ce84fbef5bd"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/02c6be7d675b21d81f0ba3a524346850a8c0e3bf"}],"title":"locking/lockdep: Invalidate stale class_cache entries for zapped classes","x_generator":{"engine":"bippy-1.2.0"}}},"cveMetadata":{"assignerOrgId":"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67","assignerShortName":"Linux","cveId":"CVE-2026-98398","datePublished":"2026-10-14T13:25:59.676Z","dateReserved":"2026-09-25T10:25:14.346Z","dateUpdated":"2026-10-19T09:18:51.739Z","state":"PUBLISHED"},"dataType":"CVE_RECORD","dataVersion":"5.2"},"nvd":{"publishedDate":"2026-10-14 14:17:50","lastModifiedDate":"2026-10-19 10:18:44","problem_types":[],"metrics":[],"configurations":[]},"legacy_mitre":{"record":{"CveYear":"2026","CveId":"98398","Ordinal":"1","Title":"locking/lockdep: Invalidate stale class_cache entries for zapped","CVE":"CVE-2026-98398","Year":"2026"},"notes":[{"CveYear":"2026","CveId":"98398","Ordinal":"1","NoteData":"In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nlocking/lockdep: Invalidate stale class_cache entries for zapped classes\n\nsyzbot reported a lockdep splat hitting DEBUG_LOCKS_WARN_ON(1) in\nhlock_class() due to an invalid class_idx:\n\n  WARNING: kernel/locking/lockdep.c:238 at __lock_acquire+0x382/0x2cf0 kernel/locking/lockdep.c:5203\n  Workqueue: wg-crypt-wg0 wg_packet_tx_worker\n  RIP: 0010:hlock_class kernel/locking/lockdep.c:238 [inline]\n  RIP: 0010:check_wait_context kernel/locking/lockdep.c:4870 [inline]\n  RIP: 0010:__lock_acquire+0x389/0x2cf0 kernel/locking/lockdep.c:5203\n  Call Trace:\n   <IRQ>\n   lock_acquire+0x106/0x350 kernel/locking/lockdep.c:5886\n   _raw_spin_lock+0x2e/0x40 kernel/locking/spinlock.c:173\n   tcp_tsq_handler+0x29/0x200 net/ipv4/tcp_output.c:1291\n   tcp_tsq_workfn+0x384/0x410 net/ipv4/tcp_output.c:1325\n   ...\n\nWhen a lock class is zapped (e.g. during module unload or key\nunregistration), zap_class() clears the class's bit in\nlock_classes_in_use and removes it from the class hash table.\nHowever, existing lockdep_map instances embedded in data structures\nmay still retain a pointer to the zapped class in their class_cache[]\narray.\n\nWhen __lock_acquire() subsequently runs on such a lock, it finds\nlock->class_cache[subclass] != NULL, skipping register_lock_class()\nand assigning hlock->class_idx to the index of the zapped class. When\ncheck_wait_context() or hlock_class() inspects the held_lock, it finds\n!test_bit(class_idx, lock_classes_in_use) and warns. Furthermore, if\nthe zapped slot is subsequently re-allocated to an unrelated lock key,\nthe stale class_cache entry would erroneously match the unrelated\nclass (ABA issue).\n\nAdd lock_class_cache_is_valid() to validate that the cached class is\nwithin lock_classes bounds, still allocated in lock_classes_in_use\n(using uninstrumented arch_test_bit() in __always_inline context so it\nis safe in noinstr contexts like match_held_lock()), and that\nclass->key matches the expected subkey (taking lockdep_set_subclass()\noverrides into account). Also use READ_ONCE()/WRITE_ONCE() when\naccessing class_cache[].  If the entry is invalid or stale, fall back\nto register_lock_class() / look_up_lock_class().","Type":"Description","Title":"locking/lockdep: Invalidate stale class_cache entries for zapped"}]}}}